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Universal preschool programs and long-term child outcomes: A systematic review

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  • Dietrichson, Jens

    (VIVE – The Danish Center for Social Science Research)

  • Kristiansen, Ida Lykke

    (University of Copenhagen)

  • C. V. Nielsen, Bjørn

    (VIVE – The Danish Center for Social Science Research)

Abstract

What are the long-term effects of universal preschool programs on child outcomes? We review 26 studies using natural experiments to estimate the effects of universal preschool programs for children aged 0-6 years on child outcomes measured from third grade to adulthood. Studies comparing preschool with parental, family, or other informal modes of care show mixed effects on test scores, and on measures related to health, well-being, and behavior. However, all estimates for outcomes related to adequate primary and secondary school progression, years of schooling, highest degree completed, employment, and earnings indicate beneficial average effects of universal preschool programs. Three of the included studies calculate benefits-to-costs ratios and find ratios clearly above one. Universal preschool tends to be more beneficial for children with low socioeconomic status, and there are not consistently different effects for boys or girls. Only three studies compare two alternative types of universal preschool programs in terms of long-term outcomes.

Suggested Citation

  • Dietrichson, Jens & Kristiansen, Ida Lykke & C. V. Nielsen, Bjørn, 2018. "Universal preschool programs and long-term child outcomes: A systematic review," Working Paper Series 2018:19, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
  • Handle: RePEc:hhs:ifauwp:2018_019
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    7. Del Boca Daniela & Monfardini Chiara & See Sarah Grace, 2023. "Early Childhood Education Attendance and Students’ Later Outcomes in Europe," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 23(4), pages 1081-1136, October.
    8. Raquel Bernal & Michele Giannola & Milagros Nores, 2022. "The Effect of Center-Based Early Education on Disadvantaged Children's Developmental Trajectories: Experimental Evidence from Colombia," Working Papers 2022-027, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group.
    9. Mara Barschkett, 2022. "Age-specific Effects of Early Daycare on Children’s Health," Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers 0005, Berlin School of Economics.
    10. Van den Berg, Gerard & Siflinger, Bettina, 2020. "The Effects of Day Care on Health During Childhood: Evidence by Age," CEPR Discussion Papers 15036, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    universal preschool; long-term effects; child outcomes; systematic review;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I00 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - General - - - General
    • I20 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - General
    • I24 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Education and Inequality
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • Z18 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Public Policy

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