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Is There Less Discrimination in Occupations Where Recruitment Is Difficult?

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Baert, Stijn & De Visschere, Sarah & Schoors, Koen & Vandenberghe, Désirée & Omey, Eddy, 2016. "First depressed, then discriminated against?," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 247-254.
  2. Abubakr Saeed & Sidra Maqsood & Amir Rafique, 2019. "Color matters: field experiment to explore the impact of facial complexion in Pakistani labor market," Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(3), pages 347-363, July.
  3. Eline Moens & Louis Lippens & Philippe Sterkens & Johannes Weytjens & Stijn Baert, 2022. "The COVID-19 crisis and telework: a research survey on experiences, expectations and hopes," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 23(4), pages 729-753, June.
  4. Baert, Stijn & Vujić, Sunčica, 2016. "Immigrant volunteering: A way out of labour market discrimination?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 95-98.
  5. Asali, Muhammad & Pignatti, Norberto & Skhirtladze, Sophiko, 2018. "Employment discrimination in a former Soviet Union Republic: Evidence from a field experiment," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(4), pages 1294-1309.
  6. David Neumark & Judith Rich, 2019. "Do Field Experiments on Labor and Housing Markets Overstate Discrimination? A Re-examination of the Evidence," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 72(1), pages 223-252, January.
  7. Mladen Adamovic & Andreas Leibbrandt, 2023. "A large‐scale field experiment on occupational gender segregation and hiring discrimination," Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 62(1), pages 34-59, January.
  8. Lens Dries & Marx Ive & Vujić Sunčica, 2019. "Double Jeopardy: How Refugees Fare in One European Labor Market," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 10(1), pages 1-29, June.
  9. Cahuc, Pierre & Carcillo, Stéphane & Minea, Andreea & Valfort, Marie-Anne, 2019. "When Correspondence Studies Fail to Detect Hiring Discrimination," IZA Discussion Papers 12653, IZA Network @ LISER.
  10. Nüß, Patrick, 2025. "Management opposition, strikes and union threat," IWH Discussion Papers 17/2025, Halle Institute for Economic Research (IWH).
  11. Laetitia Challe & Yannick L'Horty & Pascale Petit & François-Charles Wolff, 2018. "Les discriminations dans l'accès à l'emploi privé et public : les effets de l'origine, de l'adresse, du sexe et de l'orientation sexuelle," Working Papers halshs-01878469, HAL.
  12. Luca Fumarco & Benjamin Harrell & Patrick Button & David Schwegman & E Dils, 2020. "Gender Identity, Race, and Ethnicity-based Discrimination in Access to Mental Health Care: Evidence from an Audit Correspondence Field Experiment," NBER Working Papers 28164, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  13. Rycx, François & Saks, Yves & Tojerow, Ilan, 2016. "Misalignment of Productivity and Wages across Regions? Evidence from Belgian Matched Panel Data," IZA Discussion Papers 10336, IZA Network @ LISER.
  14. Gian Luca Carniglia & Mauricio Ribeiro, 2025. "Competition, Efficiency, and Discrimination in Job Markets With Learning," Bristol Economics Discussion Papers 25/807, School of Economics, University of Bristol, UK.
  15. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/6ftmcu468j8a49bft2hrpi6uql is not listed on IDEAS
  16. Fang, Tony & Zhang, Tingting & Hartley, John, 2023. "Examining the Determinants of Managers' Hiring Attitudes Towards Immigrant Workers: Evidence from an Employer Survey," IZA Discussion Papers 16219, IZA Network @ LISER.
  17. L'Horty, Yannick & Mahmoudi, Naomie & Petit, Pascale & Wolff, François-Charles, 2022. "Is disability more discriminatory in hiring than ethnicity, address or gender? Evidence from a multi-criteria correspondence experiment," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 303(C).
  18. Baert, By Stijn & Neyt, Brecht & Siedler, Thomas & Tobback, Ilse & Verhaest, Dieter, 2021. "Student internships and employment opportunities after graduation: A field experiment," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  19. Baert, Stijn, 2015. "Hiring a Homosexual, Taking a Risk? A Lab Experiment on Employment Discrimination and Risk Aversion," IZA Discussion Papers 9536, IZA Network @ LISER.
  20. Hock Thye Chan, 2018. "What is the Problem Represented to Be: A Research Methodology forAnalysing Australias Skilled Migration Policy," International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs (IJBEA), Sana N. Maswadeh, vol. 3(1), pages 21-32.
  21. Bjørnshagen, Vegar, 2021. "The mark of mental health problems. A field experiment on hiring discrimination before and during COVID-19," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
  22. Haoran He & Sherry Xin Li & Yuling Han, 2023. "Labor Market Discrimination against Family Responsibilities: A Correspondence Study with Policy Change in China," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 41(2), pages 361-387.
  23. Tamara Gutfleisch & Robin Samuel & Stefan Sacchi, 2021. "The application of factorial surveys to study recruiters’ hiring intentions: comparing designs based on hypothetical and real vacancies," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 775-804, June.
  24. Mahmoud Abubaker & Christopher Adam Bagley, 2017. "Methodology of Correspondence Testing for Employment Discrimination Involving Ethnic Minority Applications: Dutch and English Case Studies of Muslim Applicants for Employment," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-9, September.
  25. Baert, Stijn & Lippens, Louis & Moens, Eline & Sterkens, Philippe & Weytjens, Johannes, 2020. "How Do We Think the COVID-19 Crisis Will Affect Our Careers (If Any Remain)?," IZA Discussion Papers 13164, IZA Network @ LISER.
  26. Gaulke, Amanda & Cassidy, Hugh & Namingit, Sheryll, 2019. "The effect of post-baccalaureate business certificates on job search: Results from a correspondence study," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
  27. Neyt, Brecht & Vandenbulcke, Sarah & Baert, Stijn, 2019. "Are men intimidated by highly educated women? Undercover on Tinder," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
  28. Fang, Tony & Gunderson, Morley & Ha, Viet Hoang & Ming, Hui, 2025. "The Short-Term Effects of COVID-19 on Labour Market Outcomes of Recent Immigrants to Canada," IZA Discussion Papers 17756, IZA Network @ LISER.
  29. Baert, Stijn & Albanese, Andrea & du Gardein, Sofie & Ovaere, Jolien & Stappers, Jarno, 2017. "Does work experience mitigate discrimination?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 35-38.
  30. Gaddis, S. Michael, 2018. "An Introduction to Audit Studies in the Social Sciences," SocArXiv e5hfc, Center for Open Science.
  31. Artavia-Mora, Luis & Bedi, Arjun S. & Rieger, Matthias, 2018. "Help, Prejudice and Headscarves," IZA Discussion Papers 11460, IZA Network @ LISER.
  32. Deschamps, Pierre & De Sousa, José, 2021. "Labor mobility and racial discrimination," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
  33. Yann Algan & Clément Malgouyres & Thierry Mayer & Mathias Thoenig, 2022. "The Economic Incentives of Cultural Transmission: Spatial Evidence from Naming Patterns Across France," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 132(642), pages 437-470.
  34. Baert, Stijn, 2015. "Do They Find You on Facebook? Facebook Profile Picture and Hiring Chances," IZA Discussion Papers 9584, IZA Network @ LISER.
  35. Paul Bisschop & Bas Weel & Jelle Zwetsloot, 2020. "Ethnic Employment Gaps of Graduates in the Netherlands," De Economist, Springer, vol. 168(4), pages 577-598, December.
  36. Doris Weichselbaumer, 2016. "Discrimination against female migrants wearing headscarves," Economics working papers 2016-09, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
  37. Baert, Stijn & De Pauw, Ann-Sophie, 2014. "Is ethnic discrimination due to distaste or statistics?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 125(2), pages 270-273.
  38. Vernby, Kåre & Dancygier, Rafaela, 2018. "Employer discrimination and the immutability of ethnic hierarchies," Working Paper Series 2018:17, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
  39. Louise Devos & Kristen du Bois & Stijn Baert & Louis Lippens, 2026. "Ethnocultural identity and hiring decisions: The role of social desirability and employer bias," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 26/1131, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
  40. Pascale Petit & Mathieu Bunel & Yannick L’Horty, 2020. "Les discriminations à l’embauche dans la sphère publique : effets respectifs de l’adresse et de l’origine," Revue économique, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 71(1), pages 31-56.
  41. Button, Patrick & Walker, Brigham, 2020. "Employment discrimination against Indigenous Peoples in the United States: Evidence from a field experiment," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
  42. Gordon B. Dahl & Matthew Knepper, 2023. "Age Discrimination across the Business Cycle," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 15(4), pages 75-112, November.
  43. Stephan Kampelmann & François Rycx, 2016. "Wage discrimination against immigrants: measurement with firm-level productivity data," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 5(1), pages 1-24, December.
  44. Nunley, John M. & Pugh, Adam & Romero, Nicholas & Seals, R. Alan, 2016. "College major, internship experience, and employment opportunities: Estimates from a résumé audit," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 37-46.
  45. Mladen Adamovic & Andreas Leibbrandt, 2024. "Is there a glass ceiling for ethnic minorities to enter leadership positions? Evidence from a large-scale field experiment with over 12,000 job applications," Monash Economics Working Papers 2024-06, Monash University, Department of Economics.
  46. Adermon, Adrian & Hensvik, Lena, 2022. "Gig-jobs: Stepping stones or dead ends?," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
  47. Stijn Baert & Dieter Verhaest, 2021. "Work Hard or Play Hard? Degree Class, Student Leadership and Employment Opportunities," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 83(4), pages 1024-1047, August.
  48. Protsch, Paula, 2021. "Employers’ recruitment contexts and hiring preferences in the German youth labor market," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 73, pages 1-1.
  49. Louise Devos & Louis Lippens & Dries Lens & François Rycx & Mélanie Volral & Stijn Baert, 2025. "Labour Market Disadvantages of Citizens with a Migration Background in Belgium: A Systematic Review," De Economist, Springer, vol. 173(1), pages 121-175, March.
  50. repec:osf:socarx:e5hfc_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
  51. Baert, Stijn & Vujic, Suncica, 2016. "Does It Pay to Care? Prosocial Engagement and Employment Opportunities," IZA Discussion Papers 9649, IZA Network @ LISER.
  52. Kübler, Dorothea & Schmid, Julia & Stüber, Robert, 2018. "Gender discrimination in hiring across occupations: a nationally-representative vignette study," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 55, pages 215-229.
  53. Samet Çelik & Malik Volkan Türker, 2022. "Can Eye Movements Be a Predictor of Implicit Attitudes? Discrimination Against Disadvantaged Individuals During the Recruitment Process," Istanbul Business Research, Istanbul University Business School, vol. 51(2), pages 459-489, November.
  54. Julia Schmieder & Doris Weichselbaumer & Clara Welteke & Katharina Wrohlich, 2024. "Parental Leave and Discrimination in the Labor Market," Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers 0054, Berlin School of Economics.
  55. Weichselbaumer, Doris & Schuster, Julia, 2021. "The Effect of Photos and a Local-Sounding Name on Discrimination against Ethnic Minorities in Austria," IZA Discussion Papers 14495, IZA Network @ LISER.
  56. Baert, Stijn, 2017. "Hiring Discrimination: An Overview of (Almost) All Correspondence Experiments Since 2005," IZA Discussion Papers 10738, IZA Network @ LISER.
  57. Stijn Baert & Olivier Rotsaert & Dieter Verhaest & Eddy Omey, 2016. "Student Employment and Later Labour Market Success: No Evidence for Higher Employment Chances," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 69(3), pages 401-425, August.
  58. Igor Asanov & Maria Mavlikeeva, 2025. "Is Self-employment a Career Trap? A Large-Scale Field Experiment in the Labor Market," MAGKS Papers on Economics 202513, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung).
  59. Lippens, Louis & Dalle, Axana & D'hondt, Fanny & Verhaeghe, Pieter-Paul & Baert, Stijn, 2023. "Understanding ethnic hiring discrimination: A contextual analysis of experimental evidence," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
  60. Stijn Baert & Dieter Verhaest, 2019. "Unemployment or Overeducation: Which is a Worse Signal to Employers?," De Economist, Springer, vol. 167(1), pages 1-21, March.
  61. Sascha O. Becker & Ana Fernandes & Doris Weichselbaumer, 2018. "Fertility Discrimination in Hiring? Evidence from a Field Experiment," 2018 Meeting Papers 650, Society for Economic Dynamics.
  62. John M. Nunley & Adam Pugh & Nicholas Romero & Richard Alan Seals, Jr., 2015. "Unemployment, Underemployment, and Employment Opportunities: Results from a Correspondence Audit," Auburn Economics Working Paper Series auwp2015-13, Department of Economics, Auburn University.
  63. Brecht Neyt & Dieter Verhaest, 2026. "The Impact of STEM Programmes on Schooling and Early Labour Market Outcomes," De Economist, Springer, vol. 174(1), pages 59-90, March.
  64. Ad Coenen & Pieter-Paul Verhaeghe & Bart Van de Putte, 2019. "Ethnic Residential Segregation: A Family Matter? An Integration of Household Composition Characteristics into the Residential Segregation Literature," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 35(5), pages 1023-1052, December.
  65. Stijn Baert & Ann-Sophie De Pauw & Nick Deschacht, 2016. "Do Employer Preferences Contribute to Sticky Floors?," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 69(3), pages 714-736, May.
  66. Ali M. Ahmed & Elisabeth Lång, 2017. "The employability of ex-offenders: a field experiment in the Swedish labor market," IZA Journal of Labor Policy, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 6(1), pages 1-23, December.
  67. Céline Piton & François Rycx, 2021. "A Broken Social Elevator? Employment Outcomes of First- and Second-Generation Immigrants in Belgium," De Economist, Springer, vol. 169(3), pages 319-365, August.
  68. Stijn Baert & Frank W. Heiland & Sanders Korenman, 2016. "Native-Immigrant Gaps in Educational and School-to-Work Transitions in the 2nd Generation: The Role of Gender and Ethnicity," De Economist, Springer, vol. 164(2), pages 159-186, June.
  69. Irma Baraku & Giovanni Busetta, 2025. "Statistical and taste-based discrimination in the labor market: an analysis of European Countries to identify optimal policy interventions," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 59(1), pages 621-638, February.
  70. Kuhn, Florian & Chanci, Luis, 2024. "Racial disparities in labor outcomes: The effects of hiring discrimination over the business cycle," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 801-817.
  71. Céline Piton, 2022. "The labour market performance of vulnerable groups: towards a better understanding of the main driving forces," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/352519, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
  72. Stijn Baert & Sunčica Vujić, 2018. "Does it pay to care? Volunteering and employment opportunities," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 31(3), pages 819-836, July.
  73. Baert, Stijn & Norga, Jennifer & Thuy, Yannick & Van Hecke, Marieke, 2016. "Getting grey hairs in the labour market. An alternative experiment on age discrimination," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 86-101.
  74. Muhammad Asali, 2021. "Gender and ethnic wage differentials inhibit growth: A shred of evidence," Working Papers 002-21, International School of Economics at TSU, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia.
  75. Muhammad Asali & Rusudan Gurashvili, 2020. "Labour market discrimination and the macroeconomy," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(3), pages 515-533, July.
  76. Neyt, Brecht & Vandenbulcke, Sarah & Baert, Stijn, 2018. "Education Level and Mating Success: Undercover on Tinder," IZA Discussion Papers 11933, IZA Network @ LISER.
  77. Céline Piton & François Rycx, 2020. "The heterogeneous employment outcomes of first- and second-generation immigrants in Belgium," Working Paper Research 381, National Bank of Belgium.
  78. Paul Bisschop & Bas ter Weel & Jelle Zwetsloot, 2020. "Ethnic employment gaps of graduates in the Netherlands," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 20-068/V, Tinbergen Institute.
  79. Cahuc, Pierre & Hervelin, Jérémy, 2024. "The effect of workplace vs school-based vocational education on youth unemployment: Evidence from France," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
  80. Koopmans, Ruud & Veit, Susanne & Yemane, Ruta, 2019. "Taste or statistics? A correspondence study of ethnic, racial and religious labour market discrimination in Germany," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 42(16), pages 233-252.
  81. Maryam Dilmaghani, 2022. "The link between smoking, drinking and wages: Health, workplace social capital or discrimination?," Industrial Relations Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(2), pages 160-183, March.
  82. David Neumark, 2018. "Experimental Research on Labor Market Discrimination," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 56(3), pages 799-866, September.
  83. Layla Van den Berg & Karel Neels, 2024. "Ethnic Variation in the Link between Women’s Relative Employment Positions and Entry into Parenthood in Belgium," Societies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-20, April.
  84. Theys, Tobias & Adriaenssens, Stef & Verhaest, Dieter & Deschacht, Nick & Rousseau, Sandra, 2020. "Disentangling language from ethnic preferences in the recruitment of domestic workers: A discrete choice experiment," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 144-151.
  85. Laetitia Challe & Yannick L’Horty & Pascale Petit & François-Charles Wolff, 2024. "Cyclical behavior of hiring discrimination: evidence from repeated experiments in France," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 72(3), pages 711-733, March.
  86. Malte Dahl, 2022. "Alike but Different: How Cultural Distinctiveness Shapes Immigrant-Origin Minorities’ Access to the Labour Market," Journal of International Migration and Integration, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 2269-2287, December.
  87. Bisschop, Paul & ter Weel, Bas & Zwetsloot, Jelle, 2020. "Ethnic Employment Gaps of Graduates in the Netherlands," IZA Discussion Papers 13750, IZA Network @ LISER.
  88. Verhaest, Dieter & Bogaert, Elene & Dereymaeker, Jeroen & Mestdagh, Laura & Baert, Stijn, 2016. "Crowding Out in the Labour Market: Do Employers Lend a Hand?," IZA Discussion Papers 9654, IZA Network @ LISER.
  89. Margaret Maurer-Fazio & Sili Wang, 2018. "Does marital status affect how firms interpret job applicants’ un/employment histories?," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 39(4), pages 567-580, July.
  90. Carlsson, Magnus & Fumarco, Luca & Rooth, Dan-Olof, 2018. "Does Labor Market Tightness Affect Ethnic Discrimination in Hiring?," IZA Discussion Papers 11285, IZA Network @ LISER.
  91. Joseph Pickens & Aaron Sojourner, 2026. "Just Cause Protection Under Manager Discrimination," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 79(2), pages 333-363, March.
  92. Letian Zhang, 2019. "Who Loses When a Team Wins? Better Performance Increases Racial Bias," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 30(1), pages 40-50, February.
  93. Valfort, Marie-Anne, 2020. "Anti-Muslim discrimination in France: Evidence from a field experiment," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
  94. Baert, Stijn, 2015. "Field experimental evidence on gender discrimination in hiring: Biased as Heckman and Siegelman predicted?," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy, vol. 9, pages 1-11.
  95. Doris Weichselbaumer, 2020. "Multiple Discrimination against Female Immigrants Wearing Headscarves," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 73(3), pages 600-627, May.
  96. Nathaniel Hilger, 2016. "Upward Mobility and Discrimination: The Case of Asian Americans," NBER Working Papers 22748, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  97. Maurer-Fazio, Margaret & Lei, Lei, 2014. ""As Rare as a Panda": How Facial Attractiveness, Gender, and Occupation Affect Interview Callbacks at Chinese Firms," IZA Discussion Papers 8605, IZA Network @ LISER.
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