Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

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Top JEL
/ J: Labor and Demographic Economics
/ / J7: Labor Discrimination
/ / / J70: General
/ / / J71: Hiring and Firing
/ / / J78: Public Policy (including comparable worth)
/ / / J79: Other

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This JEL code is mentioned in the following RePEc Biblio entries:

1. Efficiency wages

2026

• Santiago Pereda-Fernandez, 2026, "Assessing the effectiveness of workers' selection exams: the case of Banca d'Italia," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 1515, Feb.
• Anna Stansbury & Kyra Rodriguez, 2026, "The Class Gap in Career Progression: Evidence from US academia," RFBerlin Discussion Paper Series, ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin (RFBerlin), number 26042, Feb.
• Aragones, Enriqueta, 2026, "Gender choice at work," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, volume 89, issue C, pages 490-504, DOI: 10.1016/j.eap.2025.12.018.
• Rachel Schuh, 2026, "What Workplace Composition Are Job Candidates Looking For?," Liberty Street Economics, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, number 20260219, Feb, DOI: 10.59576/lse.20260219.
• Mwangi wa Gĩthĩnji & Patrick L. Mason, 2026, "Black like us? The Occupational Integration of Black Immigrants," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34864, Feb.
• Yuxi Chen & Luís Santos-Pinto, 2026, "Overconfidence and strategic behavior in elimination contests: implications for CEO selection," Review of Economic Design, Springer;Society for Economic Design, volume 30, issue 1, pages 1-44, February, DOI: 10.1007/s10058-025-00381-5.

2025

• Mickler, Darryl & Kizer, Tracy H., 2025, "Tell me what you eat and I will tell you who you are: The influence of political identity on consumer dining choice," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 10, issue 1, pages 102-119, December.
• Chun, Wootae & Monu, Kafui & Jiang, Fan & Fu, Chengbo, 2025, "Unpacking social media engagement: Exploring the role of message strategy and contextual dynamics," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 10, issue 1, pages 40-58, December.
• Beniflah, Jake, 2025, "Editorial," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 10, issue 1, pages 5-5, December.
• Hortillo, Jose Neil & Larido, Dion Mary & Morales, Kaycee Karyll & Olores, Press Ann Giselle & Valdehueza, Paula Mariz, 2025, "Beyond the rainbow: The influence of LGBTQIA+ representation in advertising on consumer decision making," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 10, issue 1, pages 59-80, December.
• Beniflah, Jake & Worthge, Scott & Beniflah, Madeline, 2025, "Does two-way acculturation shape diversity-related consumer attitudes? A structural equation modelling study," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 10, issue 1, pages 6-39, December.
• Moore, Keira & Covington, Sha’Mira, 2025, "AI and DEI: Do inclusive ads speak to the culture? An examination of marketing advertisement’s efficacy to Gen Z consumers," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 10, issue 1, pages 81-93, December.
• Jones, Tanya K., 2025, "The social impact of sport: Marketing strategies for inclusion, community engagement and corporate benefit," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 10, issue 1, pages 94-101, December.
• Beniflah, Jake, 2025, "Editorial," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 9, issue 2, pages 101-101, May.
• Bayhan, Büşra Oktay & Özbük, Raife Meltem Yetkin, 2025, "A systematic review of cultural effects on brands’ communication styles across diverse social media channels," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 9, issue 2, pages 102-118, May.
• Kiala, Marina & Folinas, Dimitris & Agapitou, Chrysa & Rotsios, Konstantinos & Triantafyllou, Dimitrios, 2025, "Evaluating service quality in a technology-oriented museum: Empirical insights," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 9, issue 2, pages 119-134, May.
• Alshawaaf, Nasser & Lee, Soo Hee, 2025, "Adapting to austerity through commercialisation: A contextual analysis of cultural policies and change of art museums in the United Kingdom," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 9, issue 2, pages 135-150, May.
• Beniflah, Jake, 2025, "Challenging corporate mental models in US multicultural marketing: A systems thinking perspective," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 9, issue 2, pages 151-163, May.
• Belkhodja, Mona, 2025, "Coherence of key elements: A guarantee of advertising effectiveness," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 9, issue 2, pages 164-182, May.
• Noli Peschiera, Alessandra & Pacheco, Derrick Raphael & Bonilla, Stephanie & Chapa, Sindy, 2025, "Rhythm and resonance: An analysis of female representation in reggaeton music," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 9, issue 2, pages 183-195, May.
• Sharma, Animesh Kumar & Sharma, Rahul, 2025, "The transformative role of predictive analytics, artificial intelligence and machine learning in digital marketing," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 9, issue 2, pages 196-212, May.
• Unknown, 2025, "Ten-year anniversary special issue," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 9, issue 3, pages 1-144, November.
• Vojtech Bartos, 2025, "Breaking Bias: Pathways to Reducing Discrimination," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 12045.
• Barrera, Sergio E. & Ferrara, Andreas & Fishback, Price V. & Heggeness, Misty L., 2025, "The Impact of World War II Army Service on Income and Mobility in the 1960s by Ethnoracial Group," CAGE Online Working Paper Series, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE), number 742.
• Bhalotra, Sonia & Clarke, Damian & Nazarova, Angelina, 2025, "The Daughter Penalty," CAGE Online Working Paper Series, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE), number 756.
• Sonia Bhalotra & Damian Clarke & Angelina Nazarova, 2025, "The Daughter Penalty," RFBerlin Discussion Paper Series, ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin (RFBerlin), number 25110, Nov.
• Joseph G. Altonji & John Eric Humphries & Yagmur Yuksel & Ling Zhong, 2025, "Decomposing Trends in the Gender Gap for Highly Educated Workers," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University, number 2457, Aug.
• Irma Dikhaminjia & Kanat Tireuov & Tatia Qajaia & Zhibek Khussainova, 2025, "Research Of Some Factors Affecting Discrimination in The Organization And Its Impact on Conflict Situations," Business Management, D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics, Svishtov, Bulgaria, issue 2 Year 20, pages 47-63.
• Jayanta Sen, 2025, "Does occupational segregation affect gender earning difference in India's informal sector? A decomposition exercise," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, volume 45, issue 2, pages 755-762.
• Ali Ahmed & Mats Hammarstedt, 2025, "Type 1 diabetes and youth sports in Sweden: a field experiment on discrimination," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, volume 45, issue 2, pages 1083-1087.
• Mingjie Liu & Emiko Usui & Ting Yin & Wenjun Zhao, 2025, "Beauty, wages, and client discrimination among male employees in China," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, volume 45, issue 4, pages 1860-1866.
• Collins, William J. & Ferrara, Andreas & Fishback, Price V., 2025, "Introduction to special issue of explorations in economic history on the impacts of World War II on the U.S. economy," Explorations in Economic History, Elsevier, volume 97, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.eeh.2025.101700.
• Trinh, Vu Quang & Nguyen, Nga & Le, Phuong & Nguyen, Thao Ngoc, 2025, "Unraveling the ‘green-default paradox’: Assessing the influence of gender-diverse boards and socially responsible ratings," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, volume 102, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104011.
• Dudek, Maciej, 2025, "Seemingly baseless discrimination," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, volume 149, issue C, pages 43-55, DOI: 10.1016/j.geb.2024.11.003.
• Dasgupta, Utteeyo & Mani, Subha & Vecci, Joe & Želinský, Tomáš, 2025, "Games of prejudice - experiments with adolescents," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, volume 238, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2025.107220.
• Bento, Pedro, 2025, "Female entrepreneurship in the U.S. 1982–2012: Implications for welfare and aggregate output," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, volume 149, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2024.103676.
• Lago, Manuel E. & Samahita, Margaret & Doyle, Orla, 2025, "Unraveling gender norms: Social and personal norms in the preferential promotion of women," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, volume 115, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2025.102336.
• Silvio Luiz de Almeida & Leda Maria Paulani, 2025, "The Eloquent Silence: why are development theories silent about racism?," Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, Center of Political Economy, volume 45, issue 1, pages 183-205.
• Bhalotra, Sonia & Clarke, Damian & Nazarova, Angelina, 2025, "The daughter penalty," ISER Working Paper Series, Institute for Social and Economic Research, number 2025-03, May.
• Craig Sylvera, 2025, "Black Mayors and Black Communities," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, number 25-07, Feb, DOI: 10.26509/frbc-wp-202507.
• Robin Cowan & Moritz Müller & Alan Kirman & Helena Barnard, 2025, "Overcoming a legacy of racial discrimination: Competing policy goals in South African academia," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-05301898, Oct.
• Sonia Bhalotra & Damian Clarke & Angelina Nazarova, 2025, "The daughter penalty," IFS Working Papers, Institute for Fiscal Studies, number W25/40, Sep.
• Clarke, Damian & Bhalotra, Sonia R. & Nazarova, Angelina, 2025, "The Daughter Penalty," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 17817, Apr.
• Dodini, Samuel & Willén, Alexander, 2025, "The Power to Discriminate," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 17830, Apr.
• Susana C. Santos & Eric W. Liguori & Michael H. Morris & SherRhonda R. Gibbs, 2025, "A racial identity approach to entrepreneurship: the lived experiences of African American and Black entrepreneurs," Small Business Economics, Springer, volume 64, issue 2, pages 599-623, February, DOI: 10.1007/s11187-024-00909-z.
• Sergio E. Barrera & Andreas Ferrara & Price V. Fishback & Misty L. Heggeness, 2025, "The Impact of World War II Army Service on Income and Mobility in the 1960s by Ethnoracial Group," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33382, Jan.
• Joanne S. McLaughlin & David Neumark, 2025, "Is There Intersectional Labor Market Discrimination?," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33388, Jan.
• Molly Maloney & David Neumark, 2025, "Does the Gender Wage Gap Actually Reflect Taste Discrimination Against Women?," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33405, Jan.
• Zoë B. Cullen & Bobak Pakzad-Hurson & Ricardo Perez-Truglia, 2025, "Pushing the Envelope: The Effects of Salary Negotiations," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33903, Jun.
• Joseph G. Altonji & John Eric Humphries & Yagmur Yuksel & Ling Zhong, 2025, "Decomposing Trends in the Gender Gap for Highly Educated Workers," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34133, Aug.
• Steven N. Durlauf & David McMillon & Scott Page, 2025, "Complexity Theory and Economic Inequality," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34381, Oct.
• Kerwin Kofi Charles & Konstantin Kunze & Hani Mansour & Daniel I. Rees & Bryson Rintala, 2025, "Avoiding Prejudice: Islamophobia and the Labor Supply of Arabs and Muslims in the U.S," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34526, Dec.
• Anna Milanez & Annikka Lemmens & Carla Ruggiu, 2025, "Algorithmic management in the workplace: New evidence from an OECD employer survey," OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers, OECD Publishing, number 31, Feb.
• Anna Milanez, 2025, "Exploring win-win outcomes of algorithmic management: Lessons from a laboratory experiment on worker consultation," OECD Artificial Intelligence Papers, OECD Publishing, number 43, Jul.
• Daria Denti & Simona Iammarino, 2025, "Forced labour in manufacturing and the local industry structure: the case of Italy," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, volume 25, issue 6, pages 831-851.
• Bayari, Celal, 2025, "Japanese women doctors in the hospital system: Gender gap, professional burnout, and the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 123405, Jan.
• Ekpeyong, Paul, 2025, "Artificial Intelligence, Task Automation and Macro-development: Modelling the productivity- welfare trade offs in the Nigeria Economy," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 125347, Jul.
• Partha, Partha Roy, 2025, "AI and the irreplaceability of human effort: an inquiry into labor economies and ethics," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 126038, Jul, revised 02 Sep 2025.
• Kalakota, Neha & Sikes, Margaret & Baguma, Nissi & Suman, Swati & Maheshwari, Shalya, 2025, "An Analysis of Gender-based Pricing: Personal Care Products on Amazon India," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 127208, Oct.
• Van Phan & Carl Singleton & Alex Bryson & John Forth & Felix Ritchie & Lucy Stokes & Damian Whittard, 2025, "Accounting for firms in ethnic wage gaps across the earnings distribution," DoQSS Working Papers, Quantitative Social Science - UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, number 25-02, Jun.
• Ajay Mahal & Anup Karan & Marie Ishida & Fairlene Soji & Suhaib Hussain & Sara Varughese & Nathan Grills & Thakur Dhariyal & Bruce Bonyhady, 2025, "The Earnings and Conversion Gaps for Persons with Disabilities: Evidence from India," Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research, National Council of Applied Economic Research, volume 19, issue 1, pages 7-49, May, DOI: 10.1177/00252921251365022.
• Michele I. Naples, 2025, "The End of the Keynesian Consensus and US Wage Growth: An Empirical Study of the Role of Union Density and the War on Drugs," Review of Radical Political Economics, Union for Radical Political Economics, volume 57, issue 4, pages 718-729, December, DOI: 10.1177/04866134251337109.
• Lauren Melodia, 2025, "Evaluating the Impact of Industrial and Occupational Change on Black-White Unemployment Gaps in New York City and the United States," Review of Radical Political Economics, Union for Radical Political Economics, volume 57, issue 4, pages 804-816, December, DOI: 10.1177/04866134251370465.
• Laurent-Fabrice Ambassa & Honoré Bidiasse, 2025, "Gender Norms and Female Labor Supply in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Dynamic Panel Quantile Regression Analysis," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), volume 16, issue 2, pages 9512-9535, June, DOI: 10.1007/s13132-024-02281-5.
• CarlyWill Sloan & George Naufal & Heather Caspers, 2025, "The Effect of Risk Assessment Scores on Judicial Behavior and Defendant Outcomes," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 60, issue 5, pages 1778-1810.
• Jesse J. Kalinowski & Matthew B. Ross & Stephen L. Ross, 2025, "Endogenous Driving Behavior in Tests of Racial Profiling," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, volume 60, issue 5, pages 1811-1839.
• Monisankar Bishnu & Subhrasil Chingri & Debasis Mondal & Klaus Prettner, 2025, "Automation, Gender, and Inequality: Which Tradeoffs do Policymakers Face?," Department of Economics Working Papers, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Department of Economics, number wuwp395, Dec.
• Bishnu, Monisankar & Chingri, Subhrasil & Mondal, Debasis & Prettner, Klaus, 2025, "Automation, Gender, and Inequality: Which Tradeoffs do Policymakers Face?," Department of Economics Working Paper Series, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, number 395, Dec.
• Bhalotra, Sonia & Clarke, Damian & Nazarova, Angelina, 2025, "The Daughter Penalty," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS), University of Warwick, Department of Economics, number 1564.
• Würtemberger, Sonja & Rehfeld, Katharina-Maria & Holz, Heiko F., 2025, "Der Diversity Management Radar für Deutschland: Von Haltung zu Handlung," IU Discussion Papers - Human Resources, IU International University of Applied Sciences, number 3 (April 2025), DOI: 10.56250/4056.

2024

• Daria Denti & Simona Iammarino, 2024, "Forced labour in manufacturing and the local industry structure: the case of Italy," Discussion Paper series in Regional Science & Economic Geography, Gran Sasso Science Institute, Social Sciences, number 2024-12, Jun, revised Oct 2024.
• Shishir Shakya & Tulasiram Nepal & Edward Timmons, 2024, "Anti-Maintenance of Certification and Elderly Physician Supply," Working Papers, Department of Economics, Appalachian State University, number 24-02.
• Shishir Shakya & Tulasiram Nepal & Edward Timmons, 2024, "Anti-Maintenance of Certification and Elderly Physician Supply," Working Papers, Department of Economics, Appalachian State University, number 24-06.
• Beniflah, Jake, 2024, "Editorial," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 8, issue 2, pages 117-117, July.
• Biktyakova, Anna & Kolo, Castulus & Patten, Elena, 2024, "The COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on perceptions of luxury : A cross-cultural study," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 8, issue 2, pages 118-133, July.
• Jain, Pooja & Jain, Pranjal & Jain, Anju, 2024, "Marketing’s crystal ball: Where we are and where we could soon be with generative artificial intelligence in marketing," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 8, issue 2, pages 134-150, July.
• Liang, Bo & Wang, Ye & Tsou, Ming-Hsiang, 2024, "Examining regional variations in effective posts on X (Twitter) during the COVID-19 pandemic," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 8, issue 2, pages 151-174, July.
• Schill, Ryan & Nixon, Marina, 2024, "The seven ‘C’s of strategic pricing in international markets," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 8, issue 2, pages 175-191, July.
• Whelan, Brian & Moon, Sangkil & Erevelles, Sunil, 2024, "The triadic influence of brand personality, culture and social media usage on consumer attachment to iconic brands," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 8, issue 2, pages 192-210, July.
• Habibi, Mohammad, 2024, "Inflationary realities: Lessons from Iran’s inflationary experience for the Western consumers," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 9, issue 1, pages 10-20, December.
• Kusuma, Yoseph Benny & Surachman, & Rohman, Fatchur & Puspaningrum, Astrid, 2024, "Unravelling influencer power: Analysing the impact of digital influencers on the purchase intentions of Indonesian football fans," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 9, issue 1, pages 21-33, December.
• Al-Ahmad, Malak & Rudeloff, Christian & Bronstein, Johann, 2024, "The interplay of parasocial interaction, source credibility and homophily for influencer marketing success in the Middle East," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 9, issue 1, pages 34-44, December.
• Lassiter, Rebekah & Kiang, Lisa & Silman, Alycia & Yule, Katherine-Thu & Wu, Xiaotong (Eva) & Fan, Yang & Maxime, Ashley & Alexanian, Madeline & Busquets, Marisa & Stuckey, Zoe N., 2024, "Cultural sensitivity in consumer goods and marketing : A mixed methods exploration," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 9, issue 1, pages 45-60, December.
• Beniflah, Jake, 2024, "Editorial," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 9, issue 1, pages 5-5, December.
• Gronbach, Kenneth W., 2024, "Addicted to pixels: Is pornography linked to the global depopulation crisis?," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 9, issue 1, pages 6-9, December.
• Hu, Songyong & Cong, Zhiqiang, 2024, "Paying for culture : Cultural factors in local speciality product packaging’s effect on buying behaviour," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 9, issue 1, pages 61-74, December.
• Sharma, Animesh Kumar & Sharma, Rahul, 2024, "How artificial intelligence is transforming social media marketing: Analysing its potential and addressing concerns," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 9, issue 1, pages 75-90, December.
• Enriqueta Aragonès, 2024, "Family Restrictions at Work," Working Papers, Barcelona School of Economics, number 1429, Feb.
• Enriqueta Aragonès, 2024, "Gender Choice at Work," Working Papers, Barcelona School of Economics, number 1460, Sep.
• Christopher Walters, 2024, "Empirical Bayes Methods in Labor Economics," RFBerlin Discussion Paper Series, ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin (RFBerlin), number 2422, Oct.
• María Rueda Toledo & Inmaculada Bel Oms, 2024, "Las características del Consejo de Administración y la sostenibilidad de las empresas cotizadas españolas," Revista de Economía y Finanzas (REyF), Asociación Cuadernos de Economía, volume 2, issue 4, pages 15-26, Abril.
• Marco Henriques Pereira, 2024, "Uncovering biases in disciplinary actions: Evidence from German soccer," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, volume 44, issue 3, pages 1049-1054.
• KHAIAT Amira & SLIMANE TICHTICH Mohammed Lamine & RAMDANE Said, 2024, "Relationship between Organizational Justice and Organizational Conflict: A Literature Review," Social Sciences and Education Research Review, Department of Communication, Journalism and Education Sciences, University of Craiova, volume 11, issue 2, pages 244-252, December, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1525831015258312.
• Shakya, Shishir & Nepal, Tulasiram & Mathew, Manu M. & Timmons, Edward J., 2024, "Anti-Maintenance of Certification laws and older physician supply," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 244, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2024.112001.
• Licata, Carmelo & Méon, Pierre-Guillaume, 2024, "Attractiveness vs. Partisan stereotypes," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, volume 219, issue C, pages 284-304, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.01.014.
• Alkusari, Haneen & Datta Gupta, Nabanita & Etcoff, Nancy, 2024, "In the eye of the promoter? How faculty ratings of attractiveness matter for junior academic careers," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, volume 220, issue C, pages 645-659, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.02.033.
• Walker, Brigham & Wisniewski, Janna & Tinkler, Sarah & Stano, Miron & Sharma, Rajiv, 2024, "Patient preferences and physician availability based on physician nativity and international medical school attendance," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, volume 228, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106813.
• Liu, Jing & Hayes, Michael S. & Gershenson, Seth, 2024, "JUE Insight: From referrals to suspensions: New evidence on racial disparities in exclusionary discipline," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, volume 141, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jue.2022.103453.
• Farré, Lídia & Ortega, Francesc, 2024, "Geographic mobility of college students and the gender gap in academic aspirations," Labour Economics, Elsevier, volume 90, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102550.
• De Acutis, Costanza & Weber, Andrea & Wurm, Elisabeth, 2024, "The effects of board gender quotas: A meta-analysis," Labour Economics, Elsevier, volume 91, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102634.
• Bonaccolto-Töpfer, Marina & Satlukal, Sascha, 2024, "Gender differences in reservation wages: New evidence for Germany," Labour Economics, Elsevier, volume 91, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2024.102649.
• Doerrenberg, Philipp & Duncan, Denvil & Li, Danyang, 2024, "The (in)visible hand: Do workers discriminate against employers?," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, volume 231, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2024.105065.
• Abrahams, Scott & Mabli, James, 2024, "Commuting barriers to low-wage employment," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, volume 104, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2023.103970.
• Davide Marchi, 2024, "Stratificazione, nocivit? e lavoro immigrato. il caso del distretto conciario della Valle del Chiampo," ECONOMIA E SOCIET? REGIONALE, FrancoAngeli Editore, volume 2024, issue 1, pages 61-73.
• Giulia Storato, 2024, "L?inclusione lavorativa dei rifugiati fuori dall?accoglienza: snodi, risorse e ambivalenze," ECONOMIA E SOCIET? REGIONALE, FrancoAngeli Editore, volume 2024, issue 1, pages 123-140.
• Maria Gabriella Landuzzi & Cristina Mottin & Gabriele La Rosa, 2024, "Il disability management in azienda sanitaria. Uno studio qualitativo Sull?integrazione della risorsa umana con disabilit?," ECONOMIA E SOCIET? REGIONALE, FrancoAngeli Editore, volume 2024, issue 3, pages 77-95.
• Daniel Aaronson & Mark Borgschulte & Sunny Liu & Bhashkar Mazumder, 2024, "Schooling and Political Activism in the Early Civil Rights Era," Working Paper Series, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, number WP 2024-06, Feb, DOI: 10.21033/wp-2024-06.
• Robin Cowan & Moritz Müller & Alan Kirman & Helena Barnard, 2024, "Overcoming a legacy of racial discrimination: competing policy goals in South African academia," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-05301792, Jul, DOI: 10.1093/ser/mwad043.
• Kasy, Maximilian, 2024, "Algorithmic Bias and Racial Inequality: A Critical Review," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 16944, Apr.
• Blau, Francine D. & Lynch, Lisa M., 2024, "50 Years of Breakthroughs and Barriers: Women in Economics, Policy, and Leadership," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 17295, Sep.
• De Acutis, Costanza & Weber, Andrea & Wurm, Elisabeth, 2024, "The Effects of Board Gender Quotas: A Meta-Analysis," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 17333, Sep.
• Ransmayr Juliane & Weichselbaumer Doris, 2024, "The Role of Sex Segregation in the Gender Wage Gap Among University Graduates in Germany," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, volume 244, issue 1-2, pages 37-81, February, DOI: 10.1515/jbnst-2022-0018.
• Huixin Mi & Nai Peng Tey & Siow Li Lai, 2024, "Gender Disparities in Digital Employment in China," Malaysian Journal of Economic Studies, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Malaya & Malaysian Economic Association, volume 61, issue 2, pages 373-393, December, DOI: 10.22452/MJES.vol61no2.9.
• Pushkar Maitra & Ananta Neelim, 2024, "Discrimination in Developing Countries," Monash Economics Working Papers, Monash University, Department of Economics, number 2024-03, Feb.
• Giovanna Fullin, 2024, "Some challenges to labour market and industrial relations scholars," Stato e mercato, Società editrice il Mulino, issue 1, pages 111-124.
• Alexander Berry & Molly Maloney & David Neumark, 2024, "The Missing Link? Using LinkedIn Data to Measure Race, Ethnic, and Gender Differences in Employment Outcomes at Individual Companies," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "Race, Ethnicity, and Economic Statistics for the 21st Century".
• Sergio E. Barrera & Andreas Ferrara & Price V. Fishback & Misty L. Heggeness, 2024, "The Impact of World War II Army Service on Income and Mobility in the 1960s by Ethnoracial Group," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "The Economic Impacts of World War II".
• Alexander Berry & Elizabeth M. Maloney & David Neumark, 2024, "The Missing Link? Using LinkedIn Data to Measure Race, Ethnic, and Gender Differences in Employment Outcomes at Individual Companies," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 32294, Mar.
• Raffi E. Garcia & Alberto Ortega, 2024, "Racial Protests and Credit Access," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 32477, May.
• Prashant Bharadwaj & Rahul Deb & Ludovic Renou, 2024, "Statistical Discrimination and the Distribution of Wages," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 32562, Jun.
• Abhay Aneja & Silvia Farina & Guo Xu, 2024, "Beyond the War: Public Service and the Transmission of Gender Norms," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 32639, Jun.
• Susan T. Parker & Matthew B. Ross & Stephen Ross, 2024, "Driving Change: Evaluating Connecticut's Collaborative Approach to Reducing Racial Disparities in Policing," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 32692, Jul.
• Francine D. Blau & Lisa M. Lynch, 2024, "50 Years of Breakthroughs and Barriers: Women in Economics, Policy, and Leadership," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 32820, Aug.
• Christopher R. Walters, 2024, "Empirical Bayes Methods in Labor Economics," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33091, Oct.
• Ajay Mahal & Anup Karan, 2024, "The Earnings and Conversion Gaps for Persons with Disabilities:Evidence from India," NCAER Working Papers, National Council of Applied Economic Research, number 175, Sep.
• Randall S. Jones, 2024, "Addressing demographic headwinds in Japan: A long-term perspective," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1792, Apr, DOI: 10.1787/96648955-en.
• Sunyong Choi & Sunyu Ham & Yoonyoung Yang & Jon Pareliussen, 2024, "Women’s employment and fertility in Korea: A literature review," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1825, Oct, DOI: 10.1787/ac53879e-en.
• Maximilian Kasy, 2024, "Algorithmic bias and racial inequality: a critical review," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, volume 40, issue 3, pages 530-546.
• Alan S Duncan & Silvia Salazar & Loan Vu, 2024, "Gender Equity Insights 2024: The changing nature of part-time work in Australia," Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre Report series, Bankwest Curtin Economics Centre (BCEC), Curtin Business School, number GE09, Sep.
• Javier Torres & Santiago Herz & Abel Pérez & Manuel Barrón, 2024, "Labor Market Discrimination Against Venezuelans in Peru: Evidence from a Correspondence Study," Revista Economía, Fondo Editorial - Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, volume 47, issue 94, pages 1-23.
• Стайков, Ивайло, 2024, "Въпроси Относно Учебната Дисциплина „Правен Режим На Защита От Дискриминация“
  [Questions about the training course "Legal regime of protection against discrimination"]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 121368, May.
• Iveta Černíková & Markéta Šnýdrová & Ivana Šnýdrová, 2024, "Age in Employee Selection and Promotion: A Comprehensive Study," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2024, issue 5, pages 599-616, DOI: 10.18267/j.pep.875.
• Agustín Indaco & Francesc Ortega, 2024, "Adapting to Climate Risk? Local Population Dynamics in the United States," Economics of Disasters and Climate Change, Springer, volume 8, issue 1, pages 61-106, March, DOI: 10.1007/s41885-024-00141-9.
• In Jung Song & Inhyuck “Steve” Ha & Won Fy Lee & Minjung Choi, 2024, "An examination of the impact of health insurance enrollment in reducing racial health disparities," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, volume 48, issue 1, pages 196-213, March, DOI: 10.1007/s12197-023-09650-x.
• Janice Compton & Ryan A. Compton, 2024, "Disentangling Customer and Employer Discrimination Using State Variation in the Tipped Minimum Wage," Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy, Springer, volume 7, issue 2, pages 65-81, June, DOI: 10.1007/s41996-023-00134-y.
• Elena Leiñena Mendizabal & Irati Basoredo-Otzerinjauregi & Andrea Meijomil González & Itziar Villafañez Pérez, 2024, "A code of good practice to promote gender equality on boards of directors of medium-sized enterprises as a corporate sustainability goal," SN Business & Economics, Springer, volume 4, issue 4, pages 1-35, April, DOI: 10.1007/s43546-024-00635-4.
• Claude DIEBOLT & Faustine Perrin, 2024, "“Cliometrics and the Nobel”: Claudia Goldin, trente ans après," Working Papers of BETA, Bureau d'Economie Théorique et Appliquée, UDS, Strasbourg, number 2024-36.
• Engel, Julia F. & Nüß, Patrick & Rudolph, Meike & Schwarz, Julia, 2024, "A Comment on "Taste-Based Gender Favouritism in High-Stake Decisions: Evidence from the Price is Right"," I4R Discussion Paper Series, The Institute for Replication (I4R), number 151, revised 2024.
• Geis-Thöne, Wido, 2024, "Aufwachsen in bildungsfernen Familien: Ergebnisse des Mikrozensus zu Häufigkeit und Folgen," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, volume 51, issue 4, pages 95-114, DOI: 10.2373/1864-810X.24-04-05.

2023

• Richard A. April & Cookie M. Govender, 2023, "A Mixed Methods Exploration of Measurement, Impact and Strategy for Affirmative Action and Socio-economic Justice in the South African Financial Sector," Management & Economics Research Journal, Faculty of Economics, Commercial and Management Sciences, Ziane Achour University of Djelfa, volume 5, issue 1, pages 83-105, March, DOI: 10.48100/merj.2023.300.
• Agustín Indaco & Francesc Ortega, 2023, "Adapting to Climate Risk? Local Population Dynamics in the United States," Working Papers, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE), number 224, Mar.
• Beniflah, Jake, 2023, "Editorial," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 7, issue 2, pages 133-133, July.
• Chun, Wootae & Ogwal, Emmanuel, 2023, "E-commerce localisation to African markets : Canadian multinational enterprise perspectives," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 7, issue 2, pages 134-145, July.
• Dávila-Ruiz, Diana & Barajas-Portas, Karla, 2023, "Balancing gender inequality in C-suite positions in Mexico : Women’s empowerment and success through personal branding," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 7, issue 2, pages 146-159, July.
• Beniflah, Jake & Estacolchic, Julia, 2023, "Why is Spanglish more popular than Spanish and English among US Hispanics? A communication accommodation theory perspective," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 7, issue 2, pages 160-173, July.
• Wang, Pei & Chapa, Sindy, 2023, "A cross-cultural analysis of impulsive buying behaviour : Comparing the effect of longterm orientation and shopping values of Chinese and US consumers," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 7, issue 2, pages 174-186, July.
• Williams-Sanchez, Valerie L., 2023, "Culture training for strategic marketing : Case study of a Juneteenth block party," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 7, issue 2, pages 187-195, July.
• Singh, Avtar & Sharma, Rahul, 2023, "Fandom in the Indian Premier League: Factors that drive team associations," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 7, issue 2, pages 196-205, July.
• Perkins, Trudi L., 2023, "Heuristics and anti-racism methodologies : Exploring possibilities for shifting antiracist education and research paradigms," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 7, issue 2, pages 206-220, July.
• Bozkurt, Bilgehan, 2023, "The need for an organisational design to secure marketer creativity within unhealthy organisational cultures," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 7, issue 2, pages 221-232, July.
• Harris, Brandon D., 2023, "Validation as motivation: A reference to help today’s students become tomorrow’s professionals," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 8, issue 1, pages 22-31, December.
• Jain, Pranjal & Jain, Anju, 2023, "The impact of celebrity endorsers and influencer marketers on consumer behaviour," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 8, issue 1, pages 32-49, December.
• Beniflah, Jake, 2023, "Editorial," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 8, issue 1, pages 5-5, December.
• Ozbek, Icten Duygu & Beniflah, Jake, 2023, "Gentle whispers of women: An epistemological study of gender studies in marketing across 25 years," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 8, issue 1, pages 50-64, December.
• Granitz, Neil & Chen, Steven, 2023, "It’s not all black and white: A text analysis of racially diverse versus legacy superheroes in Marvel and DC Comics," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 8, issue 1, pages 6-21, December.
• Pandey, Praveen Kumar & Dhaliwal, Amandeep, 2023, "Buzz marketing: Examining the effect of online reviews on purchase consideration," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 8, issue 1, pages 65-79, December.
• Kumar Sharma, Animesh & Sharma, Rahul, 2023, "The role of generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs) in revolutionising digital marketing: A conceptual model," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 8, issue 1, pages 80-92, December.
• Beniflah, Jake & Veloz, Adaluz J. & Garzon, Roxane, 2023, "Driving return on media investment with US Hispanics in the 21st century: The nativity-based view," Journal of Cultural Marketing Strategy, Henry Stewart Publications, volume 8, issue 1, pages 93-111, December.
• Mario Carillo & Gemma Dipoppa & Shanker Satyanath, 2023, "Fascist Ideology and Migrant Labor Exploitation," Working Papers, Barcelona School of Economics, number 1395, Jun.
• M. Ryan Haley & Laurie Miller, 2023, "Predicting preferences for flexible working arrangements in future employment: A gender analysis," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, volume 43, issue 2, pages 882-893.
• Kevin Devereux & Margaret Samahita, 2023, "Gender, productivity, and promotion in the Irish economics profession," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, volume 43, issue 3, pages 1225-1234.
• Kauany de Souza & Fabiana Rocha & Pedro Forquesato, 2023, "The male breadwinner norm in Brazil," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, volume 43, issue 4, pages 1759-1770.
• Chitra Jogani & Gerardo Ruiz Sánchez, 2023, "An empirical analysis of sexual harassment case outcomes in academia," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, volume 43, issue 4, pages 1593-1600.
• Lawrence, Edward R. & Raithatha, Mehul, 2023, "Gender bias, board diversity, and firm value: Evidence from a natural experiment," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, volume 78, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2022.102349.
• Pellicer, Miquel & Ranchhod, Vimal, 2023, "Understanding the effects of racial classification in Apartheid South Africa," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, volume 160, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2022.102998.
• Groves, Jeremy & Wilcox, Virginia, 2023, "The impact of overweight and obesity on unemployment duration among young American workers," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, volume 51, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101280.
• Asmat, Roberto & Borowiecki, Karol J. & Law, Marc T., 2023, "Do experts and laypersons differ? Some evidence from international classical music competitions," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, volume 214, issue C, pages 270-290, DOI: 10.1016/j.jebo.2023.06.024.
• Das, Jishnu & Joubert, Clément, 2023, "Women in the pipeline: A dynamic decomposition of firm pay gaps," Labour Economics, Elsevier, volume 80, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2022.102282.
• Wursten, Jesse & Reich, Michael, 2023, "Racial inequality in frictional labor markets: Evidence from minimum wages," Labour Economics, Elsevier, volume 82, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102344.
• Bento, Pedro & Hwang, Sunju, 2023, "Barriers to black entrepreneurship: Implications for welfare and aggregate output over time," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, volume 134, issue C, pages 16-34, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2022.10.001.
• Hua, Kuo-Ting, 2023, "From trauma to resilience: The effect of stress on the labor market outcome of refugees," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 89, issue C, pages 126-134, DOI: 10.1016/j.qref.2023.03.002.
• Chareyron, Sylvain & L'Horty, Yannick & Mbaye, Souleymane & Petit, Pascale, 2023, "Reducing ethnic discrimination through formal warning: Evidence from two combined field experiments," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, volume 98, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2022.103850.
• Belot, Michèle & Schröder, Marina, 2023, "Remember me? The role of gender and racial attributes in memory," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, volume 104, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2023.102008.
• Chakravorty, Bhaskar & Bhatiya, Apurav Yash & Imbert, Clément & Lohnert, Maximilian & Panda, Poonam & Rathelot, Roland, 2023, "Impact of the COVID-19 crisis on India’s rural youth: Evidence from a panel survey and an experiment," World Development, Elsevier, volume 168, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106242.
• Ben Yahmed, Sarra, 2023, "Gender wage discrimination with employer prejudice and trade openness," World Development, Elsevier, volume 170, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106319.
• Izza Mafruhah & Indah Susilowati, 2023, "Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals in Gender Mainstreaming Through the Gender and Development Perspective," International Symposia in Economic Theory and Econometrics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, "Macroeconomic Risk and Growth in the Southeast Asian Countries: Insight from SEA", DOI: 10.1108/S1571-03862023000033B006.
• Kseniya Bortnikova, 2023, "Beauty and Productivity in Academic Publishing," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, volume 73, issue 3, pages 251-276, October.
• Klara Kantova, 2023, "Ex-Prisoners and the Labour Market in the Czech Republic," Working Papers IES, Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies, number 2023/2, Feb, revised Feb 2023.
• Kseniya Bortnikova, 2023, "Beauty and Productivity in Academic Publishing," Working Papers IES, Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies, number 2023/10, Apr, revised Apr 2023.
• Chris de Mena & Suvy Qin & Jing Zhang, 2023, "The Labor Market Impact of Covid-19 on Asian Americans," Working Paper Series, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, number WP 2023-10, Mar.
• Utteeyo Dasgupta & Subha Mani & Joe Vecci & Tomas Zelinsky, 2023, "Game of Prejudice," Fordham Economics Discussion Paper Series, Fordham University, Department of Economics, number dp2023-06er:dp2023-06.
• Lorenzo Ductor & Sanjeev Goyal & Anja Prummer, 2023, "Gender and Collaboration," ThE Papers, Department of Economic Theory and Economic History of the University of Granada., number 23/01, Apr.
• Sylvain Chareyron & Yannick L'Horty & Souleymane Mbaye & Pascale Petit, 2023, "Reducing ethnic discrimination through formal warning: Evidence from two combined field experiments," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-04264870, Jan, DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2022.103850.
• Telles, Edward E. & Bailey, Stanley R. & Davoudpour, Shahin & Freeman, Nicholas C., 2023, "Racial and Ethnic Inequality in Latin America," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 13195, Oct, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005238.
• Walker, Brigham & Wisniewski, Janna & Tinkler, Sarah & Stano, Miron & Sharma, Rajiv, 2023, "Foreign Physicians: Discriminatory Patient Preferences and Doctor Availability," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 15951, Feb.
• Indaco, Agustín & Ortega, Francesc, 2023, "Adapting to Climate Risk? Local Population Dynamics in the United States," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 15982, Mar.
• Cupak, Andrej & Ciaian, Pavel & Kancs, d'Artis, 2023, "Comparing the immigrant-native pay gap: A novel evidence from home and host countries," JRC Working Papers in Economics and Finance, Joint Research Centre, European Commission, number 2023-03, Apr.
• Michael E. Martell & Leanne Roncolato, 2023, "Economic Vulnerability of Sexual Minorities: Evidence from the US Household Pulse Survey," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), volume 42, issue 2, pages 1-74, April, DOI: 10.1007/s11113-023-09778-y.
• Wenping Ye & Zhongfeng Su & Hongjia Ma, 2023, "Does climate risk affect entrepreneurial growth aspirations? The moderating effects of gender and solo-founded ventures," Small Business Economics, Springer, volume 61, issue 4, pages 1671-1692, December, DOI: 10.1007/s11187-023-00744-8.
• Ran Abramitzky & Jacob Conway & Roy Mill & Luke Stein, 2023, "The Gendered Impacts of Perceived Skin Tone: Evidence from African-American Siblings in 1870–1940," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 31016, Mar.