IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/e/pna39.html
   My authors  Follow this author

Takumi Naito

Personal Details

First Name:Takumi
Middle Name:
Last Name:Naito
Suffix:
RePEc Short-ID:pna39
[This author has chosen not to make the email address public]
https://tnaito.w.waseda.jp
Twitter: @TakumiNaito
Terminal Degree:1999 Graduate School of Economics; Osaka University (from RePEc Genealogy)

Affiliation

School of Political Science and Economics
Faculty of Political Science and Economics
Waseda University

Tokyo, Japan
http://www.waseda.jp/fpse/pse/
RePEc:edi:spwasjp (more details at EDIRC)

Research output

as
Jump to: Working papers Articles Software

Working papers

  1. Svetlana Demidova & Konstantin Kucheryavyy & Takumi Naito & Andrés Rodríguez-Clare, 2022. "The Small Open Economy in a Generalized Gravity Model," NBER Working Papers 30394, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  2. Takumi Naito, 2020. "Can the optimal tariff be zero for a growing large country?," Working Papers e146, Tokyo Center for Economic Research.
  3. Takumi Naito, 2018. "A lab-equipment model of growth with heterogeneous firms and asymmetric countries," Vanderbilt University Department of Economics Working Papers 18-00009, Vanderbilt University Department of Economics.
  4. Takumi Naito, 2018. "Trade diversion is reversed in the long run," Vanderbilt University Department of Economics Working Papers 18-00008, Vanderbilt University Department of Economics.
  5. NAITO Takumi, 2017. "A Larger Country Sets a Lower Optimal Tariff," Discussion papers 17037, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
  6. Takumi Naito, 2017. "Trade and growth with heterogeneous firms revisited once again," Vanderbilt University Department of Economics Working Papers 17-00004, Vanderbilt University Department of Economics.
  7. NAITO Takumi, 2016. "An Asymmetric Melitz Model of Trade and Growth," Discussion papers 16079, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
  8. NAITO Takumi, 2015. "Aid for Trade and Global Growth," Discussion papers 15025, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
  9. Takumi Naito & Laixun Zhao, 2014. "Capital Accumulation through Studying Abroad and Return Migration," Discussion Paper Series DP2014-06, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University, revised Mar 2014.
  10. NAITO Takumi, 2012. "An Eaton-Kortum Model of Trade and Growth," Discussion papers 12055, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
  11. Takumi Naito & Laixun Zhao, 2008. "Aging, transitional dynamics, and gains from trade," Discussion Paper Series 215, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University.

Articles

  1. Naito, Takumi, 2022. "Does a larger country set a higher optimal tariff with monopolistic competition and capital accumulation?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
  2. Takumi Naito, 2021. "Trade diversion is reversed in the long run," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 39, pages 202-219, January.
  3. Takumi Naito, 2021. "Can The Optimal Tariff Be Zero For A Growing Large Country?," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 62(3), pages 1237-1280, August.
  4. Naito, Takumi & Zhao, Laixun, 2020. "Capital accumulation through studying abroad and return migration," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 185-196.
  5. Takumi Naito, 2019. "A larger country sets a lower optimal tariff," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(2), pages 643-665, May.
  6. Naito, Takumi, 2019. "A lab-equipment model of growth with heterogeneous firms and asymmetric countries," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 33-36.
  7. Takumi Naito, 2017. "An Eaton-Kortum model of trade and growth," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 50(2), pages 456-480, May.
  8. Naito, Takumi, 2017. "Growth and welfare effects of unilateral trade liberalization with heterogeneous firms and asymmetric countries," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 167-173.
  9. Naito, Takumi, 2017. "An asymmetric Melitz model of trade and growth," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 80-83.
  10. Takumi Naito, 2016. "Aid for Trade and Global Growth," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(5), pages 1178-1201, November.
  11. Takumi Naito, 2013. "Aid for trade, infrastructure, and growth," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 20(6), pages 886-909, December.
  12. Naito, Takumi, 2012. "A Ricardian model of trade and growth with endogenous trade status," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 80-88.
  13. Takumi Naito, 2012. "Aid For Trade And Welfare," The Japanese Economic Review, Japanese Economic Association, vol. 63(2), pages 216-231, June.
  14. Takumi Naito & Ryoji Ohdoi, 2011. "A two-country model of trade and growth with intersectoral knowledge spillovers," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 103(1), pages 39-58, May.
  15. Takumi Naito, 2010. "Aid, non-traded goods, and growth," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 43(2), pages 423-439, May.
  16. Naito, Takumi & Zhao, Laixun, 2009. "Aging, transitional dynamics, and gains from trade," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 33(8), pages 1531-1542, August.
  17. Takumi Naito & Ryoji Ohdoi, 2008. "Dynamics of a two-sector endogenous growth model with intersectoral knowledge spillovers," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 35(3), pages 599-605, June.
  18. Takumi Naito & Kenzo Abe, 2008. "Welfare‐ and Revenue‐Enhancing Tariff and Tax Reform under Imperfect Competition," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 10(6), pages 1085-1094, December.
  19. Naito, Takumi, 2006. "Pattern of trade and indeterminacy," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 28(2), pages 409-427, June.
  20. Naito, Takumi, 2006. "Growth, revenue, and welfare effects of tariff and tax reform: Win-win-win strategies," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(6-7), pages 1263-1280, August.
  21. Naito, Takumi, 2006. "Tariff and tax reform: Dynamic implications," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(2), pages 504-517, March.
  22. Takumi Naito, 2005. "Revenue‐Neutral Environmental Tariff Reform, Growth, and Welfare," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(5), pages 985-996, November.
  23. Takumi Naito, 2003. "Pareto-improving Untied Aid with Environmental Externalities," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 80(2), pages 161-169, October.
  24. Naito, Takumi, 2003. "Revenue-neutral tariff reform and growth in a small open economy," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 213-232, June.
  25. Takumi Naito, 2000. "A Rationale for Infant‐Industry Protection and Gradual Trade Liberalization," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 4(2), pages 164-174, June.
  26. Takumi Naito, 2000. "Tariff Revenue, Government Expenditure and Growth in a Small Open Economy," The Japanese Economic Review, Japanese Economic Association, vol. 51(3), pages 391-406, September.
    RePEc:bla:rdevec:v:4:y:2000:i:2:p:164-74 is not listed on IDEAS

Software components

  1. Takumi Naito, 2020. "Code and data files for "Trade diversion is reversed in the long run"," Computer Codes 19-116, Review of Economic Dynamics.

Citations

Many of the citations below have been collected in an experimental project, CitEc, where a more detailed citation analysis can be found. These are citations from works listed in RePEc that could be analyzed mechanically. So far, only a minority of all works could be analyzed. See under "Corrections" how you can help improve the citation analysis.

Working papers

  1. Takumi Naito, 2020. "Can the optimal tariff be zero for a growing large country?," Working Papers e146, Tokyo Center for Economic Research.

    Cited by:

    1. Ryoji Ohdoi & Kazuo Mino & Yunfang Hu, 2023. "A heterogeneous-firm model of trade and growth with country-specific credit constraints," KIER Working Papers 1095, Kyoto University, Institute of Economic Research.
    2. KAO Kuo-Feng & MUKUNOKI Hiroshi, 2022. "Optimal Tariffs on a Monopoly Platform in Two-sided Markets," Discussion papers 22066, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    3. Ken-ichi Hashimoto & Kaz Miyagiwa & Yoshiyasu Ono & Matthias Schlegl, 2024. "Was Keynes right? A reconsideration of the effect of a protective tariff under stagnation," ISER Discussion Paper 1245, Institute of Social and Economic Research, Osaka University.
    4. Naito, Takumi, 2022. "Does a larger country set a higher optimal tariff with monopolistic competition and capital accumulation?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).

  2. Takumi Naito, 2018. "A lab-equipment model of growth with heterogeneous firms and asymmetric countries," Vanderbilt University Department of Economics Working Papers 18-00009, Vanderbilt University Department of Economics.

    Cited by:

    1. Takumi Naito, 2021. "Can The Optimal Tariff Be Zero For A Growing Large Country?," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 62(3), pages 1237-1280, August.

  3. NAITO Takumi, 2017. "A Larger Country Sets a Lower Optimal Tariff," Discussion papers 17037, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).

    Cited by:

    1. Hajime Takatsuka & Dao‐Zhi Zeng, 2022. "Mobile capital, optimal tariff, and tariff war," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(1), pages 166-204, February.
    2. Geng, Difei & Saggi, Kamal, 2022. "Tariff barriers and the protection of intellectual property in the global economy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    3. Naito, Takumi, 2022. "Does a larger country set a higher optimal tariff with monopolistic competition and capital accumulation?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).
    4. ARA Tomohiro, 2021. "Competition, Productivity and Trade, Reconsidered," Discussion papers 21032, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    5. Tatsuro Iwaisako & Hitoshi Tanaka, 2020. "Tariffs and Foreign Direct Investment in a North South Product Cycle Model," Discussion Papers in Economics and Business 20-08, Osaka University, Graduate School of Economics.

  4. Takumi Naito, 2017. "Trade and growth with heterogeneous firms revisited once again," Vanderbilt University Department of Economics Working Papers 17-00004, Vanderbilt University Department of Economics.

    Cited by:

    1. Naito, Takumi, 2019. "A lab-equipment model of growth with heterogeneous firms and asymmetric countries," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 33-36.
    2. Ryoji Ohdoi & Kazuo Mino & Yunfang Hu, 2023. "A heterogeneous-firm model of trade and growth with country-specific credit constraints," KIER Working Papers 1095, Kyoto University, Institute of Economic Research.
    3. Fukuda, Katsufumi, 2019. "Effects of trade liberalization on growth and welfare through basic and applied researches," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    4. Thang T. Vo & Dinh X. Nguyen, 2021. "Impact of Trade Liberalization on Household Welfare: An Analysis Using Household Exposure-to-Trade Indices," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 153(2), pages 503-531, January.
    5. Kishi, Keiichi & Okada, Keisuke, 2018. "Trade Liberalization, Technology Diffusion, and Productivity," MPRA Paper 88597, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Takumi Naito, 2021. "Can The Optimal Tariff Be Zero For A Growing Large Country?," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 62(3), pages 1237-1280, August.
    7. Guzmán Ourens, 2020. "The long-term impact of trade with firm heterogeneity," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 156(4), pages 887-919, November.
    8. Nishiyama, Hiroyuki & Gintani, Yasuhiro & Tsuboi, Mizuki, 2024. "The impact of trade on growth and welfare with heterogeneous firms and rent-sharing," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PB), pages 731-742.
    9. Tatsuro Iwaisako & Hitoshi Tanaka, 2020. "Tariffs and Foreign Direct Investment in a North South Product Cycle Model," Discussion Papers in Economics and Business 20-08, Osaka University, Graduate School of Economics.
    10. Kishi, Keiichi & Okada, Keisuke, 2021. "The impact of trade liberalization on productivity distribution under the presence of technology diffusion and innovation," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).

  5. NAITO Takumi, 2016. "An Asymmetric Melitz Model of Trade and Growth," Discussion papers 16079, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).

    Cited by:

    1. Sena Kimm Gnangnon, 2019. "Fiscal Space for Trade: How Could the International Trade Community Help?," Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy (JICEP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 10(01), pages 1-42, February.
    2. Yuichiro Matsumoto, 2017. "Product Market Competition and Financial Market Screening," Discussion Papers in Economics and Business 17-14, Osaka University, Graduate School of Economics.
    3. Takumi Naito, 2021. "Trade diversion is reversed in the long run," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 39, pages 202-219, January.
    4. Jean-François Brun & Sèna Kimm Gnangnon, 2019. "Tax reform, public revenue and public revenue instability in developing countries: Does development aid matter?," Working Papers halshs-02089734, HAL.
    5. Jean-François Brun & Sèna Kimm Gnangnon, 2019. "Tax reform, public revenue and public revenue instability in developing countries: Does development aid matter?," CERDI Working papers halshs-02089734, HAL.
    6. Toshihiro Okubo & Rikard Forslid & Karen Helene Ulltveit-Moe, 2018. "Why are Firms that Export Cleaner? International Trade, Abatement and Environmental Emissions," Keio-IES Discussion Paper Series 2018-013, Institute for Economics Studies, Keio University.
    7. Hiroyuki Nishiyama & Azusa Fujimori & Takahiro Sato, 2022. "Regional disparities, firm heterogeneity, and the activity of Japanese manufacturing multinationals in India," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(5), pages 462-488, December.
    8. Carlos A. Carrasco & Edgar Demetrio Tovar-García, 2021. "Trade and growth in developing countries: the role of export composition, import composition and export diversification," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 919-941, November.
    9. Sèna Kimm Gnangnon & Jean-François Brun, 2020. "Tax reform and fiscal space in developing countries," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 10(2), pages 237-265, June.
    10. Romaric Gninlgonakan Coulibaly, 2023. "International trade and economic growth: The role of institutional factors and ethnic diversity in sub‐Saharan Africa," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(1), pages 355-371, January.
    11. Putu Mahardika Adi Saputra, 2019. "Dynamic Perspective of Trade Balance: Evidence from Southeast Asia before the Global Financial Crisis of 2008," GATR Journals jber170, Global Academy of Training and Research (GATR) Enterprise.

  6. NAITO Takumi, 2015. "Aid for Trade and Global Growth," Discussion papers 15025, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).

    Cited by:

    1. Rym Aloui & Aurélien Eyquem, 2020. "The Welfare Gains of Cooperative Public Infrastructure Policies: A Trade and Supply-Side View," Annals of Economics and Statistics, GENES, issue 140, pages 27-44.
    2. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2022. "Effect of Aid for Trade flows on the Accession to the World Trade Organization," EconStor Preprints 261331, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    3. Sena Kimm Gnangnon, 2023. "Duration of the Membership in the World Trade Organization and Aid for Trade Flows," Economies, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-28, June.
    4. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm & Iyer, Harish, 2021. "Effect of Aid for Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows on the Utilization of Unilateral Trade Preferences offered by the QUAD countries," EconStor Preprints 238211, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.

  7. Takumi Naito & Laixun Zhao, 2014. "Capital Accumulation through Studying Abroad and Return Migration," Discussion Paper Series DP2014-06, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University, revised Mar 2014.

    Cited by:

    1. Hayot Berk Saydaliev & Lee Chin, 2023. "The necessity of social infrastructure for enhancing educational attainment: evidence from high remittance recipient LMICs," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(3), pages 1823-1847, June.
    2. Skvarciany Viktorija & Shina Inga & Sajjad Fawad bin, 2020. "Decision Factors behind Choosing Higher Education Institutions in Europe," Economics and Culture, Sciendo, vol. 17(1), pages 75-86, June.
    3. Alejandro Vega-Muñoz & Paloma Gónzalez-Gómez-del-Miño & Juan Felipe Espinosa-Cristia, 2021. "Recognizing New Trends in Brain Drain Studies in the Framework of Global Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-27, March.

  8. NAITO Takumi, 2012. "An Eaton-Kortum Model of Trade and Growth," Discussion papers 12055, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).

    Cited by:

    1. Takumi Naito, 2021. "Trade diversion is reversed in the long run," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 39, pages 202-219, January.
    2. Karsten Mau, 2016. "Export diversification and income differences reconsidered: The extensive product margin in theory and application," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 152(2), pages 351-381, May.
    3. Kishi, Keiichi & Okada, Keisuke, 2018. "Trade Liberalization, Technology Diffusion, and Productivity," MPRA Paper 88597, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Mau, Karsten, 2014. "Margins, Gravity, and Causality: Export Diversification and Income Levels Reconsidered," GIGA Working Papers 249, GIGA German Institute of Global and Area Studies.
    5. Kishi, Keiichi & Okada, Keisuke, 2021. "The impact of trade liberalization on productivity distribution under the presence of technology diffusion and innovation," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).

  9. Takumi Naito & Laixun Zhao, 2008. "Aging, transitional dynamics, and gains from trade," Discussion Paper Series 215, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University.

    Cited by:

    1. Igor Fedotenkov, 2014. "Optimal asymmetric taxation in a two-sector model with population ageing," Bank of Lithuania Working Paper Series 15, Bank of Lithuania.
    2. Ichiroh Daitoh, 2020. "Rates of Population Decline in Solow and Semi-Endogenous Growth Models: Empirical Relevance and the Role of Child Rearing Cost," Keio-IES Discussion Paper Series 2020-004, Institute for Economics Studies, Keio University.
    3. Kenji Fujiwara & Tsuyoshi Shinozaki & Akihiko Yanase, 2011. "Dynamic Interactions in Trade Policy in a Differential Game Model of Tariff Protection," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(4), pages 689-698, November.
    4. Houda Haffoudhi & Rihab Bellakhal, 2020. "Threshold Effect of Globalization on Democracy: the Role of Demography," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 11(4), pages 1690-1707, December.
    5. Gu, Ke & Stoyanov, Andrey, 2018. "Skills, Population Aging, and the Pattern of Trade," MPRA Paper 84349, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Davis, Colin & Hashimoto, Ken-ichi & Tabata, Ken, 2022. "Demographic structure, knowledge diffusion, and endogenous productivity growth," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    7. Richard Chisik & Harun Onder & Dhimitri Qirjo, 2015. "Aging, Trade and Migration," Working Papers 058, Toronto Metropolitan University, Department of Economics.
    8. Kexu Wu & Zhiwei Tang & Longpeng Zhang, 2022. "Population Aging, Industrial Intelligence and Export Technology Complexity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-24, October.
    9. Frédéric Gannon & Gilles Le Garrec & Vincent Touzé, 2016. "Aging, international capital flows and long run convergence," Working Papers hal-03475630, HAL.
    10. Ichiroh DAITOH & Hiroaki SASAKI, 2023. "At the Right Time:Ramsey-Cass-Koopmans Model with Declining Population," Discussion papers e-23-002, Graduate School of Economics , Kyoto University.
    11. Wu, Feifei & Yang, Hongna & Gao, Bo & Gu, Yan, 2021. "Old, not yet rich? The impact of population aging on export upgrading in developing countries," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    12. Wu, Feifei & Xu, Peipei & Gao, Bo & Ma, Jing, 2024. "Export contraction and input switching in an aging China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    13. Frédéric Gannon & Gilles Le Garrec & Vincent Touzé, 2019. "The south's demographic transition and international capital flows in a financially integrated world economy," Working Papers hal-03403272, HAL.
    14. Andrea Papetti, 2021. "Population aging, relative prices and capital flows across the globe," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 1333, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    15. Fedotenkov, Igor & Van Groezen, Bas & Meijdam, Lex, 2019. "International trade with pensions and demographic shocks," Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Cambridge University Press, vol. 18(1), pages 140-164, January.
    16. Igor Fedotenkov & Bas Groezen & Lex Meijdam, 2014. "Demographic Change, International Trade and Capital Flows," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 25(5), pages 865-883, November.
    17. Akira Yakita, 2012. "Different demographic changes and patterns of trade in a Heckscher–Ohlin setting," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 25(3), pages 853-870, July.
    18. Kenji Fujiwara & Tsuyoshi Shinozaki, 2010. "The Closed‐Loop Effects Of Market Integration In A Dynamic Duopoly," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(1), pages 1-12, March.
    19. Sasaki, Hiroaki, 2017. "Population growth and trade patterns in semi-endogenous growth economies," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 1-12.
    20. Yakita, Akira, 2014. "Involuntary unemployment and sustainability of bond-financed fiscal deficit," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 79-93.
    21. Fedotenkov, I., 2012. "Pensions and ageing in a globalizing world. International spillover effects via trade and factor mobility," Other publications TiSEM 8830bc21-4138-4479-8459-a, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.

Articles

  1. Takumi Naito, 2021. "Can The Optimal Tariff Be Zero For A Growing Large Country?," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 62(3), pages 1237-1280, August.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  2. Naito, Takumi & Zhao, Laixun, 2020. "Capital accumulation through studying abroad and return migration," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 185-196.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  3. Takumi Naito, 2019. "A larger country sets a lower optimal tariff," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(2), pages 643-665, May.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  4. Naito, Takumi, 2019. "A lab-equipment model of growth with heterogeneous firms and asymmetric countries," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 33-36. See citations under working paper version above.
  5. Takumi Naito, 2017. "An Eaton-Kortum model of trade and growth," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 50(2), pages 456-480, May.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  6. Naito, Takumi, 2017. "Growth and welfare effects of unilateral trade liberalization with heterogeneous firms and asymmetric countries," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 167-173.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  7. Naito, Takumi, 2017. "An asymmetric Melitz model of trade and growth," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 80-83.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  8. Takumi Naito, 2016. "Aid for Trade and Global Growth," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(5), pages 1178-1201, November.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  9. Takumi Naito, 2013. "Aid for trade, infrastructure, and growth," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 20(6), pages 886-909, December.

    Cited by:

    1. Seungyeon Moon & Heesang Lee, 2020. "The Role of Standards-Related Capacity Building on the Sustainable Development of Developing Countries: Focusing on the Korea’s Standards-Related AfT Case in Bolivia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-16, June.
    2. NAITO Takumi, 2015. "Aid for Trade and Global Growth," Discussion papers 15025, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).

  10. Naito, Takumi, 2012. "A Ricardian model of trade and growth with endogenous trade status," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 80-88.

    Cited by:

    1. Sugata Marjit & Biswajit Mandal, 2016. "Virtual Trade between Separated Time Zones and Growth," Discussion Papers Series 560, School of Economics, University of Queensland, Australia.
    2. NAITO Takumi, 2016. "An Asymmetric Melitz Model of Trade and Growth," Discussion papers 16079, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    3. Seppo Honkapohja & Arja H. Turunen-Red & Alan D. Woodland, 2011. "Growth, Expectations, and Tariffs," CESifo Working Paper Series 3435, CESifo.
    4. Takumi Naito, 2019. "A larger country sets a lower optimal tariff," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(2), pages 643-665, May.
    5. Takumi Naito, 2017. "An Eaton-Kortum model of trade and growth," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 50(2), pages 456-480, May.
    6. Sugata Marjit & Anwesha Basu & C. Veeramani, 2019. "Growth Gains from Trade," CESifo Working Paper Series 7905, CESifo.
    7. Petar Stankov, 2017. "Economic Freedom and Welfare Before and After the Crisis," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-319-62497-6, September.
    8. Marjit, Sugata, 2014. "Virtual Trade and Growth," MPRA Paper 60831, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Ken-ichi Hashimoto & Kaz Miyagiwa & Yoshiyasu Ono & Matthias Schlegl, 2024. "Was Keynes right? A reconsideration of the effect of a protective tariff under stagnation," ISER Discussion Paper 1245, Institute of Social and Economic Research, Osaka University.
    10. Wolf-Heimo Grieben & Fuat Sener, 2012. "North-South Trade, Unemployment and Growth: What’s the Role of Labor Unions?," Working Paper Series of the Department of Economics, University of Konstanz 2012-06, Department of Economics, University of Konstanz.
    11. Olatunji Abdul Shobande & Oladimeji Tomiwa Shodipe, 2021. "Monetary Policy Interdependency in Fisher Effect: A Comparative Evidence," Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, Central bank of Montenegro, vol. 10(1), pages 203-226.
    12. Cieślik, Andrzej & Parteka, Aleksandra, 2021. "Relative Productivity, Country Size and Export Diversification," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 28-44.
    13. NAITO Takumi, 2015. "Aid for Trade and Global Growth," Discussion papers 15025, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    14. Yuki Saito, 2018. "On the trade, growth, and welfare effects of intellectual property rights protection," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 85(1), pages 235-254, July.

  11. Takumi Naito, 2012. "Aid For Trade And Welfare," The Japanese Economic Review, Japanese Economic Association, vol. 63(2), pages 216-231, June.

    Cited by:

    1. Abiola Abidemi Akinsanya, 2020. "Understanding the Role of Aid for Trade in Enhancing Corridor Development and Regional Integration in West Africa: Lessons and Policy Directions," Advances in African Economic, Social and Political Development, in: Gbadebo O.A. Odularu & Mena Hassan & Musibau Adetunji Babatunde (ed.), Fostering Trade in Africa, pages 183-211, Springer.
    2. NAITO Takumi, 2015. "Aid for Trade and Global Growth," Discussion papers 15025, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).

  12. Takumi Naito & Ryoji Ohdoi, 2011. "A two-country model of trade and growth with intersectoral knowledge spillovers," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 103(1), pages 39-58, May.

    Cited by:

    1. Sansi Yang & C. Richard Shumway, 2020. "Knowledge accumulation in US agriculture: research and learning by doing," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 54(2), pages 87-105, December.

  13. Naito, Takumi & Zhao, Laixun, 2009. "Aging, transitional dynamics, and gains from trade," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 33(8), pages 1531-1542, August.
    See citations under working paper version above.
  14. Takumi Naito & Ryoji Ohdoi, 2008. "Dynamics of a two-sector endogenous growth model with intersectoral knowledge spillovers," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 35(3), pages 599-605, June.

    Cited by:

    1. Britz, Wolfgang & Roson, Roberto & Sartori, Martina, 2019. "SSP long run scenarios for European NUTS2 regions," Conference papers 333114, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    2. Şakir Erdem & Beril Durmuş & Osman Özdemir, 2017. "The Relationship with Ad Clicks and Purchase Intention: An Empiricial Study of Online Consumer Behaviour," European Journal of Economics and Business Studies Articles, Revistia Research and Publishing, vol. 3, September.
    3. Takumi Naito & Ryoji Ohdoi, 2011. "A two-country model of trade and growth with intersectoral knowledge spillovers," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 103(1), pages 39-58, May.

  15. Takumi Naito & Kenzo Abe, 2008. "Welfare‐ and Revenue‐Enhancing Tariff and Tax Reform under Imperfect Competition," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 10(6), pages 1085-1094, December.

    Cited by:

    1. Shim, Kieun & Jung, Yonghun, 2012. "Trade liberalization and tax reform strategies: The case of the Korean oil industry," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 686-691.
    2. Kenji Fujiwara, 2012. "A Win-Win-Win Tariff-Tax Reform under Imperfect Competition," Discussion Paper Series 83, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University, revised Feb 2012.
    3. Kenji Fujiwara, 2014. "Tax Principles and Tariff-Tax Reforms under International Oligopoly," Discussion Paper Series 116, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University, revised Mar 2014.
    4. Kieun Shim & Kyonghwa Jeong, 2016. "Revenue-enhancing Trade Liberalization in a Differentiated Duopoly," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(2), pages 561-573, May.
    5. Tchoffo, Rodrigue & Ngouhouo, Ibrahim & Nkemgha, Guivis, 2020. "Trade Liberalization and Macroeconomic Performance in Cameroon: An Imperfect Competition Approach," MPRA Paper 98558, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 09 Feb 2020.
    6. Michael Michael & Panos Hatzipanayotou, 2013. "Pollution and reforms of domestic and trade taxes towards uniformity," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 20(5), pages 753-768, October.
    7. Masayuki Okawa & Tatsuya Iguchi, 2016. "Welfare-improving Coordinated Tariff and Sales Tax Reforms under Imperfect Competition," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(2), pages 475-487, May.
    8. Ourania Karakosta & Nikos Tsakiris, 2014. "Can tariff and tax reforms deliver welfare improvements under imperfect competition?," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(3), pages 315-328, April.
    9. Amèvi Rocard Kouwoaye, 2019. "Trade tax reforms and poverty in developing countries: Why do some countries benefit and others lose?," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2019-66, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    10. Kenji Fujiwara & Ryoma Kitamura, 2012. "A Tariff-Tax Reform under Oligopoly and Free Entry," Discussion Paper Series 88, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University, revised Apr 2012.
    11. Panos Hatzipanayotou & Sajal Lahiri & Michael Michael, 2011. "Trade and domestic tax reforms in the presence of a public good and different neutrality conditions," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 18(3), pages 273-290, June.
    12. Kenji Fujiwara, 2014. "Tax Principles and Tariff-Tax Reforms," Discussion Paper Series 119, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University, revised Aug 2014.
    13. Michael S. Michael & Sajal Lahiri & Panos Hatzipanayotou, 2013. "Piecemeal Reform of Domestic Indirect Taxes toward Uniformity in the Presence of Pollution: with and without a Revenue Constraint," University of Cyprus Working Papers in Economics 03-2013, University of Cyprus Department of Economics.
    14. Kenji Fujiwara, 2013. "Tax Principles and Coordination of Trade and Domestic Policies under Imperfect Competition," Discussion Paper Series 112, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University, revised Nov 2013.
    15. Chang, Yang-Ming & Sargsyan, Ruben, 2022. "Revenue-neutral or profit-neutral tariff and tax reforms under imperfect competition: Welfare implications," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 1-11.
    16. Kenzo Abe & Keisuke Hattori & Yoshitaka Kawagoshi, 2014. "Trade Liberalization and Environmental Regulation on International Transportation," The Japanese Economic Review, Japanese Economic Association, vol. 65(4), pages 468-482, December.

  16. Naito, Takumi, 2006. "Pattern of trade and indeterminacy," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 28(2), pages 409-427, June.

    Cited by:

    1. Akihiko Yanase & Yukio Karasawa-Ohtashiro, 2019. "Endogenous time preference, consumption externalities, and trade: multiple steady states and indeterminacy," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 126(2), pages 153-177, March.

  17. Naito, Takumi, 2006. "Growth, revenue, and welfare effects of tariff and tax reform: Win-win-win strategies," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(6-7), pages 1263-1280, August.

    Cited by:

    1. Ligthart, J.E. & van der Meijden, G.C., 2011. "The Dynamics of Revenue-Neutral Trade Liberalization," Other publications TiSEM 1d95686d-f518-4a0e-aad6-3, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    2. Jenny Ligthart & Gerard C. van der Meijden, 2010. "Coordinated Tax-Tari Reforms, Informality, and Welfare Distribution," International Center for Public Policy Working Paper Series, at AYSPS, GSU paper1029, International Center for Public Policy, Andrew Young School of Policy Studies, Georgia State University.
    3. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2021. "Tax reform and public debt instability in developing countries: The trade openness and public revenue instability channels," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 54-67.
    4. Naito, Takumi, 2012. "A Ricardian model of trade and growth with endogenous trade status," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 80-88.
    5. Gómez, Manuel A. & Sequeira, Tiago N., 2014. "Should the US streamline its tax system? Analysis on an endogenous growth model," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 113-119.
    6. Takumi Naito, 2010. "Aid, non-traded goods, and growth," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 43(2), pages 423-439, May.
    7. Michael Michael & Panos Hatzipanayotou, 2013. "Pollution and reforms of domestic and trade taxes towards uniformity," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 20(5), pages 753-768, October.
    8. Raimondos, Pascalis & Kreickemeier, Udo, 2006. "Tariff-Tax Reforms and Market Access," CEPR Discussion Papers 5889, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    9. Martina Yakova, 2019. "Tax buoyancy of the EU-28 countries – a comparative analysis," Economic Thought journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 5, pages 59-73.
    10. Sèna Kimm Gnangnon, 2023. "Trade costs and tax transition reform in developing countries," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(4), pages 941-977, October.
    11. Baunsgaard, Thomas & Keen, Michael, 2010. "Tax revenue and (or?) trade liberalization," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(9-10), pages 563-577, October.
    12. Carmen D. Álvarez‐Albelo & Antonio Manresa & Mònica Pigem‐Vigo, 2018. "Growing through trade in intermediate goods: the role of foreign growth and domestic tariffs," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 65(4), pages 414-436, September.
    13. Sena Kimm Gnangnon, 2023. "Effect of the Shadow Economy on Tax Reform in Developing Countries," Economies, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-49, March.
    14. Kenji Fujiwara, 2014. "Tax Principles and Tariff-Tax Reforms," Discussion Paper Series 119, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University, revised Aug 2014.
    15. Michael S. Michael & Sajal Lahiri & Panos Hatzipanayotou, 2013. "Piecemeal Reform of Domestic Indirect Taxes toward Uniformity in the Presence of Pollution: with and without a Revenue Constraint," University of Cyprus Working Papers in Economics 03-2013, University of Cyprus Department of Economics.
    16. Haibara Takumi, 2017. "Indirect Tax Reform in Developing Countries: A Consumption-Neutral Approach," Journal of Globalization and Development, De Gruyter, vol. 8(1), pages 1-11, June.
    17. Ho, Florence Ut Meng, 2023. "Tariffs and Innovation in a Schumpeterian Economy with North-South Technology Transfer," MPRA Paper 118068, University Library of Munich, Germany.

  18. Naito, Takumi, 2006. "Tariff and tax reform: Dynamic implications," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(2), pages 504-517, March.

    Cited by:

    1. Giovanni Ganelli & Juha Tervala, 2015. "Tariff-tax Reforms in Large Economies," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(12), pages 1990-2012, December.
    2. Creina Day & Garth Day, 2010. "Taxes, Growth And The Current Account Tick‐Curve Effect," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(1), pages 13-27, March.
    3. Hisali, Eria, 2012. "Trade policy reform and international trade tax revenue in Uganda," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(6), pages 2144-2154.
    4. Naito, Takumi, 2012. "A Ricardian model of trade and growth with endogenous trade status," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 80-88.
    5. Chi‐Chur Chao & Jean‐Pierre Laffargue & Pasquale M. Sgro, 2012. "Tariff and environmental policies with product standards," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 45(3), pages 978-995, August.
    6. Julia Cage & Lucie Gadenne, 2014. "The Fiscal Cost of Trade Liberalization," Working Papers halshs-00705354, HAL.
    7. Baunsgaard, Thomas & Keen, Michael, 2010. "Tax revenue and (or?) trade liberalization," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(9-10), pages 563-577, October.
    8. Kenji Fujiwara, 2014. "Tax Principles and Tariff-Tax Reforms," Discussion Paper Series 119, School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University, revised Aug 2014.
    9. Kim, Sunghyun H. & Kose, M. Ayhan, 2014. "Welfare implications of trade liberalization and fiscal reform: A quantitative experiment," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(1), pages 198-209.
    10. Lee, Shun-Fa, 2010. "Tariff, Growth, and Welfare," MPRA Paper 27486, University Library of Munich, Germany.

  19. Takumi Naito, 2005. "Revenue‐Neutral Environmental Tariff Reform, Growth, and Welfare," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(5), pages 985-996, November.

    Cited by:

    1. Michael Michael & Panos Hatzipanayotou, 2013. "Pollution and reforms of domestic and trade taxes towards uniformity," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 20(5), pages 753-768, October.
    2. Michael S. Michael & Sajal Lahiri & Panos Hatzipanayotou, 2008. "Integrated Reforms of Indirect Taxes in the Presence of Pollution," CESifo Working Paper Series 2276, CESifo.
    3. Michael S. Michael & Sajal Lahiri & Panos Hatzipanayotou, 2013. "Piecemeal Reform of Domestic Indirect Taxes toward Uniformity in the Presence of Pollution: with and without a Revenue Constraint," University of Cyprus Working Papers in Economics 03-2013, University of Cyprus Department of Economics.

  20. Takumi Naito, 2003. "Pareto-improving Untied Aid with Environmental Externalities," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 80(2), pages 161-169, October.

    Cited by:

    1. Akira Yakita, 2009. "Technology Choice And Environmental Awareness In A Trade And Environment Context," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(3), pages 270-279, September.
    2. Yasuhiro Takarada, 2004. "Transboundary Pollution and Welfare Effects of Technology Transfer," ERSA conference papers ersa04p203, European Regional Science Association.
    3. Yasuhiro Takarada, 2007. "Welfare effects of international income transfers under transboundary pollution," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 8(2), pages 143-157, June.
    4. Wei-Bin Zhang, 2014. "Global Economic Growth and Environmental Change," SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, SPOUDAI Journal of Economics and Business, University of Piraeus, vol. 64(3), pages 3-29, July-Sept.
    5. Alain-Désiré Nimubona & Horatiu Rus, 2015. "Green Technology Transfers and Border Tax Adjustments," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 62(1), pages 189-206, September.
    6. Takumi HAIBARA, 2007. "Environmental Funds, Terms of Trade, and Welfare," GSICS Working Paper Series 15, Graduate School of International Cooperation Studies, Kobe University.
    7. Wang, Haijun & Wang, Yongming & Zhang, Xue & Zhang, Cheng, 2024. "The effect of foreign aid on carbon emissions in recipient countries: Evidence from China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    8. Schenker, Oliver & Stephan, Gunter, 2014. "Give and take: How the funding of adaptation to climate change can improve the donor's terms-of-trade," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 44-55.
    9. Muneyuki Saito & Yasuyuki Sugiyama, 2007. "Transfer of Pollution Abatement Technology and Unemployment," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 6(5), pages 1-8.
    10. Yasuhiro Takarada, 2007. "Welfare effects of international income transfers under transboundary pollution," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, vol. 8(2), pages 143-157, June.

  21. Naito, Takumi, 2003. "Revenue-neutral tariff reform and growth in a small open economy," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(1), pages 213-232, June.

    Cited by:

    1. Naito, Takumi, 2012. "A Ricardian model of trade and growth with endogenous trade status," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 80-88.
    2. Nastasia Henry & Alain Venditti, 2023. "On the (de)stabilization role of protectionism: Theory and evidence," AMSE Working Papers 2328, Aix-Marseille School of Economics, France.
    3. Takumi Naito & Ryoji Ohdoi, 2011. "A two-country model of trade and growth with intersectoral knowledge spillovers," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 103(1), pages 39-58, May.

  22. Takumi Naito, 2000. "A Rationale for Infant‐Industry Protection and Gradual Trade Liberalization," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 4(2), pages 164-174, June.

    Cited by:

    1. Miguel Urrutia & Carlos Esteban Posada & Adriana Pontón & Oscar Martínez, 2000. "Comercio Exterior y Actividad Económica de Colombia en el Siglo XX: Exportaciones Totales y Tradicionales," Borradores de Economia 163, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.

Software components

    Sorry, no citations of software components recorded.

More information

Research fields, statistics, top rankings, if available.

Statistics

Access and download statistics for all items

Co-authorship network on CollEc

NEP Fields

NEP is an announcement service for new working papers, with a weekly report in each of many fields. This author has had 11 papers announced in NEP. These are the fields, ordered by number of announcements, along with their dates. If the author is listed in the directory of specialists for this field, a link is also provided.
  1. NEP-INT: International Trade (10) 2008-06-27 2012-09-30 2015-03-05 2016-09-18 2017-01-29 2017-04-30 2018-09-10 2018-09-10 2020-02-24 2022-09-26. Author is listed
  2. NEP-GRO: Economic Growth (3) 2016-09-18 2018-09-10 2020-02-24
  3. NEP-DGE: Dynamic General Equilibrium (2) 2008-06-27 2014-03-22
  4. NEP-OPM: Open Economy Macroeconomics (2) 2008-06-27 2022-09-26
  5. NEP-AGE: Economics of Ageing (1) 2008-06-27
  6. NEP-FDG: Financial Development and Growth (1) 2012-09-30
  7. NEP-MFD: Microfinance (1) 2015-03-05
  8. NEP-MIG: Economics of Human Migration (1) 2014-03-22
  9. NEP-SOG: Sociology of Economics (1) 2016-09-18

Corrections

All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. For general information on how to correct material on RePEc, see these instructions.

To update listings or check citations waiting for approval, Takumi Naito should log into the RePEc Author Service.

To make corrections to the bibliographic information of a particular item, find the technical contact on the abstract page of that item. There, details are also given on how to add or correct references and citations.

To link different versions of the same work, where versions have a different title, use this form. Note that if the versions have a very similar title and are in the author's profile, the links will usually be created automatically.

Please note that most corrections can take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.