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Goods-market frictions and international trade

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  • Krolikowski, Pawel M.
  • McCallum, Andrew H.

Abstract

We add goods-market frictions to a general equilibrium dynamic model with heterogeneous exporting producers and identical importing retailers. Our tractable framework leads to endogenously unmatched product varieties that reduce welfare, attenuate welfare responses, increase the responsiveness of trade to iceberg costs, and operate mainly through the extensive margin. Quantitative results based on U.S. and Chinese data suggest that reducing international search costs to their domestic levels raises U.S. and Chinese welfare by 5.6% and 4%, respectively. A model with search frictions attenuates ex-ante welfare responses by 85% and changes the trade elasticity from −3.2 to −5.5 relative to a model without search frictions. The trade elasticity with respect to search costs is −0.7 and search frictions make the intensive and extensive margins of trade with respect to variable costs about equally important. Our framework provides a baseline for analyzing the aggregate implications of search frictions in models of trade.

Suggested Citation

  • Krolikowski, Pawel M. & McCallum, Andrew H., 2021. "Goods-market frictions and international trade," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:inecon:v:129:y:2021:i:c:s0022199620301264
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2020.103411
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    2. Jaerim Choi, 2021. "Two-sided heterogeneity, endogenous sharing, and international matching markets," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 72(2), pages 473-509, September.
    3. Clémence Lenoir & Julien Martin & Isabelle Mejean, 2023. "Search Frictions in International Goods Markets," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 21(1), pages 326-366.
    4. Carballo, Jerónimo & Rodriguez Chatruc, Marisol & Salas Santa, Catalina & Volpe Martincus, Christian, 2022. "Online business platforms and international trade," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    5. Xiwen Bai & Jesús Fernández-Villaverde & Yiliang Li & Francesco Zanetti, 2024. "The Causal Effects of Global Supply Chain Disruptions on Macroeconomic Outcomes: Evidence and Theory," Economics Series Working Papers 1033, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    6. Costas Arkolakis & Federico Huneeus & Yuhei Miyauchi, 2023. "Spatial Production Networks," NBER Working Papers 30954, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    7. Brancaccio, Giulia & Kalouptsidi, Myrto & Papageorgiou, Theodore, 2020. "A guide to estimating matching functions in spatial models," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    8. Guo, Qi & Zhang, Peng & Zhu, Shengjun & Liu, Junyang, 2023. "Export market relatedness, geographical diversification and regional export growth in China," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 336-346.
    9. Jules Depersin & B'ereng`ere Patault, 2023. "Revisiting the effect of search frictions on market concentration," Papers 2303.01824, arXiv.org.
    10. Giulia Brancaccio & Myrto Kalouptsidi & Theodore Papageorgiou, 2020. "Geography, Transportation, and Endogenous Trade Costs," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 88(2), pages 657-691, March.
    11. Spray, J., 2101. "Search Externalities in Firm-to-Firm Trade," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2108, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    12. Lincoln, William F. & McCallum, Andrew H., 2018. "The rise of exporting by U.S. firms," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 280-297.
    13. Monarch, Ryan & Schmidt-Eisenlohr, Tim, 2023. "Longevity and the value of trade relationships," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).

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    17. Till Gross & Stephane Verani, 2012. "Financing Constraints, Firm Dynamics, and International Trade," 2012 Meeting Papers 1035, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    18. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/dambferfb7dfprc9m01g1j1k2 is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Rogerson, Richard & Shimer, Robert, 2011. "Search in Macroeconomic Models of the Labor Market," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 7, pages Pages: 61, Elsevier.
    20. Patrick Alexander, 2016. "Producer Heterogeneity, Value-Added, and International Trade," Staff Working Papers 16-54, Bank of Canada.
    21. Khan, Shafaat Yar & Khederlarian, Armen, 2021. "How does trade respond to anticipated tariff changes? Evidence from NAFTA," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    22. Bolatto, Stefano & Moramarco, Graziano, 2023. "Gains from trade and their quantification: Does sectoral disaggregation matter?," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 44-68.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Search; Welfare; Trade elasticity; Constrained optimization;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C61 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness
    • F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

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