Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

2026

• Huang, Hanwei & Manova, Kalina Bojidarova & Perello Perez, Oscar Ignacio & Pisch, Frank, 2026, "Global Production Networks and Imperfect Competition," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 14594, May, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0014040.
• Qian, Zeyi & Suzuki, Kensuke & Zhang, Junfu, 2026, "Trade Costs, Entry Costs, and Regional Economic Growth in China," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 18507, Mar.
• Guiomar Martín-Herrán & María Pilar Martínez-García & José R. Morales, 2026, "The Impacts of Environmental Policy on Industrial Allocation: A Transboundary Pollution Dynamic Game," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, volume 89, issue 4, pages 1-31, April, DOI: 10.1007/s10640-026-01079-0.
• Patrice Cassagnard & Pierre Regibeau & Mamadou Thiam, 2026, "Collective Loss and Private Gain: Deciphering Boeing and Airbus’ Opposing Flight Plans in China," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, volume 68, issue 1, pages 1-14, January, DOI: 10.1007/s11151-025-10031-3.
• Francesco D’Ascanio & Tomas R. Martinez, 2026, "The “Big Push“ of International Trade: A Tale of Informality and Human Capital," Bank of Lithuania Working Paper Series, Bank of Lithuania, number 139, Jan.
• Kaivan Munshi & Swapnil Singh, 2026, "Social Status, Economic Development and Female Labor Force (Non) Participation," Bank of Lithuania Working Paper Series, Bank of Lithuania, number 140, Feb.
• Sharat Ganapati & Colin J. Hottman, 2026, "Did Foreigners Pay America's Tariffs? Quantity Discounts, Scale Economies and Incomplete Pass-Through," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34901, Feb.
• Wolfgang Lechthaler & Mariya Mileva, 2026, "The price of division: sticky prices and monetary policy in a fragmenting world (Q4/25)," OeNB Bulletin, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q4/25-4, pages 1-34.
• Wolfgang Lechthaler & Mariya Mileva, 2026, "The price of division: sticky prices and monetary policy in a fragmenting world (Q4/25)," OeNB Bulletin, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q4/25-4, pages 1-34.
• Hwan C Lin, 2026, "A dynamic modelling approach to North-South disparities in IPR protection," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, volume 78, issue 1, pages 132-156.
• Markkanen, Jaakko & Siikanen, Markku & Valmari, Nelli, 2026, "What Would a Four-day Work Week Cost Finnish Exports? Factor Prices and Export Price Competitiveness," ETLA Brief, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, number 184, Jun.
• Markkanen, Jaakko & Siikanen, Markku & Valmari, Nelli, 2026, "Beggar-Thy-Neighbor by Other Means," ETLA Working Papers, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, number 141, Jun.
• Kossi Messanh Agbekponou & Iaria Fusacchia, 2026, "Shifting the Boundaries,Pricing Down the Chain: Firm-Level Evidence," Departmental Working Papers of Economics - University 'Roma Tre', Department of Economics - University Roma Tre, number 0293, May.
• Yuqiang Teng & Boqiang Lin, 2026, "The Effect of Industrial Synergistic Division on Total Factor Energy Efficiency: Evidence from the Industrial Chain," The Energy Journal, , volume 47, issue 2, pages 289-306, March, DOI: 10.1177/01956574251410589.
• Mutsumi Matsumoto, 2026, "Environmental policies, environmental firms, and transboundary pollution," Environmental Economics and Policy Studies, Springer;Society for Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - SEEPS, volume 28, issue 2, pages 593-615, April, DOI: 10.1007/s10018-025-00444-5.
• Yasuhiro Takarada & Yasushi Kawabata, 2026, "Do countervailing duties on environmental goods under the WTO rules improve the environment?," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), volume 162, issue 1, pages 153-182, February, DOI: 10.1007/s10290-025-00607-2.
• Xiao Ma & Zi Wang & Xiaodong Zhu, 2026, "Trade War and Technology Rivalry," Working Papers, University of Toronto, Department of Economics, number tecipa-824, Jun.
• Christopher Clayton & Matteo Maggiori & Jesse Schreger, 2026, "Putting Economics Back into Geoeconomics," NBER Macroeconomics Annual, University of Chicago Press, volume 40, issue 1, pages 23-87, DOI: 10.1086/738941.
• Sonam Choudhry, 2026, "Dispersion In Input And Output Prices: A Firm-Level Analysis," The Singapore Economic Review (SER), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., volume 71, issue 01, pages 295-319, March, DOI: 10.1142/S0217590821500557.
• Ernst, Anne & Hinterlang, Natascha & Jäger, Marius & Stähler, Nikolai, 2026, "America first? The macroeconomic implications of punitive tariffs in a production network model," Discussion Papers, Deutsche Bundesbank, number 10/2026, DOI: 10.71734/DP-2026-10.
• Chochua, Lasha & Lake, James & Willmann, Gerald, 2026, "Can plurilateral agreements save global free trade?," Kiel Policy Briefs, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, number 205.
• Gimenez Perales, Victor, 2026, "New importer dynamics and the effects of trade shocks," Kiel Working Papers, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, number 2312.
• Chochua, Lasha & Lake, James & Willmann, Gerald, 2026, "Plurilateral trade agreements: A complementary margin to preferential liberalization," Kiel Working Papers, Kiel Institute for the World Economy, number 2317.
• Grudev, Lachezar, 2026, "International trade and balance of payments deficit: The inflation as the missing link," Discourses in Social Market Economy, OrdnungsPolitisches Portal (OPO), number 2026-5.
• François de Soyres & Alexandre Gaillard, 2026, "Trade, Value Added, and Productivity Linkages: A Qualitative Analysis," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, volume 18, issue 1, pages 149-186, January, DOI: 10.1257/mac.20210192.
• Thierry Mayer & Isabelle Méjean & Mathias Thoenig, 2026, "Can Sanctions Deter Wars? The Russia-Ukraine Case," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, volume 116, pages 114-118, May, DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20261071.
• Aaditya Mattoo & Michele Ruta & Robert W. Staiger, 2026, "Geopolitics and Shallow Integration," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, volume 116, pages 119-126, May, DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20261014.
• Cecilia Carvalho & Nicolas Goulart & Daniel Monte & Emanuel Ornelas, 2026, "Sustaining International Rules in a Multipolar World," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, volume 116, pages 127-132, May, DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20261016.
• Germán Pupato & Ben Sand & Jeanne Tschopp, 2026, "Estimating the gains from trade in frictional local labor markets," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, volume 128, issue 1, pages 152-200, January, DOI: 10.1111/sjoe.12592.
• Sugata Marjit & Suryaprakash Misra & Tarun Kabiraj & Lei Yang, 2026, "Welfare Improving Prohibitive Tariffs," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 12396.
• Carsten Eckel & Lisandra Flach & Ning Meng, 2026, "Demand and Supply Linkages in Exporting Multiproduct Firms," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 12530.
• Luca Macedoni & Ariel Weinberger, 2026, "Lobbying for Regulations: When Big Business Says Yes," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 12536.
• Pol Cosentino, 2026, "Trade, Commuting and City Structure," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 12557.
• Lasha Chochua & James Lake & Gerald Willmann, 2026, "Plurilateral Trade Agreements: A Complementary Margin to Preferential Liberalization," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 12564.
• Peter Eppinger & Bohdan Kukharskyy & Alireza Naghavi & Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano, 2026, "Slice to Protect," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 12694.
• Björn Thor Arnarson & Magnus Tolum Buus & Andreas Moxnes & Jakob Roland Munch & Chong Xiang, 2026, "Growing Together and Apart: Scale Economies and Labor Specialization in Global Value Chains," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 12710.
• Ambrosino, Maria Ludovica & Chan, Jenny & Tenreyro, Silvana, 2026, "Trade Fragmentation, Inflationary Pressures and Monetary Policy," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 21024, Jan.
• Patnaik, Megha, 2026, "Services Across Borders: How Firms Organize Remote Work at Scale," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 21294, Mar.
• Forslid, Rikard, 2026, "Who Gains from Electricity Export?," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 21329, Mar.
• Gehrig, Thomas & Stenbacka, Rune, 2026, "Strategic Investment in Supply Chain Resilience under Geopolitical Interference: Theory and Policy Implications," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 21507, May.
• Alviarez, Vanessa & Fioretti, Michele & Kikkawa, Ken & Morlacco, Monica, 2026, "Two-Sided Market Power in Firm-to-Firm Trade," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 21530, May.
• Eppinger, Peter & Kukharskyy, Bohdan & Naghavi, Alireza & Ottaviano, Gianmarco, 2026, "Slice to Protect," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 21535, May.
• Fillat, José L. & Garetto, Stefania, 2026, "On the Origins of the Multinational Premium," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 21610, Jun.
• Yi Lee & Chu Ping Lo, 2026, "Digitalization, Wage Inequality, and Employment," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, volume 27, issue 1, pages 61-89, May.
• Dudley Cooke & Tatiana Damjanovic, 2026, "Tail Elasticities and Threshold-Dependent Aggregation," Department of Economics Working Papers, Durham University, Department of Economics, number 2026_07, Jun.
• Amicucci, Alessandra & Gnocato, Nicolò & Gunnella, Vanessa & Lindemann, Clara & Merendino, Alfonso & Montes-Galdón, Carlos, 2026, "The impact of China’s industrial rise on the euro area," Economic Bulletin Boxes, European Central Bank, volume 3.
• Adler, Konrad & Ahn, JaeBin & Dao, Mai Chi, 2026, "Tariffs, corporate cash holdings, and innovation," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, volume 98, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2026.102960.
• Chen, Ming & Chen, Wen & Feng, Ling & Li, Zhiyuan & Swenson, Deborah L., 2026, "The chilling effects of unsuccessful antidumping investigations on firm export dynamics," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, volume 178, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103610.
• Calì, Massimiliano & Graciano, Simón Caicedo & Ghose, Devaki & Montfaucon, Angella Faith & Ruta, Michele, 2026, "Trade policy and exporters’ resilience: Evidence from Indonesia," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, volume 179, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103561.
• Bas, Maria & Bombarda, Pamela, 2026, "Foreign technology and informal employment: Evidence from Mexico," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, volume 181, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2026.103732.
• Ning, Haokai & Li, Ruihui & Bi, Zifan, 2026, "Choice of export policy for oligopolistic industries with cross-ownership under uncertainty," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 259, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112767.
• Slepov, Fedor, 2026, "Equilibrium in the two-country Melitz model with variable markups, without Pareto," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 263, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2026.112928.
• Bolz, Simon J. & Naumann, Fabrice & Richter, Philipp M., 2026, "Unilateral environmental policy and offshoring," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 159, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104185.
• Han, Lu, 2026, "What drives exporters’ market dynamics? A new framework for disentangling micro shocks," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 159, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104186.
• Bao, Xiaohua & Blonigen, Bruce A. & Yu, Zhi, 2026, "Cross-product and cross-market adjustments within multiproduct firms: Evidence from antidumping actions," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 159, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104206.
• Behrens, Kristian & Kichko, Sergei & Ushchev, Philip, 2026, "Intersectoral demand linkages: Good shocks, bad outcomes?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 160, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2026.104226.
• Ignatenko, Anna, 2026, "Price discrimination and competition in international transportation," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 161, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2026.104234.
• Tan, Kay Kiang & Kam, Andrew Jia Yi, 2026, "Chains of disparity: How global value chains reshape income distribution in the Malaysian manufacturing sector," International Economics, Elsevier, volume 185, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.inteco.2025.100675.
• Abdelsalam, Farida & Bas, Maria, 2026, "The impact of input-trade liberalization on firms’ borrowings," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, volume 54, issue 1, pages 82-98, DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.07.008.
• Alvarez, Jorge & Benatiya Andaloussi, Mehdi & Maggi, Chiara & Sollaci, Alexandre & Stuermer, Martin & Topalova, Petia, 2026, "Geoeconomic fragmentation and commodity markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, volume 164, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2026.103555.
• Matsuura, Toshiyuki, 2026, "Navigating trade shocks: The impact of the US–China trade war on Japanese exporters and multinational firms," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, volume 79, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2026.101411.
• Li, Haishi, 2026, "Multinational production and global shock propagation during the great recession," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, volume 157, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoneco.2025.103879.
• Pawel Krolikowski & Andrew H. McCallum, 2026, "Tariffs and Goods-Market Search Frictions," International Finance Discussion Papers, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), number 1437, May, DOI: 10.17016/IFDP.2026.1437.

2025

• Ali Benli & Özgür Tonus, 2025, "Does GVC Participation Enhance Economic Performance? Evidence from the Turkish Manufacturing Sector," Journal of Research in Economics, Politics & Finance, Ersan ERSOY, volume 10, issue 2, pages 728-757, DOI: 10.30784/epfad.1667010.
• Natalia R. Potoczek & Ariel Michalik & Krzysztof Tokarz, 2025, "Poland’s Participation in Global Value Chains – The Response to the Demand and Supply Shock Caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic," Ekonomista, Polskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne, issue 3, pages 332-351.
• Sebastián Fanelli & Juan Carlos Hallak & Yin Yongkun, 2025, "Exporter Survival with Uncertainty and Experimentation," Working Papers, Red Nacional de Investigadores en Economía (RedNIE), number 354, Feb.
• Alviarez Vanessa & Fioretti Michele & Kikkawa Ken & Morlacco Monica, 2025, "Two-Sided Market Power in Firm-to-Firm Trade," Papers, arXiv.org, number 2507.12848, Jul, revised May 2026.
• Alviarez Vanessa & Fioretti Michele & Kikkawa Ken & Morlacco Monica, 2025, "Concentration and Markups in International Trade," Papers, arXiv.org, number 2508.00345, Aug.
• Saba Anwar & Saneela Aslam, 2025, "Stalled on the Tracks: Institutional Failures and Comparative Reform Analysis of Pakistan Railways," Journal of Economic Sciences, Federal Urdu University Islamabad, Department of Economics, volume 4, issue 1, pages 105-116, June, DOI: 10.55603/jes.v4i1.a7.
• Sumaira Saeed & Arshad Ali Bhati & Mairajul Haq, 2025, "The Mediating Role of Firm Growth and TFP Growth in Export Quality-Trade Flows Nexus Evidence from Pakistani Firms," Journal of Economic Sciences, Federal Urdu University Islamabad, Department of Economics, volume 4, issue 1, pages 53-70, June, DOI: 10.55603/jes.v4i1.a4.
• Waqas Ali & Mahtab Ahmad, 2025, "The Economic Impacts of Climate Policy and the Green Transition in the United Kingdom: A Quantitative SEM Analysis," Journal of Economic Sciences, Federal Urdu University Islamabad, Department of Economics, volume 4, issue 2, pages 110-119, December, DOI: 10.55603/jes.v4i2.a7.
• Lu Han, 2025, "The Mutable Geography of Firms’ International Trade," Staff Working Papers, Bank of Canada, number 25-11, Mar, DOI: 10.34989/swp-2025-11.
• Martin Wolf & Luca Fornaro, 2025, "Tariffs and Technological Hegemony," Working Papers, Barcelona School of Economics, number 1530, Oct.
• Hartmut Egger & Udo Kreickemeier & Jens Wrona, 2025, "Monopsony power, offshoring, and a European minimum wage," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, volume 33, issue 1, pages 78-98, February, DOI: 10.1111/roie.12734.
• Kamila Kuziemska‐Pawlak & Jakub Mućk, 2025, "Global Value Chains and Equilibrium Exchange Rate: Evidence From Central European Economies," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, volume 33, issue 3, pages 711-740, August, DOI: 10.1111/roie.12795.
• Zhiyuan Chen & Aksel Erbahar & Yuan Zi, 2025, "Made and created in China: the role of processing trade," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, volume 127, issue 2, pages 390-426, April, DOI: 10.1111/sjoe.12571.
• Maria‐Grazia Attinasi & Lukas Boeckelmann & Baptiste Meunier, 2025, "The economic costs of supply chain decoupling," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, volume 48, issue 3, pages 598-627, March, DOI: 10.1111/twec.13655.
• Sabine Stillger, 2025, "The Role of Firm Heterogeneity and Intermediate Inputs in Carbon Leakage," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany, number crctr224_2025_670, Mar.
• Haasbroek, M., 2025, "Search Frictions and International Trade Intermediation," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, number 2518, Apr.
• Ma, Xiao & Muendler, Marc-Andreas & Nakab, Alejandro, 2025, "Exporting, Wage Profiles, and Human Capital: Evidence from Brazil," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series, Department of Economics, UC San Diego, number qt3bp6c1hh, Sep.
• James R. Boohaker, 2025, "Multi-Market Contact in International Trade; Evidence from U.S. Battery Exporters," Working Papers, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau, number 25-32, May.
• John Chung, 2025, "Firm Heterogeneity, Misallocation, and Trade," Working Papers, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau, number 25-33, May.
• Kalina Manova & Andreas Moxnes & Oscar Perello, 2025, "Productivity, matchability and intermediation in production networks," CEP Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE, number dp2082, Mar.
• Natalie Chen & Dennis Novy & Diego Solorzano, 2025, "Trade diversion and labor market outcomes," CEP Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE, number dp2109, Jun.
• Eliav Danziger & Leif Danziger, 2025, "Demand Uncertainty and the Optimal Number of Export Destinations," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 11633.
• Kalina Manova & Andreas Moxnes & Oscar Perelló & Kalina B. Manova, 2025, "Productivity, Matchability and Intermediation in Production Networks," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 11717.
• Maria Bas & Lionel Fontagné & Irene Iodice & Gianluca Orefice & Lionel Gérard Fontagné, 2025, "Heterogeneous Trade Elasticity and Managerial Skills," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 11750.
• Michael Koch & Antonella Nocco, 2025, "Intermediates Trade and Knowledge Flows," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 11815.
• Natalie Chen & Dennis Novy & Diego Solórzano, 2025, "Trade Diversion and Labor Market Outcomes," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 11941.
• Mario Larch & Philipp Meinen & Arne J. Nagengast & Yoto V. Yotov, 2025, "Do What You Know and Leave the Rest to the Experts: Quantifying the Gains from Efficient Trade," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 11942.
• Reto Foellmi & Björn Hartmann & Josef Zweimüller, 2025, "Income Distribution, Welfare, and the Patterns of Trade," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 12107.
• Sascha O. Becker & Hartmut Egger & Michael Koch & Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2025, "Division of Labor in the Global Economy," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 12284.
• Xiao Ma & Marc-Andreas Muendler & Alejandro Nakab, 2025, "Exporting, Wage Profiles, and Human Capital: Evidence from Brazil," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 12350.
• Chen, Natalie & Novy, Dennis & Solórzano, Diego, 2025, "Trade Diversion and Labor Market Outcomes," CAGE Online Working Paper Series, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE), number 755.
• Becker, Sascha O & Egger, Hartmut & Koch, Michael & Muendler, Marc-Andreas, 2025, "Division of Labor in the Global Economy," CAGE Online Working Paper Series, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE), number 783.
• Konrad Adler & JaeBin Ahn & Mai Dao, 2025, "Tariffs, Corporate Cash Holdings, and Innovation," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series, Swiss Finance Institute, number 25-71, Aug.
• Maria Bas & Lionel Fontagné & Irene Iodice & Gianluca Orefice, 2025, "Heterogeneous Trade Elasticity and Managerial Skills," Working Papers, CEPII research center, number 2025-04, Mar.
• Sebastián Fanelli & Juan Carlos Hallak & Yongkun Yin, 2025, "Exporter Survival with Uncertainty and Experimentation," Working Papers, CEMFI, number wp2025_2519, Sep.
• James Giesecke & Robert Waschik, 2026, "Reconciling Armington and Melitz Trade Responses: A Parameterisation Study of U.S. Motor Vehicle Tariffs," Centre of Policy Studies/IMPACT Centre Working Papers, Victoria University, Centre of Policy Studies/IMPACT Centre, number g-365, Mar.
• Antrà s, Pol, 2025, "The Uncharted Waters of International Trade," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 19842, Jan.
• Clayton, Christopher & Maggiori, Matteo & Schreger, Jesse, 2025, "A Theory of Economic Coercion and Fragmentation," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 19859, Jan.
• Bilal, Adrien & Lhuillier, Hugo, 2025, "Outsourcing, Inequality and Aggregate Output," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 19985, Feb.
• Manova, Kalina & Moxnes, Andreas & Perelló, Oscar, 2025, "Productivity, Matchability and Intermediation in Production Networks," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 20044, Mar.
• Chen, Natalie & Novy, Dennis & Solórzano, Diego, 2025, "Trade Diversion and Labor Market Outcomes," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 20296, May.
• Alvarez, Jorge & Benatiya Andaloussi, Mehdi & Maggi, Chiara & Sollaci, Alexandre & Stuermer, Martin & Topalova, Petia, 2025, "Geoeconomic Fragmentation and Commodity Markets," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 20451, Jul.
• Gehrig, Thomas & Stenbacka, Rune, 2025, "Supply Chain Resilience, Interference and Competition with Geopolitical Tensions," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 20819, Nov.
• Fornaro, Luca & Wolf, Martin, 2025, "Tariffs and Technological Hegemony," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 20826, Nov.
• Egger, Peter & Stefanova, Stefani & Suverato, Davide, 2025, "Skill-Based Quality Upgrading and International Trade," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 20851, Nov.
• Becker, Sascha O. & Egger, Hartmut & Koch, Michael & Muendler, Marc-Andreas, 2025, "Division of Labor in the Global Economy," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 20860, Nov.
• Cruz, José-Luis & Di Giovanni, Julian, 2025, "Closing the Border: The Impact of U.S. Migration and Trade Policy," CEPR Discussion Papers, Centre for Economic Policy Research, number 20949, Dec.
• Sascha O. Becker & Hartmut Egger & Michael Koch & Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2025, "Division of Labor in the Global Economy," RFBerlin Discussion Paper Series, ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin (RFBerlin), number 25135, Dec.
• Gustav Horn & Thomas Gehrig & Doris Neuberger & Patrick Kaczmarczyk, 2025, "Geopolitische Risiken: Was ändert sich für Deutschland und Europa?," Vierteljahreshefte zur Arbeits- und Wirtschaftsforschung, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, volume 2, issue 1, pages 117-147, DOI: 10.3790/vaw.2.1.117.
• Till Köveker & Philipp M. Richter & Alexander Schiersch & Robin Sogalla, 2025, "Clean Production, Dirty Sourcing: How Embodied Emissions Alter the Environmental Footprint of Exporters," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 2126.
• Attinasi, Maria Grazia & Boeckelmann, Lukas & Gerinovics, Rinalds & Meunier, Baptiste, 2025, "Unveiling the hidden costs of critical dependencies," Economic Bulletin Articles, European Central Bank, volume 5.
• Banin, Mattia & D'Agostino, Mario & Gunnella, Vanessa & Lebastard, Laura, 2025, "How vulnerable is the euro area to restrictions on Chinese rare earth exports?," Economic Bulletin Boxes, European Central Bank, volume 6.
• Gnocato, Nicolò & Montes-Galdón, Carlos & Stamato, Giovanni, 2025, "Tariffs across the supply chain," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 3081, Jul.
• Jouvanceau, Valentin & Darracq Pariès, Matthieu & Dieppe, Alistair & Kockerols, Thore, 2025, "Trade wars and global spillovers. A quantitative assessment with ECB-global," Working Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 3117, Sep.
• Feng, Ling & Li, Zhiyuan & Liu, Yixuan & Zhou, Yahong, 2025, "Did FinTech steal the cheese of banks? Evidence from Chinese firm exports," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 91, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2025.102392.
• Deng, Jianpeng & Wang, Zi, 2025, "The costs of duty exemptions in processing trade," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 94, issue PB, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2025.102523.
• Imbruno, Michele & Cariolle, Joël & de Melo, Jaime, 2025, "Digital connectivity and firm participation in foreign markets: An exporter-based bilateral analysis," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, volume 177, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2025.103551.
• Coveri, Andrea & Giammetti, Raffaele & Zanfei, Antonello, 2025, "Functional diversification and GVC exposure: Evidence and implications," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, volume 152, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2025.107303.
• Bertoletti, Paolo & Etro, Federico, 2025, "Decomposing the welfare gains from trade," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 247, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112189.
• Heiland, Inga & Šváb, Patrik, 2025, "Estimating gravity equations for trade in value added: A structural perspective," Economics Letters, Elsevier, volume 254, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.econlet.2025.112476.
• Bonfiglioli, Alessandra & Crinò, Rosario & Gancia, Gino, 2025, "Firms and economic performance: A view from trade," European Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 172, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2024.104912.
• Kang, Manho, 2025, "Export competition and innovation," European Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 178, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2025.105059.
• Hounyonou, Quentin Nouhesséwa, 2025, "African firms’ adaptation to Chinese shock under financial and electricity constraints," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 150, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2025.108759.
• Horn, Henrik & Tangerås, Thomas, 2025, "Local network operators in an integrated electricity market," Energy Economics, Elsevier, volume 150, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2025.108779.
• Doerr, S. & Marin, D. & Suverato, D. & Verdier, T., 2025, "International trade and the allocation of capital within firms," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 153, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.104023.
• Firooz, Hamid, 2025, "The pro-competitive consequences of trade in frictional labor markets," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 153, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.104028.
• Norris, Jordan J., 2025, "A many-location home market effect and a home biased geography," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 154, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104057.
• Alessandria, George & Khan, Shafaat Yar & Khederlarian, Armen & Ruhl, Kim J. & Steinberg, Joseph B., 2025, "Trade war and peace: U.S.-China trade and tariff risk from 2015–2050," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 155, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104066.
• Brugués, Felipe & Kikkawa, Ayumu Ken & Mei, Yuan & Robles, Pablo, 2025, "The impact of NAFTA on prices and competition: Evidence from Mexican manufacturing plants," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 155, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104085.
• Bas, Maria & Fontagné, Lionel & Iodice, Irene & Orefice, Gianluca, 2025, "Heterogeneous trade elasticity and managerial skills," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 155, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104093.
• Chung, Wanyu & Perroni, Carlo, 2025, "Regional content requirements and market power: Lessons from CUSFTA," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 157, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104097.
• Koenig, Pamina & Krautheim, Sebastian & Löhnert, Claudius & Verdier, Thierry, 2025, "Local global watchdogs: Trade, sourcing and the internationalization of social activism," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 157, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104116.
• Eaton, Jonathan & Eslava, Marcela & Jinkins, David & Krizan, C.J. & Tybout, James, 2025, "A search and learning model of export dynamics," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 157, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104155.
• Hirakata, Naohisa & Katagiri, Mitsuru, 2025, "Foreign direct investment as a long-term capital flow channel: Evidence from Japan," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 158, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104158.
• di Mauro, Filippo & Matani, Marco & Ottaviano, Gianmarco, 2025, "Reassessing EU comparative advantage: The role of technology," International Economics, Elsevier, volume 183, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.inteco.2025.100601.
• Thia, Jang Ping & Hu, Yumin, 2025, "Transport costs and the locations of upstream-downstream sectors in China and Indonesia," International Economics, Elsevier, volume 183, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.inteco.2025.100602.
• Jacques Eric, Tamno Tekam & Joseph, Keneck-Massil, 2025, "Africa's participation in global value chains: What contribution can Special Economic Zones make?," International Economics, Elsevier, volume 184, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.inteco.2025.100646.
• Egger, Peter H. & Huang, Ruobing, 2025, "Market versus optimum allocation in open economies," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, volume 228, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jet.2025.106053.
• Steiner, Elizabeth & Stucki, Yannic, 2025, "The impact of exchange rate fluctuations on markups – firm-level evidence for Switzerland," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, volume 159, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2025.103422.
• Ishikawa, Jota & Okubo, Toshihiro, 2025, "Cross-border technology licensing with R&D Opportunity and Government Intervention," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, volume 76, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2025.101364.
• Mnasri, Ayman & Nechi, Salem, 2025, "Heckman-type maximum likelihood estimators of the gravity equation: A Monte Carlo study," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, volume 101, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2025.104191.
• Ezzat, Asmaa & Zaki, Chahir, 2025, "An empirical assessment of the nexus between competition policy and global value chains," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, volume 75, issue C, pages 228-247, DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2025.08.002.
• Hadjiyiannis, Costas & İriş, Doruk & Tabakis, Chrysostomos & Ten, Gi Khan, 2025, "Are nationalist countries more protectionist?," World Development, Elsevier, volume 196, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107168.
• Jason Allen, 2025, "Trump's Trade War: Short- and Long-run Macroeconomic Impacts," Journal of Economics and Econometrics, Economics and Econometrics Society, volume 68, issue 3, pages 45-70.
• Betancourt-Gómez, Michel Eduardo, 2025, "Examinando los patrones de especialización vertical y concentración industrial con un modelo de insumo-producto no lineal," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, volume 92, issue 365, pages 159-181, enero-mar, DOI: https://doi.org/10.20430/ete.v92i36.
• Kamila Slupinska & Przemyslaw Pluskota & Agata Wawrzyniak & Agnieszka Alinska & Marek Kannchen, 2025, "Cognitive Aspects of UX in Information Search: Evidence from Young Users of Regional Financial Institutions," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, volume 0, issue 4, pages 1853-1868.
• Pawel Krolikowski & Andrew H. McCallum, 2025, "Tariffs and Goods-Market Search Frictions," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, number 25-03, Jan, DOI: 10.26509/frbc-wp-202503.
• Ana Maria Santacreu & Ashley Stewart, 2025, "The Impact of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act on U.S. Multinationals' Intangible Assets," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, volume 107, issue 4, pages 1-16, March, DOI: 10.20955/r.2025.04.
• Jesse LaBelle & Fernando M. Martin & Ana Maria Santacreu, 2025, "Taxation and the Global Allocation of Intangibles," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, number 2025-025, Sep, revised 21 May 2026, DOI: 10.20955/wp.2025.025.
• Francois de Soyres & Ece Fisgin & Alexandre Gaillard & Ana Maria Santacreu & Henry L. Young, 2025, "Partner Similarity and The Sectoral Evolution of China's Trade," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, number 2026-001, Dec, DOI: 10.20955/wp.2026.001.
• Alexander Knobel & Alexander Firanchuk, 2025, "Russia's foreign trade in January-May 2025: Trade turnover with China declined," Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-Economic Development (In Russian), Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 14, pages 1-5, July.
• Alexander Knobel & Alexander Firanchuk, 2025, "Preliminary results of Russia's foreign trade in 2025," Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-Economic Development (In Russian), Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 31, pages 1-5, December.
• Alexander Knobel & Alexander Firanchuk, 2025, "Russia's foreign trade in January-May 2025: Trade turnover with China declined," Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-Economic Development, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 14, pages 1-5, July.
• Alexander Knobel & Alexander Firanchuk, 2025, "Preliminary results of Russia's foreign trade in 2025," Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-Economic Development, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 31, pages 1-5, December.
• Jean-Luc Gaffard, 2025, "Finance et globalisation : les enjeux d'une mutation," GREDEG Working Papers, Groupe de REcherche en Droit, Economie, Gestion (GREDEG CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur, France, number 2025-39, Sep.
• Edward Balistreri & Christoph Boehringer & Thomas Rutherford, 2025, "Quantifying Disruptive Trade Policies," Journal of Global Economic Analysis, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, volume 10, issue 1, pages 1-49, June, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21642/JGEA.10010.
• Maria Bas & Lionel Fontagné & Irene Iodice & Gianluca Orefice, 2025, "Heterogeneous Trade Elasticity and Managerial Skills," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers), HAL, number halshs-05000273, Mar.
• Maria Bas & Lionel Fontagné & Irene Iodice & Gianluca Orefice, 2025, "Heterogeneous trade elasticity and managerial skills," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers), HAL, number halshs-05368414, May, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104093.
• Asmaa Ezzat & Chahir Zaki, 2025, "An empirical assessment of the nexus between competition policy and global value chains," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-05389984, Dec, DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2025.08.002.
• Giuseppe Berlingieri & Luca Marcolin & Emanuel Ornelas, 2025, "Service Offshoring and Export Experience," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-05635136, DOI: 10.1093/ej/ueaf020.
• Sebastian Doerr & Dalia Marin & Davide Suverato & Thierry Verdier, 2025, "International trade and the allocation of capital within firms," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-05033171, Jan, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.104023.
• Maria Bas & Lionel Fontagné & Irene Iodice & Gianluca Orefice, 2025, "Heterogeneous trade elasticity and managerial skills," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-05368414, May, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104093.
• Sebastian Doerr & Dalia Marin & Davide Suverato & Thierry Verdier, 2025, "International trade and the allocation of capital within firms," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint), HAL, number halshs-05033171, Jan, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.104023.
• Maria Bas & Lionel Fontagné & Irene Iodice & Gianluca Orefice, 2025, "Heterogeneous trade elasticity and managerial skills," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint), HAL, number halshs-05368414, May, DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104093.
• Jean-Luc Gaffard, 2025, "Finance et globalisation : les enjeux d’une mutation," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main), HAL, number hal-05305457, Oct.
• Jean-Luc Gaffard, 2025, "Finance et globalisation : les enjeux d’une mutation," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-05305457, Oct.
• Fida Karam & Hichem Mediouni & Chahir Zaki, 2025, "How does GVC Participation Shape Firms' ESG Compliance?," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-05316559, Oct, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17360568.
• Alex Bao & Philippe Bontems & Jean-Marie Cardebat & Raphaël Chiappini, 2025, "Exporters’ behaviour in the face of climate volatility," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-05400931, Dec.
• Maria Bas & Lionel Fontagné & Irene Iodice & Gianluca Orefice, 2025, "Heterogeneous Trade Elasticity and Managerial Skills," Working Papers, HAL, number halshs-05000273, Mar.
• CHENG, Haitao & YANASE, Akihiko, 2025, "International Transfers of Green Technology and Carbon Mitigation Outcomes," Discussion paper series, Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study, Hitotsubashi University, number HIAS-E-154, Oct.
• Alviarez, Vanessa & Blyde, Juan S., 2025, "Firm-to-Firm Trade Networks: A Focus on Latin America and the Caribbean," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 14092, Apr, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013492.
• Danziger, Eliav & Danziger, Leif, 2025, "Demand Uncertainty and the Optimal Number of Export Destinations," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 17619, Jan.
• Madhuri H. Shastry & Uday Bhanu Sinha, 2025, "Environmental Taxation and Trade Policy: The Role of International Coordination in the Presence of Local Pollutants," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, volume 88, issue 12, pages 3617-3659, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10640-025-01037-2.
• Seonyoung Lim, 2025, "Strategic trade policy in a vertically differentiated market," Journal of Economics, Springer, volume 146, issue 1, pages 59-76, September, DOI: 10.1007/s00712-025-00905-1.
• Anton Hartl, 2025, "Modes of Imperfect Competition in Structural Gravity Models," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, volume 25, issue 1, pages 1-22, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10842-025-00453-w.
• Kangsik Choi & Seonyoung Lim, 2025, "Tariff Protection and Privatization Policy: Endogenous Delegation in an Import-Competing Model," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, volume 25, issue 1, pages 1-18, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10842-025-00454-9.
• James R. Boohaker, 2025, "Multi-Market Contact in International Trade; Evidence from U.S. Battery Exporters," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, volume 25, issue 1, pages 1-34, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10842-025-00458-5.
• Sayaka Takada & Yoshimichi Murakami, 2025, "Trade Liberalization, Wage, and Unemployment: Theory and Evidence from Chile," Discussion Paper Series, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University, number DP2025-04, Mar, revised Apr 2026.
• Qianqian Yang & Nobuaki Hamaguchi, 2025, "Should the Industrial Region Fear Hollowing Out by Raising the Minimum Wage?," Discussion Paper Series, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University, number DP2025-09, May.
• Teuku Riefky & Syahda Sabrina & Mohamad Dian Revindo, 2025, "The Impact of the U.S.-China Tariff War on Trade and Investment in Developing Countries in Disrupted Global Value Chains," Economics and Finance in Indonesia, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, volume 71, pages 15-30, June.
• Masahiro Endoh & Uraku Yoshimoto & Naoto Jinji & Keiko Ito, 2025, "Intrafirm carry-along trade," Discussion papers, Policy Research Institute, Ministry of Finance Japan, number ron384, Oct.
• Sascha O. Becker & Hartmut Egger & Michael Koch & Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2025, "Division of Labor in the Global Economy," Monash Economics Working Papers, Monash University, Department of Economics, number 2025-21, Nov.
• Badis Tabarki, 2025, "Trade Costs, Generalized Demand and Firm Selection," Documents de travail du Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (Paris 1), Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, number 25023, Oct.
• Christopher Clayton & Matteo Maggiori & Jesse Schreger, 2025, "Putting Economics Back into Geoeconomics," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2025, volume 40".
• Felipe Brugués & Ayumu Ken Kikkawa & Yuan Mei & Pablo Robles, 2025, "The Impact of NAFTA on Prices and Competition: Evidence from Mexican Manufacturing Plants," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33516, Feb.
• George A. Alessandria & Shafaat Yar Khan & Armen Khederlarian & Kim J. Ruhl & Joseph B. Steinberg, 2025, "Recovering Credible Trade Elasticities from Incredible Trade Reforms," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33568, Mar.
• Christopher Clayton & Matteo Maggiori & Jesse Schreger, 2025, "Putting Economics Back Into Geoeconomics," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33681, Apr.
• Davin Chor & Lin Ma, 2025, "The Aggregate Welfare and Trade Implications of Contracting Frictions in Global Sourcing," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34044, Jul.
• Kenneth R. Ahern, 2025, "Multinational Firms and Cross-Border Mergers: Theory and Evidence," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34067, Jul.
• Vanessa I. Alviarez & Michele Fioretti & Ken Kikkawa & Monica Morlacco, 2025, "Concentration and Markups in International Trade," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34114, Aug.
• Dominick G. Bartelme & Yuyang Jiang & Konstantin Kucheryavyy & Andrés Rodríguez-Clare, 2025, "Scale Economies, Input-Output Loops, and Trade," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34258, Sep.
• Joseph B. Steinberg, 2025, "Trade Policy Ambiguity," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34408, Oct.
• Sascha O. Becker & Hartmut Egger & Michael Koch & Marc-Andreas Muendler, 2025, "Division of Labor in the Global Economy," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34549, Dec.
• Xiao Ma & Marc-Andreas Muendler & Alejandro Nakab, 2025, "Exporting, Wage Profiles, and Human Capital: Evidence from Brazil," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34580, Dec.
• James Heintz & William Milberg, 2025, "Investing in Power: Unequal Exchange in Global Value Chains," Working Papers, New School for Social Research, Department of Economics, number 2516, Nov.
• Monica Ariana SIM & Anamaria Mirabela POP & Amalia Sturza & Simona-Veronica Caciora, 2025, "EMERGING TREND IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PORPOUSE: A CASE STUDY OF ChatGPT," Oradea Journal of Business and Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, volume 10, issue 1, pages 134-142, March, DOI: http://doi.org/10.47535/1991ojbe211.