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The Labor Market of Immigrants and Non-Immigrants Evidence from the Venezuelan Refugee Crisis

Author

Listed:
  • Leonardo Bonilla-Mejía

    (Banco de la República de Colombia)

  • Leonardo Fabio Morales

    (Banco de la República de Colombia)

  • Didier Hermida-Giraldo

    (Banco de la República de Colombia)

  • Luz A. Flórez

    (Banco de la República de Colombia)

Abstract

Following Venezuela’s economic collapse, millions have fled the country. This paper assesses the impact of this phenomenon on the labor market outcomes of immigrants and non-immigrants in Colombia, the major recipient of refugees. We address potential endogeneity problems using an instrumental variable approach that exploits the regional variation of migrant networks and the timing and intensity of the Venezuelan economic crisis. Migration flows increase unemployment among immigrants, but have no significant effect on nonimmigrants, partly because immigration significantly reduces labor participation, offsetting the negative impact on employment. Employment losses among non-immigrants are mostly driven by self-employed workers and are consistently larger for female, young, and low-skill individuals. The effect on immigrants is mostly driven by foreign immigrants, as the impact on returnees is smaller in magnitude and significance. We also find sizeable negative effects on internal migrants’ labor outcomes and changes in internal migration flows. **** RESUMEN: Debido al colapso económico de Venezuela millones de personas han abandonado el país. Este artículo evalúa el impacto de este fenómeno sobre los indicadores del mercado laboral de los inmigrantes y no inmigrantes en Colombia, el mayor receptor de refugiados desde Venezuela. Abordamos los potenciales problemas de endogeneidad utilizando un enfoque que variables instrumentales, que aprovecha la variación regional de inmigrantes y el periodo e intensidad de la crisis económica de Venezuela. Los resultados sugieren que el flujo migratorio incrementa el desempleo entre los inmigrantes, pero no tiene efectos significativos sobre los no inmigrantes, en parte porque la inmigración reduce significativamente la participación laboral, compensando el efecto negativo sobre el empleo. Las pérdidas de empleo entre los no inmigrantes se deben, principalmente, a los trabajadores por cuenta propia y, en general, son más pronunciadas para las mujeres, los jóvenes y los individuos con baja calificación laboral. El efecto sobre los inmigrantes es impulsado, en gran medida, por los inmigrantes no retornados, el impacto en los retornados, por el contrario, es pequeño en magnitud y significancia. También encontramos un efecto negativo sobre los inmigrantes internos y cambios en los flujos migratorios internos de Colombia.

Suggested Citation

  • Leonardo Bonilla-Mejía & Leonardo Fabio Morales & Didier Hermida-Giraldo & Luz A. Flórez, 2020. "The Labor Market of Immigrants and Non-Immigrants Evidence from the Venezuelan Refugee Crisis," Borradores de Economia 1119, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1119
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.32468/be.1119
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Knight, Brian & Tribin, Ana, 2023. "Immigration and violent crime: Evidence from the Colombia-Venezuela Border," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    2. Miguel Benítez Rueda, 2022. "Migración venezolana y productividad laboral en Colombia," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 52, pages 35-64, December.
    3. Lebow, Jeremy, 2024. "Immigration and occupational downgrading in Colombia," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    4. Pulido, José & Varón, Alejandra, 2024. "Misallocation of the immigrant workforce: Aggregate productivity effects for the host country," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 130(C).
    5. Lukas Delgado-Prieto, 2024. "Immigration, wages, and employment under informal labor markets," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 37(2), pages 1-34, June.
    6. Bahar, Dany & Ibáñez, Ana María & Rozo, Sandra V., 2021. "Give me your tired and your poor: Impact of a large-scale amnesty program for undocumented refugees," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    7. Leonardo Fabio Morales & Carlos Ospino & Nicole Amaral, 2021. "Online Vacancies and its Role in Labor Market Performance," Borradores de Economia 1174, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    8. Andrea Otero Cortés & Oriana Alvarez & Karina Acosta, 2023. "Mercado Laboral y Pobreza en Barranquilla," Documentos de trabajo sobre Economía Regional y Urbana 323, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Migración internacional; mercados laborales; capital humano; Colombia; International migration; labor markets; human capital; Colombia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population
    • J0 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General

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