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Emissions Trading with Transaction Costs

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  • Anouk Faure
  • Marc Baudry
  • Simon Quemin

Abstract

We develop an equilibrium model of emissions permit trading in the presence of fixed and proportional trading costs in which the permit price and firms’ participation in and extent of trading are endogenously determined. We analyze the sensitivity of the equilibrium to changes in the trading costs and firms’ allocations, and characterize situations where the trading costs alternatively depress or raise permit prices relative to frictionless market conditions. We calibrate our model to annual transaction and compliance data in Phase II of the EU ETS (2008-2012) which we consolidate at the firm level. We find that trading costs in the order of 10 k€ per annum plus 1€ per permit traded substantially reduce discrepancies between observations and theoretical predictions for firms’ behavior (e.g. autarkic compliance). Our simulations suggest that ignoring trading costs leads to an underestimation of the price impacts of supply-curbing policies, this difference varying with the incidence on firms.

Suggested Citation

  • Anouk Faure & Marc Baudry & Simon Quemin, 2020. "Emissions Trading with Transaction Costs," EconomiX Working Papers 2020-19, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    • Handle: RePEc:drm:wpaper:2020-19
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    2. Estelle Cantillon & Aurélie Slechten, 2023. "Market Design for the Environment," NBER Chapters, in: New Directions in Market Design, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Doda, Baran & Quemin, Simon & Taschini, Luca, 2019. "Linking permit markets multilaterally," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    4. Anouk Faure & Marc Baudry, 2021. "Technological Progress and Carbon Price Formation: an Analysis of EU-ETS Plants," Working Papers hal-04159764, HAL.
    5. Heijmans, Roweno J.R.K. & Engström, Max, 2024. "Time Horizons and Emissions Trading," Discussion Papers 2024/2, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Business and Management Science.
    6. Quemin, Simon, 2022. "Raising climate ambition in emissions trading systems: The case of the EU ETS and the 2021 review," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    7. Cheng, Peiyue & Wang, Tingsong, 2023. "Optimizing the emission control policies and trade-in program effects: A carbon-constrained closed-loop supply chain network model," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    8. Maogang Tang & Silu Cheng & Wenqing Guo & Weibiao Ma & Fengxia Hu, 2023. "Relationship between carbon emission trading schemes and companies’ total factor productivity: evidence from listed companies in China," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(10), pages 11735-11767, October.
    9. Quemin, Simon & Trotignon, Raphaël, 2021. "Emissions trading with rolling horizons," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    10. Jan Abrell & Johanna Cludius & Sascha Lehmann & Joachim Schleich & Regina Betz, 2022. "Corporate Emissions-Trading Behaviour During the First Decade of the EU ETS," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 83(1), pages 47-83, September.
    11. Simon Quemin, 2020. "Using Supply-Side Policies to Raise Ambition: The Case of the EU ETS and the 2021 Review," Working Papers 2002, Chaire Economie du climat.
    12. Wang, Xinyu & Sethi, Suresh P. & Chang, Shuhua, 2022. "Pollution abatement using cap-and-trade in a dynamic supply chain and its coordination," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Emissions trading; Transaction costs; Policy design and evaluation; EU ETS;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • D23 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
    • H32 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - Firm
    • L22 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Organization and Market Structure
    • Q52 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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