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The SO2 Allowance Trading System: The Ironic History of a Grand Policy Experiment

In: Economics of Environment, Climate Change, and Wine Selected Papers of Robert N Stavins Volume 3 (2011–2023)

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  • Richard Schmalensee
  • Robert N. Stavins

Abstract

In the late 1980s, there was growing concern in the United States and other countries that acid precipitation — the result of emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and, to a lesser extent, nitrogen oxides (NOx) reacting in the atmosphere to form sulfuric and nitric acids — was damaging forests and aquatic ecosystems, particularly in the US Northeast and Southern Canada. In the United States, flue gas emissions from coal-fired, electric generating plants were the primary source of SO2 emissions and a major source of NOx emissions. In response to this and other concerns, the US Congress passed and President George H. W. Bush signed into law the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Title IV of this law (which took up only 16 percent of its total pages) launched a grand experiment in market-based environmental policy: the path-breaking SO2 allowance trading program…

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  • Richard Schmalensee & Robert N. Stavins, 2025. "The SO2 Allowance Trading System: The Ironic History of a Grand Policy Experiment," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Economics of Environment, Climate Change, and Wine Selected Papers of Robert N Stavins Volume 3 (2011–2023), chapter 8, pages 209-233, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:wschap:9789811292415_0008
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    JEL classification:

    • Q5 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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