IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/wodepe/v36y2024ics2452292924000626.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Against Democracy, Neo-totalitarianism, or What? A Cross-Country Dynamic Panel Endogenous Switching Regressing Analysis of Innovation, Economic Growth, and Political Stability

Author

Listed:
  • Frimpong, Stephen

Abstract

Innovation has long been recognized in economic literature as an important source of Schumpeterian disequilibrium for societies’ economic development, but until now, it has played no role in the debate on the political stability of countries regarding its disequilibrating and destabilization role between societal demands and government capabilities. Thus, the extent to which a country’s level of innovation disequilibrates public demands and government capabilities and leads to adverse impacts on political stability has been neglected in the literature. This paper analyzes the effects of innovation on the political stability of countries using 2013–2020 panel data for 121 countries from the World Bank and the World Intellectual Property Organization in static and dynamic simulation frameworks. The paper uses panel endogenous switching regression with control function, the robust Arellano-Bover/Blundell-Bond system dynamic panel model, and other techniques that have never been used before in this subject matter to disentangle the effects of innovation on political stability. The dependent variable is an index measuring political stability, and the explanatory variable indicates a country’s level of innovation. Controls include the country’s institutional, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. Endogeneity is controlled using a combination of traditional instrumental variables, lag variables in dynamic systems, and endogenous treatment models. The findings are that the recent rapid rise and proliferation of innovation negatively correlate with political stability, especially in countries with high levels of innovation production. On average, rising levels of uncontrolled innovation reduce political stability by 48 percent in high-innovation-producing countries relative to low-innovation-producing countries. High institutional quality factors, such as improvement in voice and accountability and the rule of law, moderate the negative relationship between innovation and political stability. The findings confirm the relevance of other-disregarded factors in sustaining and improving political stability and reinforce the importance and urgent need for enhanced regulatory mechanisms for the production, dissemination, and use of innovation.

Suggested Citation

  • Frimpong, Stephen, 2024. "Against Democracy, Neo-totalitarianism, or What? A Cross-Country Dynamic Panel Endogenous Switching Regressing Analysis of Innovation, Economic Growth, and Political Stability," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 36(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:wodepe:v:36:y:2024:i:c:s2452292924000626
    DOI: 10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100625
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2452292924000626
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.wdp.2024.100625?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alexander J. Holmes & Kym Anderson, 2019. "Convergence in National Alcohol Consumption Patterns: New Global Indicators," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Kym Anderson (ed.), The International Economics of Wine, chapter 25, pages 631-670, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    2. Malak Samih Abu Murad & Nooh Alshyab, 2019. "Political instability and its impact on economic growth: the case of Jordan," International Journal of Development Issues, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 18(3), pages 366-380, September.
    3. Feng, Yi, 1997. "Democracy, Political Stability and Economic Growth," British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 27(3), pages 391-418, July.
    4. A. Smith, Jeffrey & E. Todd, Petra, 2005. "Does matching overcome LaLonde's critique of nonexperimental estimators?," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 125(1-2), pages 305-353.
    5. Arellano, Manuel & Bover, Olympia, 1995. "Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-components models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1), pages 29-51, July.
    6. Christoph Lakner & Daniel Gerszon Mahler & Mario Negre & Espen Beer Prydz, 2022. "How much does reducing inequality matter for global poverty?," The Journal of Economic Inequality, Springer;Society for the Study of Economic Inequality, vol. 20(3), pages 559-585, September.
    7. Doris Läpple & Thia Hennessy & Carol Newman, 2013. "Quantifying the Economic Return to Participatory Extension Programmes in Ireland: an Endogenous Switching Regression Analysis," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 64(2), pages 467-482, June.
    8. Laurent Cavenaile & Pau Roldan-Blanco, 2021. "Advertising, Innovation, and Economic Growth," American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 13(3), pages 251-303, July.
    9. Rudra P. Pradhan & Mak B. Arvin & Mahendhiran Nair & Sara E. Bennett & John H. Hall, 2019. "The information revolution, innovation diffusion and economic growth: an examination of causal links in European countries," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 53(3), pages 1529-1563, May.
    10. Suhejla Hoti & Michael McAleer, 2006. "How Does Country Risk Affect Innovation? An Application To Foreign Patents Registered In The Usa," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(4), pages 691-714, September.
    11. Angrist, Joshua D, 1990. "Lifetime Earnings and the Vietnam Era Draft Lottery: Evidence from Social Security Administrative Records," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 80(3), pages 313-336, June.
    12. Nina von Uexkull & Therese Pettersson, 2018. "Issues and Actors in African Nonstate Conflicts: A New Data Set," International Interactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(5), pages 953-968, September.
    13. Jeffrey M Wooldridge, 2010. "Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 2, volume 1, number 0262232588, December.
    14. Juan Dempere & Muhammad Qamar & Hesham Allam & Sabir Malik, 2023. "The Impact of Innovation on Economic Growth, Foreign Direct Investment, and Self-Employment: A Global Perspective," Economies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-22, July.
    15. Salvatore Di Falco & Marcella Veronesi & Mahmud Yesuf, 2011. "Does Adaptation to Climate Change Provide Food Security? A Micro-Perspective from Ethiopia," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 93(3), pages 825-842.
    16. Awudu Abdulai & Wallace Huffman, 2014. "The Adoption and Impact of Soil and Water Conservation Technology: An Endogenous Switching Regression Application," Land Economics, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 90(1), pages 26-43.
    17. Murtazashvili, Irina & Wooldridge, Jeffrey M., 2016. "A control function approach to estimating switching regression models with endogenous explanatory variables and endogenous switching," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 190(2), pages 252-266.
    18. Pradhan, Rudra P. & Arvin, Mak B. & Bahmani, Sahar & Bennett, Sara E., 2017. "The innovation- growth link in OECD countries: Could other macroeconomic variables matter?," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 113-123.
    19. Clionadh Raleigh & Roudabeh Kishi & Andrew Linke, 2023. "Political instability patterns are obscured by conflict dataset scope conditions, sources, and coding choices," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-17, December.
    20. Rana P. Maradana & Rudra P. Pradhan & Saurav Dash & Kunal Gaurav & Manju Jayakumar & Debaleena Chatterjee, 2017. "Does innovation promote economic growth? Evidence from European countries," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 6(1), pages 1-23, December.
    21. Mekki Hamdaoui & Saif Eddine Ayouni & Samir Maktouf, 2022. "Capital Account Liberalization, Political Stability, and Economic Growth," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 13(1), pages 723-772, March.
    22. Imbens, Guido W & Angrist, Joshua D, 1994. "Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 62(2), pages 467-475, March.
    23. Huarng, Kun-Huang & Yu, Tiffany Hui-Kuang, 2022. "Analysis of Global Innovation Index by structural qualitative association," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    24. Menale Kassie & Hailemariam Teklewold & Paswel Marenya & Moti Jaleta & Olaf Erenstein, 2015. "Production Risks and Food Security under Alternative Technology Choices in Malawi: Application of a Multinomial Endogenous Switching Regression," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 66(3), pages 640-659, September.
    25. Angrist, Joshua D., 1991. "Grouped-data estimation and testing in simple labor-supply models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 47(2-3), pages 243-266, February.
    26. Beñat Bilbao‐Osorio & Andrés Rodríguez‐Pose, 2004. "From R&D to Innovation and Economic Growth in the EU," Growth and Change, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(4), pages 434-455, September.
    27. Dirks, Maximilian & Schmidt, Torsten, 2023. "The relationship between political instability and economic growth in advanced economies: Empirical evidence from a panel VAR and a dynamic panel FE-IV analysis," Ruhr Economic Papers 1000, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    28. Lars Leszczensky & Tobias Wolbring, 2022. "How to Deal With Reverse Causality Using Panel Data? Recommendations for Researchers Based on a Simulation Study," Sociological Methods & Research, , vol. 51(2), pages 837-865, May.
    29. Aisen, Ari & Veiga, Francisco José, 2013. "How does political instability affect economic growth?," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 151-167.
    30. Komol Singha & M. Amarjeet Singh, 2022. "Political stability and its effect on economy: some lessons from Sikkim Himalaya," Journal of Social and Economic Development, Springer;Institute for Social and Economic Change, vol. 24(2), pages 340-354, December.
    31. Sweidan Osama D., 2016. "Political Instability and Economic Growth: Evidence from Jordan," Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 12(3), pages 279-300, December.
    32. Allard, Gayle & Martinez, Candace A. & Williams, Christopher, 2012. "Political instability, pro-business market reforms and their impacts on national systems of innovation," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(3), pages 638-651.
    33. Ruml, Anette & Qaim, Matin, 2020. "Effects of marketing contracts and resource-providing contracts in the African small farm sector: Insights from oil palm production in Ghana," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    34. Menale Kassie & Paswel Marenya & Yohannis Tessema & Moti Jaleta & Di Zeng & Olaf Erenstein & Dil Rahut, 2018. "Measuring Farm and Market Level Economic Impacts of Improved Maize Production Technologies in Ethiopia: Evidence from Panel Data," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 69(1), pages 76-95, February.
    35. Arellano, Manuel, 2003. "Panel Data Econometrics," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199245291, Decembrie.
    36. Gersovitz, Mark, 1980. "Classification probabilities for the disequilibrium model," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 239-246, October.
    37. Yang, Hao-Chang & Cai, Yi-Fei & Zhang, Miao-Yin, 2022. "Political risk and green technology improvement: New insights from global evidence," Innovation and Green Development, Elsevier, vol. 1(1).
    38. Zakaria Yakubu & Nanthakumar Loganathan & Tirta Nugraha Mursitama & Abbas Mardani & Syed Abdul Rehman Khan & Asan Ali Golam Hassan, 2020. "Financial Liberalisation, Political Stability, and Economic Determinants of Real Economic Growth in Kenya," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, July.
    39. Teklewold, Hailemariam & Kassie, Menale & Shiferaw, Bekele & Köhlin, Gunnar, 2013. "Cropping system diversification, conservation tillage and modern seed adoption in Ethiopia: Impacts on household income, agrochemical use and demand for labor," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 85-93.
    40. Martin Paldam, 1998. "Does Economic Growth Lead to Political Stability?," International Economic Association Series, in: Silvio Borner & Martin Paldam (ed.), The Political Dimension of Economic Growth, chapter 9, pages 171-190, Palgrave Macmillan.
    41. Richard Williams & Paul D. Allison & Enrique Moral-Benito, 2018. "Linear dynamic panel-data estimation using maximum likelihood and structural equation modeling," Stata Journal, StataCorp LLC, vol. 18(2), pages 293-326, June.
    42. Ghulam Shabbir & Mumtaz Anwar & Shahid Adil, 2016. "Corruption, Political Stability and Economic Growth," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 55(4), pages 689-702.
    43. Angrist, Joshua D, 1990. "Lifetime Earnings and the Vietnam Era Draft Lottery: Evidence from Social Security Administrative Records: Errata," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 80(5), pages 1284-1286, December.
    44. Nicholas M. Kiefer, 1980. "A Note on Regime Classification in Disequilibrium Models," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 47(3), pages 637-639.
    45. Doris Läpple & Fiona Thorne, 2019. "The Role of Innovation in Farm Economic Sustainability: Generalised Propensity Score Evidence from Irish Dairy Farms," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 70(1), pages 178-197, February.
    46. Maha Mohamed Alsebai Mohamed & Pingfeng Liu & Guihua Nie, 2022. "Causality between Technological Innovation and Economic Growth: Evidence from the Economies of Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-39, March.
    47. Hailu, Getu & Boxall, Peter C. & McFarlane, Bonita L., 2005. "The influence of place attachment on recreation demand," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 26(4), pages 581-598, August.
    48. Therese F. Azeng & Thierry Yogo Urbain, 2013. "Working Paper 171 - Youth Unemployment and Political Instability in Selected Developing Countries," Working Paper Series 467, African Development Bank.
    49. Aija Leiponen & Constance E. Helfat, 2010. "Innovation objectives, knowledge sources, and the benefits of breadth," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(2), pages 224-236, February.
    50. Arega Alene & V. Manyong, 2007. "The effects of education on agricultural productivity under traditional and improved technology in northern Nigeria: an endogenous switching regression analysis," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 32(1), pages 141-159, April.
    51. Dario D’Ingiullo & Valentina Evangelista, 2020. "Institutional quality and innovation performance: evidence from Italy," Regional Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(12), pages 1724-1736, December.
    52. Alesina, Alberto & Özler, Sule & Roubini, Nouriel & Swagel, Phillip, 1996. "Political Instability and Economic Growth," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 1(2), pages 189-211, June.
    53. Arega Shumetie & Mulugeta Damie Watabaji, 2019. "Effect of corruption and political instability on enterprises’ innovativeness in Ethiopia: pooled data based," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-19, December.
    54. Williamson, Oliver E., 1992. "Markets, hierarchies, and the modern corporation: An unfolding perspective," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 335-352, May.
    55. Gerguri, Shqipe & Ramadani, Veland, 2010. "The Impact of Innovation into the Economic Growth," MPRA Paper 22270, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    56. Clionadh Raleigh & Roudabeh Kishi & Andrew Linke, 2023. "Correction: Political instability patterns are obscured by conflict dataset scope conditions, sources, and coding choices," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-1, December.
    57. Ramón E. López & Eugenio Figueroa B., 2016. "On the Nexus Between Fiscal Policies and Sustainable Development," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(4), pages 201-219, July.
    58. Muhammad Athar Nadeem & Zhiying Liu & Haji Suleman Ali & Amna Younis & Muhammad Bilal & Yi Xu, 2020. "Innovation and Sustainable Development: Does Aid and Political Instability Impede Innovation?," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(4), pages 21582440209, November.
    59. Manuel Arellano & Stephen Bond, 1991. "Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 58(2), pages 277-297.
    60. Poh Wong & Yuen Ho & Erkko Autio, 2005. "Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth: Evidence from GEM data," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 335-350, January.
    61. Keith O. Fuglie & Darrell J. Bosch, 1995. "Economic and Environmental Implications of Soil Nitrogen Testing: A Switching-Regression Analysis," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 77(4), pages 891-900.
    62. Windmeijer, Frank, 2005. "A finite sample correction for the variance of linear efficient two-step GMM estimators," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 126(1), pages 25-51, May.
    63. Lee, Lung-Fei & Porter, Robert H, 1984. "Switching Regression Models with Imperfect Sample Separation Information-With an Application on Cartel Stability," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 52(2), pages 391-418, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Auci, Sabrina & Pronti, Andrea, 2023. "Irrigation technology adaptation for a sustainable agriculture: A panel endogenous switching analysis on the Italian farmland productivity," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    2. Sabrina Auci & Andrea Pronti, 2020. "Innovation in Irrigation Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture: An Endogenous Switching Analysis on Italian Farms’ Land Productivity," SEEDS Working Papers 1220, SEEDS, Sustainability Environmental Economics and Dynamics Studies, revised Dec 2020.
    3. Muhammad Athar Nadeem & Zhiying Liu & Haji Suleman Ali & Amna Younis & Muhammad Bilal & Yi Xu, 2020. "Innovation and Sustainable Development: Does Aid and Political Instability Impede Innovation?," SAGE Open, , vol. 10(4), pages 21582440209, November.
    4. Marie Lassalas & Sabine Duvaleix & Laure Latruffe, 2024. "The technical and economic effects of biodiversity standards on wheat production," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 51(2), pages 275-308.
    5. Martey, Edward & Etwire, Prince Maxwell & Abdoulaye, Tahirou, 2020. "Welfare impacts of climate-smart agriculture in Ghana: Does row planting and drought-tolerant maize varieties matter?," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    6. Nguyen, Canh Phuc & Doytch, Nadia, 2022. "The impact of ICT patents on economic growth: An international evidence," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(5).
    7. Tufa, Adane Hirpa & Alene, Arega D. & Manda, Julius & Akinwale, M.G. & Chikoye, David & Feleke, Shiferaw & Wossen, Tesfamicheal & Manyong, Victor, 2019. "The productivity and income effects of adoption of improved soybean varieties and agronomic practices in Malawi," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 1-1.
    8. Chletsos, Michael & Sintos, Andreas, 2024. "Political stability and financial development: An empirical investigation," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 252-266.
    9. Uddin, Md Akther & Ali, Md Hakim & Masih, Mansur, 2017. "Political stability and growth: An application of dynamic GMM and quantile regression," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 610-625.
    10. Uddin, Md Akther & Masih, Mansur, 2016. "War and peace: why is political stability pivotal for economic growth of OIC countries?," MPRA Paper 71678, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Arne Henningsen & Guy Low & David Wuepper & Tobias Dalhaus & Hugo Storm & Dagim Belay & Stefan Hirsch, 2024. "Estimating Causal Effects with Observational Data: Guidelines for Agricultural and Applied Economists," IFRO Working Paper 2024/03, University of Copenhagen, Department of Food and Resource Economics.
    12. Song, Chunxiao & Liu, Ruifeng & Oxley, Oxley & Ma, Hengyun, 2018. "The adoption and impact of engineering-type measures to address climate change: evidence from the major grain-producing areas in China," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 62(4), October.
    13. Wang, Jun-Zhuo & Feng, Gen-Fu & Chang, Chun-Ping, 2024. "How does political instability affect renewable energy innovation?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    14. Hayakawa, Kazuhiko, 2019. "Alternative over-identifying restriction test in the GMM estimation of panel data models," Econometrics and Statistics, Elsevier, vol. 10(C), pages 71-95.
    15. Klaus Gründler & Tommy Krieger, 2015. "Democracy and Growth: Evidence of a New Measurement," CESifo Working Paper Series 5647, CESifo.
    16. Yong Liu & Jorge Ruiz-Menjivar & Junbiao Zhang, 2023. "Do soil nutrient management practices improve climate resilience? Empirical evidence from rice farmers in central China," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(9), pages 10029-10054, September.
    17. Ojo, Temitope O. & Baiyegunhi, Lloyd J.S & Adetoro, Adetoso A. & Ogundeji, Abiodun A., 2021. "Adoption of Soil and Water Conservation Technology and Its Impact on the Productivity of Smallholder Rice Farmers in Southwest, Nigeria," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 314981, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    18. Kumar, Suresh & Singh, Dharm Raj & Mondal, Biswajit & Palanisamy, Venkatesh & Kumar, Anil, 2021. "Does Adoption of Soil Bund Increase Sorghum Productivity? Some Empirical Evidence from Drought Prone Areas of Karnataka, India," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315343, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    19. Manda, Julius & Alene, Arega D. & Tufa, Adane H. & Abdoulaye, Tahirou & Wossen, Tesfamicheal & Chikoye, David & Manyong, Victor, 2019. "The poverty impacts of improved cowpea varieties in Nigeria: A counterfactual analysis," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 261-271.
    20. Nsabimana, Aimable & Adom, Philip Kofi, 2024. "Heterogeneous effects from integrated farm innovations on welfare in Rwanda," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 33(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:wodepe:v:36:y:2024:i:c:s2452292924000626. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/world-development-perspectives .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.