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Trends in commuting time of European workers: A cross-country analysis

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  • Giménez-Nadal, José Ignacio
  • Molina, José Alberto
  • Velilla, Jorge

Abstract

This paper examines the time spent commuting to/from work by workers in fifteen European countries, during the last three decades, with the aim of analyzing recent trends in commuting and the factors affecting commuting behavior. Using data from several waves of the European Working Conditions Survey, results show a significant gender gap in commuting time in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and the UK, with male workers devoting more time to commuting than their female counterparts. We further explore the factors related to commuting time, documenting a level of heterogeneity in commuting behavior as certain determinants of commuting time differ across countries. By analyzing the evolution of commuting time in Europe in recent decades, and the associated factors, our analysis may serve to guide future planning programs.

Suggested Citation

  • Giménez-Nadal, José Ignacio & Molina, José Alberto & Velilla, Jorge, 2022. "Trends in commuting time of European workers: A cross-country analysis," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 327-342.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:trapol:v:116:y:2022:i:c:p:327-342
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.12.016
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Commuting time; European working conditions survey; Trends; Gender gap; Socio-demographic factors;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • R40 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - General
    • O57 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Comparative Studies of Countries

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