IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/quaeco/v101y2025ics1062976925000183.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Dynamics of asymmetric connectedness among magnificent seven technology giants: Insights from QVAR analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Umar, Zaghum
  • Hadad, Elroi
  • Phiri, Andrew
  • Teplova, Tamara

Abstract

This paper studies the return and volatility spillover among the seven largest technology companies (including Apple, Microsoft, Amazon, Alphabet (Google), Meta Platforms (formerly Facebook), Tesla, and Nvidia) referred to as Magnificent seven. We employ a quantile connected approach to study spillover and connectedness under different market conditions. We observe a high degree of interconnectedness in the returns of these firms, with equities transitioning between roles as net receivers and transmitters across various market conditions. Notably, the influence of market size is apparent, with larger-cap firms predominantly acting as net transmitters, while smaller-cap counterparts serve as net receivers. We also identify asymmetry between quantiles, particularly evident in left tails, underscoring the significance of idiosyncratic shocks. Our findings have important implications for policy makers, investors and regulators.

Suggested Citation

  • Umar, Zaghum & Hadad, Elroi & Phiri, Andrew & Teplova, Tamara, 2025. "Dynamics of asymmetric connectedness among magnificent seven technology giants: Insights from QVAR analysis," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:quaeco:v:101:y:2025:i:c:s1062976925000183
    DOI: 10.1016/j.qref.2025.101977
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1062976925000183
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.qref.2025.101977?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Guo, Hui, 2006. "Time-varying risk premia and the cross section of stock returns," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(7), pages 2087-2107, July.
    2. Kamal, Javed Bin & Hassan, M. Kabir, 2022. "Asymmetric connectedness between cryptocurrency environment attention index and green assets," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 25(C).
    3. Diebold, Francis X. & Yılmaz, Kamil, 2014. "On the network topology of variance decompositions: Measuring the connectedness of financial firms," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 182(1), pages 119-134.
    4. Gompers, Paul A. & Kaplan, Steven N. & Mukharlyamov, Vladimir, 2022. "Private equity and Covid-19," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    5. Benjamin M. Blau, 2019. "Price Clustering and Investor Sentiment," Journal of Behavioral Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 20(1), pages 19-30, January.
    6. Kwiatkowski, Denis & Phillips, Peter C. B. & Schmidt, Peter & Shin, Yongcheol, 1992. "Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root : How sure are we that economic time series have a unit root?," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 54(1-3), pages 159-178.
    7. Adam B. Jaffe & Manuel Trajtenberg & Rebecca Henderson, 1993. "Geographic Localization of Knowledge Spillovers as Evidenced by Patent Citations," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 108(3), pages 577-598.
    8. Malcolm Baker & Jeffrey Wurgler, 2006. "Investor Sentiment and the Cross‐Section of Stock Returns," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 61(4), pages 1645-1680, August.
    9. Pinglin He & Yulong Sun & Ying Zhang & Tao Li, 2020. "COVID–19’s Impact on Stock Prices Across Different Sectors—An Event Study Based on the Chinese Stock Market," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(10), pages 2198-2212, August.
    10. Nicholas Bloom & Mark Schankerman & John Van Reenen, 2013. "Identifying Technology Spillovers and Product Market Rivalry," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 81(4), pages 1347-1393, July.
    11. Stefano Ramelli & Alexander F Wagner, 2020. "Feverish Stock Price Reactions to COVID-19," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 9(3), pages 622-655.
    12. Bouri, Elie & Demirer, Riza & Gabauer, David & Gupta, Rangan, 2022. "Financial market connectedness: The role of investors’ happiness," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    13. Weale, Martin & Wieladek, Tomasz, 2022. "Financial effects of QE and conventional monetary policy compared," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    14. Lee, Charles M.C. & Sun, Stephen Teng & Wang, Rongfei & Zhang, Ran, 2019. "Technological links and predictable returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(3), pages 76-96.
    15. Malcolm Baker & Jeffrey Wurgler, 2007. "Investor Sentiment in the Stock Market," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 21(2), pages 129-152, Spring.
    16. Lyócsa, Štefan & Baumöhl, Eduard & Výrost, Tomáš & Molnár, Peter, 2020. "Fear of the coronavirus and the stock markets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 36(C).
    17. Corbet, Shaen & Dunne, John James & Larkin, Charles, 2019. "Quantitative easing announcements and high-frequency stock market volatility: Evidence from the United States," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 321-334.
    18. Balcilar, Mehmet & Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin & Ozdemir, Huseyin & Aygun, Gurcan & Wohar, Mark E., 2022. "The macroeconomic impact of economic uncertainty and financial shocks under low and high financial stress," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    19. Elliott, Graham & Rothenberg, Thomas J & Stock, James H, 1996. "Efficient Tests for an Autoregressive Unit Root," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 64(4), pages 813-836, July.
    20. Umar, Zaghum & Trabelsi, Nader & Alqahtani, Faisal, 2021. "Connectedness between cryptocurrency and technology sectors: International evidence," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 910-922.
    21. Chu, Angus C. & Cozzi, Guido & Lai, Ching-Chong & Liao, Chih-Hsing, 2015. "Inflation, R&D and growth in an open economy," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(2), pages 360-374.
    22. Aharon, David Y. & Demir, Ender, 2022. "NFTs and asset class spillovers: Lessons from the period around the COVID-19 pandemic," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PA).
    23. Amirreza Attarzadeh & Mehmet Balcilar, 2022. "On the Dynamic Connectedness of the Stock, Oil, Clean Energy, and Technology Markets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, March.
    24. Ajay Bandi & Pydi Venkata Satya Ramesh Adapa & Yudu Eswar Vinay Pratap Kumar Kuchi, 2023. "The Power of Generative AI: A Review of Requirements, Models, Input–Output Formats, Evaluation Metrics, and Challenges," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-60, July.
    25. Choi, Sun-Yong & Hadad, Elroi, 2025. "The dynamic relationship among economic and monetary policy, geopolitical risk, sentiment, and risk aversion: A TVP-VAR approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    26. James R. Brown & Steven M. Fazzari & Bruce C. Petersen, 2009. "Financing Innovation and Growth: Cash Flow, External Equity, and the 1990s R&D Boom," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 64(1), pages 151-185, February.
    27. Koop, Gary & Pesaran, M. Hashem & Potter, Simon M., 1996. "Impulse response analysis in nonlinear multivariate models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 74(1), pages 119-147, September.
    28. Lubo? P?tor & Pietro Veronesi, 2009. "Technological Revolutions and Stock Prices," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 99(4), pages 1451-1483, September.
    29. Verma, Rahul & Verma, Priti, 2007. "Noise trading and stock market volatility," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 231-243, July.
    30. Nicolae Gârleanu & Stavros Panageas & Jianfeng Yu, 2012. "Technological Growth and Asset Pricing," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 67(4), pages 1265-1292, August.
    31. Hutton, Amy P. & Marcus, Alan J. & Tehranian, Hassan, 2009. "Opaque financial reports, R2, and crash risk," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(1), pages 67-86, October.
    32. Pesaran, H. Hashem & Shin, Yongcheol, 1998. "Generalized impulse response analysis in linear multivariate models," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 58(1), pages 17-29, January.
    33. Umar, Zaghum & Polat, Onur & Choi, Sun-Yong & Teplova, Tamara, 2022. "The impact of the Russia-Ukraine conflict on the connectedness of financial markets," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    34. Koutoulas, George & Kryzanowski, Lawrence, 1996. "Macrofactor Conditional Volatilities, Time-Varying Risk Premia and Stock Return Behavior," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 31(1), pages 169-195, February.
    35. Hadad, Elroi & Malhotra, Davinder & Vasileiou, Evangelos, 2024. "Risk spillovers and optimal hedging in commodity ETFs: A TVP-VAR Approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    36. Arfaoui, Mongi & Chkili, Walid & Ben Rejeb, Aymen, 2022. "Asymmetric and dynamic links in GCC Sukuk-stocks: Implications for portfolio management before and during the COVID-19 pandemic," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 25(C).
    37. Shah, Adil Ahmad & Dar, Arif Billah, 2022. "Asymmetric, time and frequency-based spillover transmission in financial and commodity markets," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 25(C).
    38. S. P. Kothari & Susan Shu & Peter D. Wysocki, 2009. "Do Managers Withhold Bad News?," Journal of Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 47(1), pages 241-276, March.
    39. Jarque, Carlos M. & Bera, Anil K., 1980. "Efficient tests for normality, homoscedasticity and serial independence of regression residuals," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 6(3), pages 255-259.
    40. Fang, Libing & Yu, Honghai & Huang, Yingbo, 2018. "The role of investor sentiment in the long-term correlation between U.S. stock and bond markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 127-139.
    41. Bossman, Ahmed & Umar, Zaghum & Teplova, Tamara, 2022. "Modelling the asymmetric effect of COVID-19 on REIT returns: A quantile-on-quantile regression analysis," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 26(C).
    42. Guiso, Luigi, 1998. "High-tech firms and credit rationing," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 39-59, March.
    43. Hossain, Ashrafee T. & Masum, Abdullah-Al & Xu, Jian, 2023. "COVID-19, a blessing in disguise for the Tech sector: Evidence from stock price crash risk," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    44. Tālis J. Putniņš, 2022. "Free Markets to Fed Markets: How Modern Monetary Policy Impacts Equity Markets," Financial Analysts Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 78(2), pages 35-56, April.
    45. Mookerjee, Rajen & Yu, Qiao, 1999. "An empirical analysis of the equity markets in China," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 41-60, June.
    46. Shigeki Ono, 2020. "Impacts of conventional and unconventional US monetary policies on global financial markets," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 1-24, February.
    47. Elroi Hadad & Thai Hong Le & Anh Tram Luong, 2024. "Quantile Spillovers and Connectedness Between Real Estate Investment Trust, the Housing Market, and Investor Sentiment," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-22, November.
    48. Syed Jawad Hussain Shahzad & Elie Bouri & Ladislav Kristoufek & Tareq Saeed, 2021. "Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the US equity sectors: Evidence from quantile return spillovers," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-23, December.
    49. Iwanicz-Drozdowska, Małgorzata & Rogowicz, Karol & Kurowski, Łukasz & Smaga, Paweł, 2021. "Two decades of contagion effect on stock markets: Which events are more contagious?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    50. Daron Acemoglu & Vasco M. Carvalho & Asuman Ozdaglar & Alireza Tahbaz‐Salehi, 2012. "The Network Origins of Aggregate Fluctuations," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 80(5), pages 1977-2016, September.
    51. Dickey, David A & Fuller, Wayne A, 1981. "Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(4), pages 1057-1072, June.
    52. Yi Jiang & Yiming Qian & Tong Yao, 2016. "R&D Spillover and Predictable Returns," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 20(5), pages 1769-1797.
    53. Rajen Mookerjee & Qiao Yu, 1999. "An empirical analysis of the equity markets in China," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 8(1), pages 41-60.
    54. Afees A. Salisu & Lukman Lasisi & Jean Paul Tchankam, 2022. "Historical geopolitical risk and the behaviour of stock returns in advanced economies," The European Journal of Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(9), pages 889-906, June.
    55. Huang, Shoujun & Liu, Hezhe, 2021. "Impact of COVID-19 on stock price crash risk: Evidence from Chinese energy firms," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    56. Tomohiro Ando & Matthew Greenwood-Nimmo & Yongcheol Shin, 2022. "Quantile Connectedness: Modeling Tail Behavior in the Topology of Financial Networks," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(4), pages 2401-2431, April.
    57. Smales, L.A., 2021. "Geopolitical risk and volatility spillovers in oil and stock markets," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 358-366.
    58. Fama, Eugene F, et al, 1969. "The Adjustment of Stock Prices to New Information," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 10(1), pages 1-21, February.
    59. Fung, Michael K., 2003. "Technological proximity and co-movements of stock returns," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 79(1), pages 131-136, April.
    60. Diebold, Francis X. & Yilmaz, Kamil, 2012. "Better to give than to receive: Predictive directional measurement of volatility spillovers," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 57-66.
    61. Alshater, Muneer M. & Alqaralleh, Huthaifa & El Khoury, Rim, 2023. "Dynamic asymmetric connectedness in technological sectors," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 27(C).
    62. Koenker, Roger W & Bassett, Gilbert, Jr, 1978. "Regression Quantiles," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 46(1), pages 33-50, January.
    63. Elsayed, Ahmed H. & Nasreen, Samia & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar, 2020. "Time-varying co-movements between energy market and global financial markets: Implication for portfolio diversification and hedging strategies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    64. Howard Kung & Lukas Schmid, 2015. "Innovation, Growth, and Asset Prices," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 70(3), pages 1001-1037, June.
    65. L.A. Smales, 2017. "The importance of fear: investor sentiment and stock market returns," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 49(34), pages 3395-3421, July.
    66. Jalloul, Maya & Miescu, Mirela, 2023. "Equity market connectedness across regimes of geopolitical risks: Historical evidence and theory," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    67. Bruce Q. Budd, 2018. "The transmission of international stock market volatilities," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 42(1), pages 155-173, January.
    68. Nikolaos Antonakakis & Ioannis Chatziantoniou & David Gabauer, 2020. "Refined Measures of Dynamic Connectedness based on Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressions," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-23, April.
    69. Hadad, Elroi & Kedar-Levy, Haim, 2024. "The impact of retail investor sentiment on the conditional volatility of stocks and bonds: Evidence from the Tel-Aviv stock exchange," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PA), pages 1303-1313.
    70. Richard C. K. Burdekin & Eric Hughson & Jinlin Gu, 2018. "A first look at Brexit and global equity markets," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(2), pages 136-140, January.
    71. Evers, Michael & Niemann, Stefan & Schiffbauer, Marc, 2020. "Inflation, liquidity and innovation," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    72. Pinglin He & Yulong Sun & Ying Zhang & Tao Li, 2020. "COVID–19’s Impact on Stock Prices Across Different Sectors—An Event Study Based on the Chinese Stock Market," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(10), pages 2198-2212, August.
    73. Choi, Sun-Yong & Phiri, Andrew & Teplova, Tamara & Umar, Zaghum, 2024. "Connectedness between (un)conventional monetary policy and islamic and advanced equity markets: A returns and volatility spillover analysis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 348-363.
    74. Hsu, Po-Hsuan & Huang, Dayong, 2010. "Technology prospects and the cross-section of stock returns," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(1), pages 39-53, January.
    75. Thomas J. Fisher & Colin M. Gallagher, 2012. "New Weighted Portmanteau Statistics for Time Series Goodness of Fit Testing," Journal of the American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 107(498), pages 777-787, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hadad, Elroi & Malhotra, Davinder & Vasileiou, Evangelos, 2024. "Risk spillovers and optimal hedging in commodity ETFs: A TVP-VAR Approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    2. Alshater, Muneer M. & Alqaralleh, Huthaifa & El Khoury, Rim, 2023. "Dynamic asymmetric connectedness in technological sectors," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 27(C).
    3. Choi, Sun-Yong & Hadad, Elroi, 2025. "The dynamic relationship among economic and monetary policy, geopolitical risk, sentiment, and risk aversion: A TVP-VAR approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    4. Buchetti, Bruno & Bouteska, Ahmed & Harasheh, Murad & Santoni, Alessandro, 2025. "Investor sentiment and dynamic connectedness in European markets: insights from the covid-19 and Russia-Ukraine conflict," Working Paper Series 3050, European Central Bank.
    5. Nyakurukwa, Kingstone & Seetharam, Yudhvir, 2023. "Quantile and asymmetric return connectedness among BRICS stock markets," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, vol. 27(C).
    6. Shang, Jin & Hamori, Shigeyuki, 2024. "Quantile time-frequency connectedness analysis between crude oil, gold, financial markets, and macroeconomic indicators: Evidence from the US and EU," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    7. Le, Thai Hong & Luong, Anh Tram, 2022. "Dynamic spillovers between oil price, stock market, and investor sentiment: Evidence from the United States and Vietnam," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    8. Abakah, Emmanuel Joel Aikins & Brahim, Mariem & Carlotti, Jean-Etienne & Tiwari, Aviral Kumar & Mensi, Walid, 2024. "Extreme downside risk connectedness and portfolio hedging among the G10 currencies," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    9. Han, SeungOh, 2025. "Dynamic hedging strategies for U.S. investors in international stock ETFs following geopolitical conflicts," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    10. Juncal Cunado & David Gabauer & Rangan Gupta & Chien-Chiang Lee, 2025. "On the propagation mechanism of international real interest rate spillovers: evidence from more than 200 years of data," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(7), pages 790-804, February.
    11. Bouri, Elie & Cepni, Oguzhan & Gabauer, David & Gupta, Rangan, 2021. "Return connectedness across asset classes around the COVID-19 outbreak," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    12. Aharon, David Y. & Ali, Shoaib & Brahim, Mariem, 2024. "Connectedness at extremes between real estate tokens and real estate stocks," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PB).
    13. Gabauer, David & Gupta, Rangan, 2020. "Spillovers across macroeconomic, financial and real estate uncertainties: A time-varying approach," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 167-173.
    14. Xu, Danyang & Hu, Yang & Oxley, Les & Lin, Boqiang & He, Yongda, 2025. "Exploring the connectedness between major volatility indexes and worldwide sustainable investments," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    15. Waild Mensi & Mariya Gubareva & Khamis Hamed Al-Yahyaee & Tamara Teplova & Sang Hoon Kang, 2024. "Extreme connectedness between cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens: portfolio implications," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 10(1), pages 1-27, December.
    16. Chatziantoniou, Ioannis & Gabauer, David, 2021. "EMU risk-synchronisation and financial fragility through the prism of dynamic connectedness," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1-14.
    17. Juncal Cunado & David Gabauer & Rangan Gupta, 2024. "Realized volatility spillovers between energy and metal markets: a time-varying connectedness approach," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 10(1), pages 1-17, December.
    18. Le, Trung H. & Pham, Linh & Do, Hung X., 2023. "Price risk transmissions in the water-energy-food nexus: Impacts of climate risks and portfolio implications," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
    19. Nikolaos Antonakakis & Ioannis Chatziantoniou & David Gabauer, 2021. "The impact of Euro through time: Exchange rate dynamics under different regimes," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(1), pages 1375-1408, January.
    20. Chatziantoniou, Ioannis & Gabauer, David & Stenfors, Alexis, 2020. "From CIP-deviations to a market for risk premia: A dynamic investigation of cross-currency basis swaps," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    JEL classification:

    • G1 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G15 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - International Financial Markets

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:quaeco:v:101:y:2025:i:c:s1062976925000183. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/620167 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.