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The impact of EU's energy labeling policy: An econometric analysis of increased transparency in the market for cold appliances in Denmark

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  • Bjerregaard, Casper
  • Møller, Niels Framroze

Abstract

In 2010 the EU decided to change the energy efficiency label for electrical appliances, so that the most effective appliances became more visible to consumers. We apply a Cointegrated Vector-Auto-Regressive (CVAR) model to assess the quantitative impact of this change on monthly sales (2005–2017) in the Danish markets for cold appliances of high and low efficiencies. The data support large effects with the expected signs. In particular, we find that the change increased sales of high-efficiency appliances by 55%, at the announcement, and by a further 42% when implemented. Sales of low-efficiency appliances were not affected by the announcement, but decreased, as a result of the implementation for online sales by 45%. These conclusions derive from the analysis of a well-specified VAR within which we take into account sample dependence, outliers and exogenous level shifts.

Suggested Citation

  • Bjerregaard, Casper & Møller, Niels Framroze, 2019. "The impact of EU's energy labeling policy: An econometric analysis of increased transparency in the market for cold appliances in Denmark," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 891-899.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:128:y:2019:i:c:p:891-899
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.01.057
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Søren Johansen & Rocco Mosconi & Bent Nielsen, 2000. "Cointegration analysis in the presence of structural breaks in the deterministic trend," Econometrics Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 3(2), pages 216-249.
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    1. Mieko Fujisawa & Kazuhisa Takemura & Yukihiko Funaki & Nobuyuki Uto & Ryo Takahashi, 2020. "An Experimental Study of the Effect of Energy Label Design on the Correct Evaluation of Buildings' Energy Performance and Promotion of Energy Saving," International Real Estate Review, Asian Real Estate Society, vol. 23(1), pages 733-762.
    2. Cheng, Zhiqiang & Zhang, Xiwen & Cai, Jinyang, 2025. "Appliance energy efficiency policies and electricity consumption: Evidence from China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    3. Faure, Corinne & Guetlein, Marie-Charlotte & Schleich, Joachim, 2021. "Effects of rescaling the EU energy label on household preferences for top-rated appliances," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    4. Kesselring, Anne, 2025. "Energy labels in the European Union: Consumer inattention and producer responses," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    5. Bertoldi, Paolo & Mosconi, Rocco, 2020. "Do energy efficiency policies save energy? A new approach based on energy policy indicators (in the EU Member States)," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    6. Nakaishi, Tomoaki & Chapman, Andrew, 2024. "Eco-labels as a communication and policy tool: A comprehensive review of academic literature and global label initiatives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    7. Schleich, Joachim & Durand, Antoine & Brugger, Heike, 2021. "How effective are EU minimum energy performance standards and energy labels for cold appliances?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).

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    JEL classification:

    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • Q4 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy

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