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Measuring Global Value Chains

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  • Robert C. Johnson

    (Department of Economics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA)

Abstract

Recent decades have seen the emergence of global value chains (GVCs), in which production stages for individual goods are broken apart and scattered across countries. Stimulated by these developments, there has been rapid progress in data and methods for measuring GVC linkages. The macro approach to measuring GVCs connects national input?output tables across borders by using bilateral trade data to construct global input?output tables. These tables have been applied to measure trade in value added, the length of and location of producers in GVCs, and price linkages across countries. The micro approach uses firm-level data to document firms? input sourcing decisions, how import and export participation are linked, and how multinational firms organize their production networks. In this review, I evaluate progress in these two approaches, highlighting points of contact between them and areas that demand further work. I argue that further convergence between these approaches can strengthen both, yielding a more complete empirical portrait of GVCs.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert C. Johnson, 2018. "Measuring Global Value Chains," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 10(1), pages 207-236, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:anr:reveco:v:10:y:2018:p:207-236
    DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-080217-053600
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    2. Borin, Alessandro & Mancini, Michele, 2017. "Follow the Value Added: Tracking Bilateral Relations in Global Value Chains," MPRA Paper 82692, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Rita Cappariello & Milan Damjanovic & Michele Mancini & Filippo Vergara Caffarelli, 2018. "EU-UK global value chain trade and the indirect costs of Brexit," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 468, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    4. Ilaria Fusacchia & Jean Balié & Luca Salvatici, 2022. "The AfCFTA impact on agricultural and food trade: a value added perspective," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 49(1), pages 237-284.
    5. Mateo Ortiz & María‐Ángeles Cadarso & Luis‐Antonio López, 2020. "The carbon footprint of foreign multinationals within the European Union," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 24(6), pages 1287-1299, December.
    6. Gaulier, Guillaume & Sztulman, Aude & Ünal, Deniz, 2020. "Are global value chains receding? The jury is still out. Key findings from the analysis of deflated world trade in parts and components," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 219-236.
    7. Gaurav Khanna & Nicolas Morales & Nitya Pandalai-Nayar, 2022. "Supply Chain Resilience: Evidence from Indian Firms," NBER Working Papers 30689, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Rita Cappariello & Sebastian Franco-Bedoya & Vanessa Gunnella & Gianmarco I. P. Ottaviano, 2020. "Rising protectionism and global value chains: quantifying the general equilibrium effects," CEP Discussion Papers dp1682, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    9. Robert Stehrer, 2021. "Source – Assembly – Sink: Value Added Flows in the Global Economy," wiiw Working Papers 209, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw.
    10. Antrà s, Pol & Chor, Davin, 2017. "On the Measurement of Upstreamness and Downstreamness in Global Value Chains," CEPR Discussion Papers 12549, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    11. Ni Hongfu, 2024. "Cumulative Tariff Cost Rate and Structure in the Global Value Chain: A Theoretical and Empirical Study," China Finance and Economic Review, De Gruyter, vol. 13(3), pages 3-23.
    12. Peter J. Buckley & Roger Strange & Marcel P. Timmer & Gaaitzen J. de Vries, 2020. "Catching-up in the global factory: Analysis and policy implications," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 3(2), pages 79-106, June.
    13. Matthew Grant, 2020. "Why Special Economic Zones? Using Trade Policy to Discriminate across Importers," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 110(5), pages 1540-1571, May.
    14. Hertwich, Edgar G., 2020. "Carbon fueling complex global value chains tripled in the period 1995–2012," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    15. Vera Santomartino & Barbara Bratta & Paolo Acciari, . "Analysing MNEs structure and activities using country-by-country reports. Evidence from the Italian dataset," UNCTAD Transnational Corporations Journal, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
    16. Nacewska-Twardowska Aleksandra, 2022. "Poland and global value chains at the beginning of the 21st century – An opportunity or a threat?," International Journal of Management and Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of World Economy, vol. 58(1), pages 33-43, March.
    17. Filippo Bontadini & Rinaldo Evangelista & Valentina Meliciani & Maria Savona, 2019. "Integration in Global Value Chains and Employment in Europe," SPRU Working Paper Series 2019-16, SPRU - Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex Business School.
    18. Yılmaz Kılıçaslan & Uğur Aytun & Oytun Meçik, 2021. "Global value chain integration and productivity: the case of Turkish manufacturing firms," Middle East Development Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(1), pages 150-171, January.
    19. Luis-Antonio López & Mateo Ortiz & Ángela García-Alaminos & María-Ángeles Cadarso, 2025. "Consequences of legislation-based reshoring for EU carbon emissions in global value chains," Journal of International Business Policy, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 8(3), pages 298-318, September.
    20. Filippo Bontadini, 2019. "Trade Specialisation and Performance in Global Value Chains," SPRU Working Paper Series 2019-10, SPRU - Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex Business School.
    21. Stefan Pahl & Marcel P. Timmer, 2019. "Patterns of vertical specialisation in trade: long-run evidence for 91 countries," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 155(3), pages 459-486, August.
    22. Marcel P Timmer & Sébastien Miroudot & Gaaitzen J de Vries, 2019. "Functional specialisation in trade," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 19(1), pages 1-30.
    23. Peirui Wu & Haining Chen, 2025. "Assessing the Global Environmental Benefits of Global-Value-Chain Integration Through the Lens of Embodied Carbon: An Empirical Study Based on the Trading of Intermediate Goods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-20, February.

    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • F1 - International Economics - - Trade
    • F4 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
    • F6 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization

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