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Should Central Banks Issue Digital Currency?

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Dong, Mei & Xiao, Sylvia Xiaolin, 2024. "Idle liquidity, CBDC and banking," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
  2. Iwasaki, Kohei, 2024. "Credibility of central banks in monetary economies," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
  3. Jonathan Chiu & Seyed Mohammadreza Davoodalhosseini & Janet Jiang & Yu Zhu, 2023. "Bank Market Power and Central Bank Digital Currency: Theory and Quantitative Assessment," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 131(5), pages 1213-1248.
  4. Grodecka-Messi, Anna & Zhang, Xin, 2023. "Private bank money vs central bank money: A historical lesson for CBDC introduction," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
  5. Xiang, Lijin & Feng, Chao & Xiao, Zumian & Liu, Jianjian, 2024. "The impact of central bank digital currency on macroeconomic dynamics: A DSGE analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
  6. Agur, Itai & Ari, Anil & Dell’Ariccia, Giovanni, 2022. "Designing central bank digital currencies," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 62-79.
  7. Andrej Sokol & Michael Kumhof & Marco Pinchetti & Phurichai Rungcharoenkitkul, 2023. "CBDC policies in open economies," BIS Working Papers 1086, Bank for International Settlements.
  8. Constanza Martínez-Ventura & Julián A. Parra-Polanía & Tatiana Mora-Arbeláez & Angélica Lizarazo-Cuéllar, 2023. "Expected Macroeconomic Effects of Issuing a Retail Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 53, pages 151-177.
  9. Muchen Li & Shining Guo & Qianyi Zhang, 2025. "The Impact of Central Bank Digital Currency on Rural Revitalization: An Empirical Analysis of Data from 284 Cities in China," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(3), pages 21582440251, September.
  10. Du, Weijian & Li, Mengjie, 2025. "Corporations’ digital attitude and digital technology innovation: Are the heart and mouth in agreement or not?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
  11. Zhang, Xuanyu & Fan, Xiaoyun, 2025. "On the demand for various CBDC designs: A quantitative decomposition of currency spill-over based on the complementary role," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
  12. Sally Chen & Tirupam Goel & Han Qiu & Ilhyock Shim, 2022. "CBDCs in emerging market economies," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 123, November.
  13. Rodney J Garratt & Jiaheng Yu & Haoxiang Zhu, 2022. "The Case for Convenience: How CBDC Design Choices Impact Monetary Policy Pass-Through," BIS Working Papers 1046, Bank for International Settlements.
  14. Raphael Auer & Giulio Cornelli & Jon Frost, 2020. "Rise of the central bank digital currencies: drivers, approaches and technologies," BIS Working Papers 880, Bank for International Settlements.
  15. Zefeng Chen & Zhengyang Jiang, 2025. "The Liquidity Premium of Digital Payment Vehicle," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 71(7), pages 5605-5624, July.
  16. Wu, Jiaqi & Liu, Xin & Zhang, Chenghu, 2024. "Unveiling the influencing mechanism underlying users’ adoption and recommend intentions of central bank digital currency: A behavioral reasoning theory perspective," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
  17. Altermatt, Lukas & Wang, Zijian, 2024. "Oligopoly banking, risky investment, and monetary policy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
  18. Bai, HaiChen & Cong, Lin William & Luo, Mei & Xie, Ping, 2025. "Adoption of central bank digital currencies: Initial evidence from China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  19. Osakwe, Christian Nedu & Ogunmokun, Oluwatobi A. & Elgammal, Islam & Kwarteng, Michael Adu, 2025. "Individuals' attitudes and their adoption intentions of central bank digital currency: Combining theories and analytics for deeper insights," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
  20. Manuel Walz & Matthias Neuenkirch, 2021. "Der Digitale Euro: Ein Zahlungsmittel für die Zukunft?," Research Papers in Economics 2021-05, University of Trier, Department of Economics.
  21. Jonathan Chiu & Cyril Monnet & Oliver Junye Xu, 2026. "To Tokenize, or Not to Tokenize: The Design Question for a Central Bank Digital Currency," Staff Working Papers 26-14, Bank of Canada.
  22. Stephen Williamson, 2022. "Central Bank Digital Currency: Welfare and Policy Implications," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 130(11), pages 2829-2861.
  23. Jesus Fernandez-Villaverde & Daniel Sanches & Linda Schilling & Harald Uhlig, 2021. "Central Bank Digital Currency: Central Banking For All?," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 41, pages 225-242, July.
  24. Jonathan Chiu & Cyril Monnet, 2024. "Public and Private Money Creation for Distributed Ledgers: Stablecoins, Tokenized Deposits, or Central Bank Digital Currencies?," Staff Working Papers 24-35, Bank of Canada.
  25. Cong, Lin William & Mayer, Simon, 2025. "Strategic digitization in currency and payment competition," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
  26. Parra-Polania, Julian A. & Martinez-Ventura, Constanza, 2026. "Optimal CBDC design: A model with two access mechanisms and the role of anonymity," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  27. Magin, Jana Anjali & Neyer, Ulrike & Stempel, Daniel, 2023. "The macroeconomic effects of different CBDC regimes in an economy with a heterogeneous household sector," DICE Discussion Papers 396, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
  28. Xuesong Huang & Todd Keister, 2026. "Stablecoins vs. Tokenized Deposits: The Narrow Banking Debate Revisited," Staff Reports 1179, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
  29. Dionysopoulos, Lambis & Marra, Miriam & Urquhart, Andrew, 2024. "Central bank digital currencies: A critical review," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
  30. Castrén, Olli & Kavonius, Ilja Kristian & Rancan, Michela, 2022. "Digital currencies in financial networks," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
  31. Nyffenegger, Remo, 2024. "Central bank digital currency and bank intermediation: Medium of Exchange vs. Savings vehicle," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
  32. Rehman, Mubeen Abdur & Irfan, Muhammad & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Lucey, Brian M. & Karim, Sitara, 2023. "Macro-financial implications of central bank digital currencies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  33. Muñoz, Manuel A. & Soons, Oscar, 2023. "Public money as a store of value, heterogeneous beliefs, and banks: implications of CBDC," Working Paper Series 2801, European Central Bank.
  34. Zafar, Muhammad Bilal, 2026. "CentralBank-BERT: Machine learning evidence on central bank digital currency discourse," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
  35. Wu, Binghui & Qi, Yaxin, 2026. "Central bank digital currency, banking stability, and the macroeconomy: A dynamic stochastic general equilibrium analysis," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 444-470.
  36. Catalin Dumitrescu, 2025. "CBDC Stress Test in a Dual-Currency Setting," Papers 2511.13384, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2025.
  37. Nicola Amendola & Luis Araujo & Leo Ferraris, 2024. "Physical vs Digital Currency: What's the Difference, Why it Matters," Working Papers 537, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Economics.
  38. Georgarakos, Dimitris & Kenny, Geoff & Laeven, Luc & Meyer, Justus, 2025. "Consumer Attitudes towards a Central Bank Digital Currency," CEPR Discussion Papers 19997, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
  39. Luzie Thiel & Jochen Michaelis, 2023. "Digitales Zentralbankgeld: Warum wagt niemand den ersten Schritt?," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 92(3), pages 5-8.
  40. Wilko Bolt & Jon Frost & Hyun Song Shin & Peter Wierts, 2024. "The Bank of Amsterdam and the Limits of Fiat Money," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 132(12), pages 3919-3941.
  41. Boris Hofmann & Xiaorui Tang & Feng Zhu, 2025. "Central bank and media sentiment on central bank digital currency: an international perspective," BIS Working Papers 1279, Bank for International Settlements.
  42. Wang, Yizhi & Wei, Yu & Lucey, Brian M. & Su, Yang, 2023. "Return spillover analysis across central bank digital currency attention and cryptocurrency markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  43. Jonathan Chiu & Seyed Mohammadreza Davoodalhosseini, 2023. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Banking: Macroeconomic Benefits of a Cash-Like Design," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(11), pages 6708-6730, November.
  44. Moro, Alessandro & Nispi Landi, Valerio, 2024. "The external financial spillovers of CBDCs," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
  45. Becker, Hendrik, 2026. "CBDC demand simulation across high and low inflation regimes," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
  46. Geoffrey Goodell & Hazem Danny Al-Nakib & Paolo Tasca, 2021. "A Digital Currency Architecture for Privacy and Owner-Custodianship," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-28, May.
  47. Michael Pirgmann & Petr Wawrosz, 2024. "Assessing the Effective Lower Bound in the Context of Introducing the Digital Euro," Economies, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-24, June.
  48. Hess, Simon, 2025. "What Difference Does Central Bank Digital Currency Make? Insights from an Agent-based Model," Thuenen-Series of Applied Economic Theory 171, University of Rostock, Institute of Economics.
  49. Makoto WATANABE & Tarishi Matsuoka, 2025. "Banking Crises and Central Bank Digital Currency in a Monetary Economy," CIGS Working Paper Series 25-015E, The Canon Institute for Global Studies.
  50. Zeng, Linshan & Young, Martin R. & Hao, Wei, 2025. "Currency digitalization: The supply, demand, and infrastructure aspects of china's central bank digital currency," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 85(PB).
  51. Office of Financial Research (ed.), 2021. "2021 Annual Report to Congress," Reports, Office of Financial Research, US Department of the Treasury, number 21-01.
  52. Kenichi Ueda & Chanthol Hay, 2024. "Design of a CBDC in a Highly Dollarized Emerging Market Economy: The Case of Cambodia," Asian Economic Policy Review, Japan Center for Economic Research, vol. 19(2), pages 272-290, July.
  53. Ferry Syarifuddin & Toni Bakhtiar, 2022. "The Macroeconomic Effects of an Interest-Bearing CBDC: A DSGE Model," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-33, May.
  54. Eun Young Oh & Shuonan Zhang, 2022. "Informal economy and central bank digital currency," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 60(4), pages 1520-1539, October.
  55. Constanza Martínez-Ventura & Julián A. Parra-Polania & Tatiana Mora-Arbeláez & Angélica Lizarazo-Cuéllar, 2023. "Expected Macroeconomic Effects of Issuing a Retail CBDC," Borradores de Economia 1247, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  56. Enrique Alberola & Ilaria Mattei, 2022. "Central bank digitalcurrencies in Africa," BIS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 128, November.
  57. Berger, Allen N. & Boot, Arnoud W.A., 2024. "Financial intermediation services and competition analyses: Review and paths forward for improvement," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
  58. Elena D. Dzhaokhadze & Elena V. Sinelnikova-Muryleva, 2025. "Factors and Consequences of the Distribution of retail Central Banks Digital Currencies: Global Experience and Conclusions for the Digital Ruble," Journal of Applied Economic Research, Graduate School of Economics and Management, Ural Federal University, vol. 24(2), pages 685-713.
  59. Syahid Izzulhaq & Akhmad Syakir Kurnia & Johan Beni Maharda, 2024. "Central Bank Digital Curr al Bank Digital Currency, Monetar , Monetary Policy, and Macroeconomy : Centr oeconomy : Central Bank Digital Curr al Bank Digital Currency, Monetar , Monetary Policy, and Macroeconomy," Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, Bank Indonesia, vol. 27(2), pages 241-264, May.
  60. Grodecka-Messi, Anna & Zhang, Xin, 2025. "Central Bank Liquidity Support, Bank Lending, and the End of Currency Competition," Working Paper Series 454, Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden).
  61. Barrdear, John & Kumhof, Michael, 2022. "The macroeconomics of central bank digital currencies," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
  62. Saroj Bhattarai & Mohammad Davoodalhosseini & Zhenning Zhao, 2024. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Transmission of Monetary Policy," Staff Working Papers 24-27, Bank of Canada.
  63. Rakesh Sharma & Neelika Arora & Jitendra Yadav & Vikas Chauhan, 2026. "Understanding Generation Z’s adoption of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC): A dual-method approach using PLS-SEM, and fsQCA," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 31(3), pages 1-23, September.
  64. Wang, Yi-Ran & Ma, Chao-Qun & Ren, Yi-Shuai, 2022. "A model for CBDC audits based on blockchain technology: Learning from the DCEP," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
  65. Borgonovo, Emanuele & Caselli, Stefano & Cillo, Alessandra & Masciandaro, Donato & Rabitti, Giovanni, 2021. "Money, privacy, anonymity: What do experiments tell us?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
  66. Mishra, Bineet & Prasad, Eswar, 2024. "A simple model of a central bank digital currency," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
  67. Jitender Kumar & Manju Rani, 2025. "Past, present and future of central bank digital currency: a systematic literature review and relevant issues," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 26(4), pages 701-720, December.
  68. Jon Frost & Jean-Charles Rochet & Huyn Song Shin & Marianne Verdier, 2025. "Competing digital monies," Working Papers hal-05081338, HAL.
  69. Hui Chen & Zarina Md Nor & Rafisah Mat Radzi & Zuxia Dong & Qianhui Ren, 2026. "The impact of CBDC on bank profitability in China: an analysis based on E-CNY," Risk Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 28(2), pages 1-19, May.
  70. Dunbar, Kwamie, 2023. "CBDC uncertainty: Financial market implications," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
  71. Daniel R. Sanches, 2020. "Central Bank Digital Currency: Is It a Good Idea?," Economic Insights, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, vol. 5(2), pages 9-15, June.
  72. Chiu, Jonathan & Wong, Tsz-Nga, 2022. "Payments on digital platforms: Resiliency, interoperability and welfare," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
  73. Yujie Yang & Chenxing Zhang & Wenwen Hou, 2024. "CBDC, cash, and financial intermediary in HANK," Portuguese Economic Journal, Springer;Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestao, vol. 23(3), pages 383-420, September.
  74. Ozili, Peterson K, 2025. "100 Quotes about central bank digital currencies," MPRA Paper 124263, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  75. Tunç, Halil, 2026. "Why strong regulators move slowly: A global paradox in central bank digital currency adoption," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
  76. Li, Zhenghui & Yang, Cunyi & Huang, Zhehao, 2022. "How does the fintech sector react to signals from central bank digital currencies?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
  77. Le, Anh H., 2025. "Central bank digital currency and cryptocurrency in emerging markets," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
  78. Davoodalhosseini, Seyed Mohammadreza, 2022. "Central bank digital currency and monetary policy," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
  79. Maxime Delabarre, 2021. "FinTech in the Financial Market," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main) hal-03107769, HAL.
  80. Scharnowski, Stefan, 2022. "Central bank speeches and digital currency competition," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
  81. Lim, King Yoong & Liu, Chunping & Zhang, Shuonan, 2024. "Optimal central banking policies: Envisioning the post-digital yuan economy with loan prime rate-setting," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
  82. Carè, Rosella & Cumming, Douglas, 2024. "Technology and automation in financial trading: A bibliometric review," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  83. Hendrickson, Joshua R. & Luther, William J., 2022. "Cash, crime, and cryptocurrencies," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 200-207.
  84. Hoang, Yen Hai & Ngo, Vu Minh & Bich Vu, Ngoc, 2023. "Central bank digital currency: A systematic literature review using text mining approach," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  85. Le, Anh H., 2022. "Central bank digital currency and cryptocurrency in emerging markets," MPRA Paper 114734, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  86. repec:bcp:journl:v:9:y:2025:i:12:p:2120-2134 is not listed on IDEAS
  87. Toni Ahner & Katrin Assenmacher & Peter Hoffmann & Agnese Leonello & Cyril Monnet & Davide Porcellacchia, 2024. "The Economics of Central Bank Digital Currency," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 20(4), pages 221-274, October.
  88. Chen, William & Phelan, Gregory, 2025. "Digital currency and banking-sector stability," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
  89. Elsayed, Ahmed H. & Nasir, Muhammad Ali, 2022. "Central bank digital currencies: An agenda for future research," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
  90. Katrin Tinn, 2026. "A Theory Model of Digital Currency with Asymmetric Privacy," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 72(5), pages 3699-3719, May.
  91. Hua, Qiuling & Qiu, Zepeng & Jiang, Tingfeng & Tang, Ke, 2025. "Macroeconomic effects of CBDC negative interest policy in an open economy: A comparison of quantity and price rules," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
  92. Allen, Franklin & Gu, Xian & Jagtiani, Julapa, 2022. "Fintech, Cryptocurrencies, and CBDC: Financial Structural Transformation in China," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 124(C).
  93. Nocciola, Luca & Zamora-Pérez, Alejandro, 2024. "Transactional demand for central bank digital currency," Working Paper Series 2926, European Central Bank.
  94. Bindseil, Ulrich & Senner, Richard, 2024. "Macroeconomic modelling of CBDC: a critical review," Working Paper Series 2978, European Central Bank.
  95. Emilio Barucci & Andrea Gurgone & Giulia Iori & Michele Azzone, 2025. "Central Bank Digital Currency, Flight-to-Quality, and Bank-Runs in an Agent-Based Model," Papers 2510.21071, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2025.
  96. James Chapman & Jonathan Chiu & Mohammad Davoodalhosseini & Janet Hua Jiang & Francisco Rivadeneyra & Yu Zhu, 2023. "Central Bank Digital Currencies and Banking: Literature Review and New Questions," Discussion Papers 2023-4, Bank of Canada.
  97. Dirk Niepelt, 2025. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Monetary Architecture," Diskussionsschriften dp2509, Universitaet Bern, Departement Volkswirtschaft.
  98. Ponce, Jorge & Taroco, Santiago, 2026. "CBDC’s design implications for financial stability," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 7(1).
  99. Luis Araujo & Leo Ferraris & Marco Mantovani & Daniela Puzzello, 2025. "Experimenting with Digital Currency," Working Papers 557, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Economics.
  100. Xiao, Zumian & Niu, Yiran & Xiang, Lijin & Cui, Yingshuo, 2024. "Central bank digital currency and corporate debt financing costs: Empirical evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 69(PB).
  101. Dirk Niepelt, 2024. "Money and Banking with Reserves and CBDC," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 79(4), pages 2505-2552, August.
  102. Verdier, Marianne, 2024. "Digital payments and bank competition," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
  103. Nourallah, Mustafa & Öhman, Peter & Hamati, Samer, 2024. "Financial technology and financial capability: Study of the European Union," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
  104. Elizabeth C. Klee & Arazi Lubis & Chase Ross & Sharon Y. Ross & Alexandros Vardoulakis, 2026. "The Fragility of Perfectly Safe Digital Money," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2026-037, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
  105. Kohei Kawaguchi & Junpei Komiyama & Shunya Noda, 2026. "Miners' Reward Elasticity and Stability of Competing Proof‐of‐Work Cryptocurrencies," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 67(3), pages 957-976, August.
  106. Assenmacher, Katrin & Bitter, Lea & Ristiniemi, Annukka, 2023. "CBDC and business cycle dynamics in a New Monetarist New Keynesian model," Working Paper Series 2811, European Central Bank.
  107. Charles M. Kahn & Maarten R.C. Van Oordt & Yu Zhu, 2026. "Best Before? Expiring Central Bank Digital Currency and Loss Recovery," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 58(3), pages 787-819, April.
  108. Lü, Zheng & Ozcelebi, Oguzhan & Yoon, Seong-Min, 2025. "Impact of central bank digital currency uncertainty on international financial markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(PA).
  109. Cong, Lin William & Mayer, Simon, "undated". "The Coming Battle of Digital Currencies," Applied Economics and Policy Working Paper Series 320020, Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.
  110. Adib Rahman & Liang Wang, 2025. "Central Bank Digital Currency, Tax Evasion, and Monetary Policy with Heterogeneous Agents," Working Papers 202505, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Economics.
  111. Bian, Wenlong & Ji, Yang & Wang, Peng, 2021. "The crowding-out effect of central bank digital currencies: A simple and generalizable payment portfolio model," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
  112. Wan, Jieru & Yin, Libo & Wu, You & Wu, Lei, 2026. "Time-frequency return and volatility spillovers among CBDC uncertainty, cryptocurrency uncertainty, and ESG stock indexes," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
  113. Auer Simone & Branzoli Nicola & Ferrero Giuseppe & Ilari Antonio & Palazzo Francesco & Rainone Edoardo, 2025. "CBDC and the Banking System," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 245(4-5), pages 435-478.
  114. Jwa Emma Said & Jan Lansky, 2026. "Central Bank Digital Currencies: Systemic Risk, Liquidity Transmission, and Regulatory Governance," ACTA VSFS, University of Finance and Administration, vol. 20(1), pages 92-114.
  115. Meng, Yuqun & Wu, Junxian & Tu, Yongqian, 2024. "Central bank digital currency, financial technology level and regional financial stability," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
  116. Xin, Baogui & Jiang, Kai, 2023. "Central bank digital currency and the effectiveness of negative interest rate policy: A DSGE analysis," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  117. Tao Liu & Dong Lu & Liang Wang, 2023. "Hegemony or Harmony? A Unified Framework for the International Monetary System," Working Papers 202305, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Economics.
  118. Li, Jiaqi, 2023. "Predicting the demand for central bank digital currency: A structural analysis with survey data," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 73-85.
  119. Sandhu, Kamaljeet & Dayanandan, Ajit & Kuntluru, Sudershan, 2023. "India’s CBDC for digital public infrastructure," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
  120. Larisa V. Sannikova, 2023. "Legal Framework for Central Bank Digital Currencies and the Digital Ruble," Finansovyj žhurnal — Financial Journal, Financial Research Institute, Moscow 125375, Russia, issue 5, pages 27-44, October.
  121. Jeremie Banet & Lucie Lebeau, 2022. "Central Bank Digital Currency: Financial Inclusion vs. Disintermediation," Working Papers 2218, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
  122. Bibi, Samuele & Canelli, Rosa, 2023. "The interpretation of CBDC within an endogenous money framework," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
  123. Temperini, Jacopo & D'Ippoliti, Carlo & Gobbi, Lucio, 2024. "Is the time ripe for helicopter money? Growth impact and financial stability risks of outright monetary transfers," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 24-36.
  124. Berg, Tobias & Keil, Jan & Martini, Felix & Puri, Manju, 2024. "CBDCs, Payment Firms, and Geopolitics," CEPR Discussion Papers 19367, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
  125. Harshdeep Kaur & Rajwinder Kaur & Monita Mago & Manjit Singh & Kanika Mehta, 2024. "Exploring Factors Affecting Central Bank Digital Currency Adoption: A Perspective from Generation Z," Metamorphosis: A Journal of Management Research, , vol. 23(2), pages 126-141, December.
  126. Katrin Assenmacher & Signe Krogstrup, 2021. "Monetary Policy with Negative Interest Rates: De-linking Cash from Digital Money," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 17(1), pages 67-106, March.
  127. Jonathan Chiu & Janet Hua Jiang & Seyed Mohammadreza Davoodalhosseini & Yu Zhu, 2019. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Banking," 2019 Meeting Papers 862, Society for Economic Dynamics.
  128. Carli, Francesco & Uras, Burak R., 2024. "E-money, risk-sharing, and welfare," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
  129. Choi, Michael & Rocheteau, Guillaume, 2023. "A model of retail banking and the deposits channel of monetary policy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 127-147.
  130. Hemingway, Benjamin, 2025. "The role of central bank digital currency in an increasingly digital economy," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
  131. Ngo, Vu Minh & Van Nguyen, Phuc & Nguyen, Huan Huu & Thi Tram, Huong Xuan & Hoang, Long Cuu, 2023. "Governance and monetary policy impacts on public acceptance of CBDC adoption," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
  132. Arauz, Andrés & Garratt, Rodney & Ramos F., Diego F., 2021. "Dinero Electrónico: The rise and fall of Ecuador's central bank digital currency," Latin American Journal of Central Banking (previously Monetaria), Elsevier, vol. 2(2).
  133. Tao Liu & Dong Lu & Liang Wang, 2025. "Hegemony or Harmony? A Unified Framework for the International Monetary System," Working Papers 202504, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Economics.
  134. Julian A. Parra-Polania & Constanza Martínez-Ventura, 2025. "Designing the Future of Money: The Case for Multiple CBDCs," Borradores de Economia 1311, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  135. Emilio Barucci & Matteo Brachetta & Daniele Marazzina, 2026. "The Adoption of Central Bank Digital Currency," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 72(5), pages 3684-3698, May.
  136. Zijian Wang, 2023. "Money Laundering and the Privacy Design of Central Bank Digital Currency," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 51, pages 604-632, December.
  137. Mahfooz Ahmed & Abulfathi Ibrahim Saleh Al-Hussaini & Adamu Abubakar Ibrahim, 2025. "Factors influencing the intention to use the Nigerian central bank digital currency (E-Naira) among Nigerian retailers," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 30(1), pages 1-16, March.
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