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Central Bank Digital Currencies and Banking: Literature Review and New Questions

Author

Listed:
  • James Chapman
  • Jonathan Chiu
  • Mohammad Davoodalhosseini
  • Janet Hua Jiang
  • Francisco Rivadeneyra
  • Yu Zhu

Abstract

We review the nascent but fast-growing literature on central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), focusing on their potential impacts on private banks. We evaluate these impacts in three areas of traditional banking: payments, lending and liquidity and maturity transformation. For each area, we discuss the lessons learned and identify gaps in the research yet to be fully explored. We also take a broader look at CBDCs and highlight two promising directions for future research. One is to study CBDCs through the lens of industrial organization, exploring issues such as platform competition and business models. The second is the crypto space and its new developments such as stablecoins and decentralized finance.

Suggested Citation

  • James Chapman & Jonathan Chiu & Mohammad Davoodalhosseini & Janet Hua Jiang & Francisco Rivadeneyra & Yu Zhu, 2023. "Central Bank Digital Currencies and Banking: Literature Review and New Questions," Discussion Papers 2023-4, Bank of Canada.
    • Handle: RePEc:bca:bocadp:23-4
    DOI: 10.34989/sdp-2023-4
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ren, Yi-Shuai & Ma, Chaoqun & Wang, Yiran, 2024. "A new financial regulatory framework for digital finance: Inspired by CBDC," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    2. Lambert, Claudia & Meller, Barbara & Pancaro, Cosimo & Pellicani, Antonella & Radulova, Petya & Soons, Oscar & van der Kraaij, Anton, 2024. "Digital euro safeguards – protecting financial stability and liquidity in the banking sector," Occasional Paper Series 346, European Central Bank.
    3. Syngjoo Choi & Bongseop Kim & Young-Sik Kim & Ohik Kwon & Soeun Park, 2025. "Predicting the payment preference for CBDC: a discrete choice experiment," BIS Working Papers 1296, Bank for International Settlements.
    4. Bai, HaiChen & Cong, Lin William & Luo, Mei & Xie, Ping, 2025. "Adoption of central bank digital currencies: Initial evidence from China," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    5. Georgarakos, Dimitris & Kenny, Geoff & Laeven, Luc & Meyer, Justus, 2025. "Consumer Attitudes towards a Central Bank Digital Currency," CEPR Discussion Papers 19997, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    6. Hua, Qiuling & Qiu, Zepeng & Jiang, Tingfeng & Tang, Ke, 2025. "Macroeconomic effects of CBDC negative interest policy in an open economy: A comparison of quantity and price rules," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 100(C).
    7. Makoto WATANABE & Tarishi Matsuoka, 2025. "Banking Crises and Central Bank Digital Currency in a Monetary Economy," CIGS Working Paper Series 25-015E, The Canon Institute for Global Studies.
    8. Charles M. Kahn & Maarten R.C. Van Oordt & Yu Zhu, 2026. "Best Before? Expiring Central Bank Digital Currency and Loss Recovery," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 58(3), pages 787-819, April.
    9. Xiang, Lijin & Feng, Chao & Xiao, Zumian & Liu, Jianjian, 2024. "The impact of central bank digital currency on macroeconomic dynamics: A DSGE analysis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).
    10. Tan, Brandon Joel, 2024. "Central bank digital currency and financial inclusion," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    11. Becker, Hendrik, 2026. "CBDC demand simulation across high and low inflation regimes," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    12. Donni Fajar Anugrah & Retno Muhardini & Wahyoe Soedarmono & Zaki Intan Cindyagita, 2023. "Determinants Of Inflation In Indonesia: Dynamics Over A Decade," Working Papers WP/09/2023, Bank Indonesia.
    13. Nicola Amendola & Luis Araujo & Leo Ferraris, 2024. "Physical vs Digital Currency: What's the Difference, Why it Matters," Working Papers 537, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Economics.
    14. Bruno Biais & Agostino Capponi & Lin William Cong & Vishal Gaur & Kay Giesecke, 2023. "Advances in Blockchain and Crypto Economics," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(11), pages 6417-6426, November.
    15. Julian A. Parra-Polania & Constanza Martínez-Ventura, 2025. "Designing the Future of Money: The Case for Multiple CBDCs," Borradores de Economia 1311, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    16. Donni Fajar Anugrah & Aryo Sasongko & Wahyoe Soedarmono & Andi Tiara Putri Marasanti, 2023. "Literature Survey: Growth And Stability," Working Papers WP/08/2023, Bank Indonesia.
    17. Saroj Bhattarai & Mohammad Davoodalhosseini & Zhenning Zhao, 2024. "Central Bank Digital Currency and Transmission of Monetary Policy," Staff Working Papers 24-27, Bank of Canada.

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    JEL classification:

    • E50 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - General
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • G00 - Financial Economics - - General - - - General
    • L00 - Industrial Organization - - General - - - General

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