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Demand for Payment Services and Consumer Welfare: The Introduction of a Central Bank Digital Currency

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  • Huynh Kim P.

    (Currency Department, 6315 Bank of Canada , 234 Wellington Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0G9, Canada)

  • Molnar Jozsef

    (Currency Department, 6315 Bank of Canada , 234 Wellington Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0G9, Canada)

  • Shcherbakov Oleksandr

    (Currency Department, 6315 Bank of Canada , 234 Wellington Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0G9, Canada)

  • Yu Qinghui (Jerry)

    (Currency Department, 6315 Bank of Canada , 234 Wellington Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0G9, Canada)

Abstract

In this paper, we study how potential characteristics of the new payment instrument may affect consumer adoption and usage decisions at the point of sale. We do this by developing and estimating a structural model of payment choice, which accounts for rich heterogeneity in consumer preferences and distinguishes between adoption and usage decisions. In the model, consumers face uncertainty about acceptance decisions by merchants, who represent the opposite side of the market. We use parameter estimates to simulate introduction of a new payment instrument and to evaluate the effect of this introduction on the welfare of various demographic groups of consumers.

Suggested Citation

  • Huynh Kim P. & Molnar Jozsef & Shcherbakov Oleksandr & Yu Qinghui (Jerry), 2024. "Demand for Payment Services and Consumer Welfare: The Introduction of a Central Bank Digital Currency," Review of Network Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 23(4), pages 199-230.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:rneart:v:23:y:2024:i:4:p:199-230:n:1002
    DOI: 10.1515/rne-2024-0056
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Loke Yiing Jia, 2007. "Determinants of Merchant Participation in Credit Card Payment Schemes," Review of Network Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 6(4), pages 1-21, December.
    2. Jonker Nicole, 2011. "Card Acceptance and Surcharging: the Role of Costs and Competition," Review of Network Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 10(2), pages 1-35, June.
    3. Marc Rysman, 2007. "An Empirical Analysis Of Payment Card Usage," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(1), pages 1-36, March.
    4. Naoki Wakamori & Angelika Welte, 2017. "Why Do Shoppers Use Cash? Evidence from Shopping Diary Data," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 49(1), pages 115-169, February.
    5. Carlos Arango & Angelika Welte, 2012. "The Bank of Canada’s 2009 Methods-of-Payment Survey: Methodology and Key Results," Discussion Papers 12-6, Bank of Canada.
    6. Sergei Koulayev & Marc Rysman & Scott Schuh & Joanna Stavins, 2016. "Explaining adoption and use of payment instruments by US consumers," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 47(2), pages 293-325, May.
    7. Carlos Arango & Varya Taylor, 2008. "Merchant Acceptance, Costs, and Perceptions of Retail Payments: A Canadian Survey," Discussion Papers 08-12, Bank of Canada.
    8. Anneke Kosse & Heng Chen & Marie-Hélène Felt & Valéry Dongmo Jiongo & Kerry Nield & Angelika Welte, 2017. "The Costs of Point-of-Sale Payments in Canada," Discussion Papers 17-4, Bank of Canada.
    9. Borzekowski, Ron & Kiser, Elizabeth K., 2008. "The choice at the checkout: Quantifying demand across payment instruments," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 26(4), pages 889-902, July.
    10. Jean-Charles Rochet & Jean Tirole, 2003. "Platform Competition in Two-Sided Markets," Journal of the European Economic Association, MIT Press, vol. 1(4), pages 990-1029, June.
    11. Schuh, Scott & Stavins, Joanna, 2010. "Why are (some) consumers (finally) writing fewer checks? The role of payment characteristics," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(8), pages 1745-1758, August.
    12. Christopher Henry & Kim Huynh & Rallye Shen, 2015. "2013 Methods-of-Payment Survey Results," Discussion Papers 15-4, Bank of Canada.
    13. Kim Huynh & Gradon Nicholls & Oleksandr Shcherbakov, 2019. "Explaining the Interplay Between Merchant Acceptance and Consumer Adoption in Two-Sided Markets for Payment Methods," Staff Working Papers 19-32, Bank of Canada.
    14. David Bounie & Abel François & Leo Van Hove, 2017. "Consumer Payment Preferences, Network Externalities, and Merchant Card Acceptance: An Empirical Investigation," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 51(3), pages 257-290, November.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    multisided markets; digital currencies and fintech; financial services;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C51 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Construction and Estimation
    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • L14 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation
    • L52 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods

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