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Digital euro safeguards – protecting financial stability and liquidity in the banking sector

Author

Listed:
  • Lambert, Claudia
  • Meller, Barbara
  • Pancaro, Cosimo
  • Pellicani, Antonella
  • Radulova, Petya
  • Soons, Oscar
  • van der Kraaij, Anton

Abstract

A digital euro would provide the general public with an additional means of payment in the form of risk-free central bank money in digital form that is universally accepted for digital payments across the euro area. A digital euro would offer a wide range of financial stability benefits, including safeguarding the role of public money and strengthening the strategic autonomy and monetary sovereignty of the euro area in the digital era. It would be designed to have no material impact on financial stability or the transmission of monetary policy. This paper shows the usefulness of digital euro safeguards, such as holding limits, that would limit the impact of the introduction of a digital euro on banks’ liquidity and on their reliance on central bank funding. To this end, it assesses how banks might respond to the introduction of a digital euro while seeking to maximise profitability and manage their risks for a range of holding limit scenarios. The results of the simulated impact on key liquidity metrics show that, with safeguards in place and on aggregate, the liquidity metrics of euro area banks would decline but remain well above regulatory minimums. In addition, the central bank funding ratios of euro area banks would not increase materially on aggregate and would remain contained overall. JEL Classification: E42, E58, G21

Suggested Citation

  • Lambert, Claudia & Meller, Barbara & Pancaro, Cosimo & Pellicani, Antonella & Radulova, Petya & Soons, Oscar & van der Kraaij, Anton, 2024. "Digital euro safeguards – protecting financial stability and liquidity in the banking sector," Occasional Paper Series 346, European Central Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecb:ecbops:2024346
    Note: 1559770
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Meller, Barbara & Soons, Oscar, 2023. "Know your (holding) limits: CBDC, financial stability and central bank reliance," Occasional Paper Series 326, European Central Bank.
    2. Alissa Gorelova & Bena Lands & Maria teNyenhuis, 2022. "Resilience of bank liquidity ratios in the presence of a central bank digital currency," Staff Analytical Notes 2022-5, Bank of Canada.
    3. Barbara Meller & Oscar Soons, 2023. "Know your (holding) limits: CBDC, financial stability and central bank reliance," Working Papers 771, DNB.
    4. Hanfeng Chen & Maria Elena Filippin, 2023. "Central Bank Digital Currency with Collateral-constrained Banks," Papers 2308.10359, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2025.
    5. James Chapman & Jonathan Chiu & Mohammad Davoodalhosseini & Janet Hua Jiang & Francisco Rivadeneyra & Yu Zhu, 2023. "Central Bank Digital Currencies and Banking: Literature Review and New Questions," Discussion Papers 2023-4, Bank of Canada.
    6. Li, Jiaqi, 2023. "Predicting the demand for central bank digital currency: A structural analysis with survey data," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 73-85.
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    Cited by:

    1. Bindseil, Ulrich & Marrazzo, Marco & Sauer, Stephan, 2024. "The impact of central bank digital currency on central bank profitability, risk-taking and capital," Occasional Paper Series 360, European Central Bank.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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