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Central Bank Liquidity Support, Bank Lending, and the End of Currency Competition

Author

Listed:
  • Grodecka-Messi, Anna

    (Financial Stability Department, Central Bank of Sweden)

  • Zhang, Xin

    (Research Department, Central Bank of Sweden)

Abstract

Private money creation lies at the heart of currency competition due to seigniorage rents that are an important contributor to banks’ franchise values. However, it undermines the role of central bank in money provision and has been historically a contentious issue. As shifting from private to public money may come at a cost of bank disintermediation and affect economic growth, such a swap should be well-planned to minimize its costs. In this paper, we study the transition from private to public money in a historical context. The 1897 banking law in Sweden granted the banknote monopoly to the Swedish central bank. To facilitate the shift, the central bank provided preferential liquidity support to formerly note-issuing private banks. Drawing on newly digitized monthly archival data, we show that this liquidity provision played a critical role in shaping private banks’ performances during the transition. Once the support started being withdrawn, affected banks experienced a 23% drop in profitability. No signs of bank disintermediation are found.

Suggested Citation

  • Grodecka-Messi, Anna & Zhang, Xin, 2025. "Central Bank Liquidity Support, Bank Lending, and the End of Currency Competition," Working Paper Series 454, Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden).
    • Handle: RePEc:hhs:rbnkwp:0454
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Grodecka-Messi, Anna & Zhang, Xin, 2023. "Private bank money vs central bank money: A historical lesson for CBDC introduction," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • E50 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - General
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • N23 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - Europe: Pre-1913

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