Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

2025

• Kang, Yankun & Ma, Xin & Xie, Mi & Zhong, Ninghua, 2025, "Innovation’s false spring: U.S. export controls and Chinese patent quality," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, volume 150, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2024.103229.
• Deng, Jianpeng & Li, Jialin & Mai, Joseph & Shi, Yanmin & Zhu, Linke, 2025, "Trade circumvention in free trade areas," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, volume 150, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2024.103232.
• Ait Benasser, Youssef, 2025, "Evaluating the symmetry of trade policy: Evidence from liberalization reversals," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, volume 31, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeca.2024.e00395.
• Estefania-Flores, Julia & Furceri, Davide & Ostry, Jonathan D. & Steinberg, Federico, 2025, "What drives trade policy reform?," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, volume 47, issue 4, pages 805-829, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2025.06.014.
• Almazán-Gómez, Miguel Ángel & El Khatabi, Fatima & Llano, Carlos & Pérez, Julián, 2025, "Modelling regional exposure to new trade wars," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, volume 47, issue 5, pages 919-940, DOI: 10.1016/j.jpolmod.2025.04.001.
• Caruso, Raul & Cipollina, Maria, 2025, "The effect of economic sanctions on world trade of mineral commodities. A gravity model approach from 2009 to 2020," Resources Policy, Elsevier, volume 105, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2025.105574.
• Deltas, George & Evenett, Simon J., 2025, "Language as a trade barrier in public procurement: Evidence from Georgia's policies on English language documentation," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, volume 99, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.qref.2024.101898.
• Fan, Zhaobin & Long, Rui & Anwar, Sajid & Wang, Jinrui, 2025, "Does centrality within trade agreements network matter to economic complexity? The conditioning effects of network structure," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, volume 98, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2025.103892.
• Sahel, Wissal & El Abbassi, Idriss, 2025, "Structural change in Morocco: Rethinking industrial policies," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, volume 72, issue C, pages 412-426, DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2024.12.008.
• Yang, Yichen & Zhao, Yu & Liu, Wen, 2025, "Climbing up global value chains: Is the regional trade agreement network stepping stones or stumbling blocks?," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, volume 75, issue C, pages 849-867, DOI: 10.1016/j.strueco.2025.10.015.
• Hadjiyiannis, Costas & İriş, Doruk & Tabakis, Chrysostomos & Ten, Gi Khan, 2025, "Are nationalist countries more protectionist?," World Development, Elsevier, volume 196, issue C, DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2025.107168.
• Jason Allen, 2025, "Trump's Trade War: Short- and Long-run Macroeconomic Impacts," Journal of Economics and Econometrics, Economics and Econometrics Society, volume 68, issue 3, pages 45-70.
• Thuy Hang Duong & Weifeng Larry Liu, 2025, "The Trade-Inflation Nexus: The Role of Production Networks," CAMA Working Papers, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, number 2025-23, Apr, revised Dec 2025.
• Alfred V Guender & Onur A. Koska, 2025, "Tariff Policy Activism and the Trade Balance Under Multiplicative Uncertainty: A Cautionary Tale," CAMA Working Papers, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, number 2025-59, Nov.
• Paulsen, Mona & Ciuriak, Dan, 2026, "The case for WTO collective action," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library, number 129560, Feb.
• Grzana, Marta Helena, 2025, "Are U.S. export controls an effective policy for innovation?," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library, number 129662, Sep.
• Ferracane, Martina F. & Hoekman, Bernard & van der Marel, Erik & Santi, Filippo, 2026, "Digital trade, data protection and the EU adequacy club," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library, number 130102, Jan.
• Carlos Aguiar de Medeiros & Esther Majerowicz, 2025, "Contemporary industrial policy and challenges to South America and Brazil," Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, Center of Political Economy, volume 45, issue 1, pages 126-143.
• Carolina Rodrigues Corrêa Ferreira & Michelle Ruas Gomide & Vinícius de Azevedo Couto Firme, 2025, "The impacts of trade freedom on food insecurity from countries with different profiles: an empirical analysis," Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, Center of Political Economy, volume 45, issue 4, pages 701-720.
• Quito, Byron & Ochoa-Moreno, Wilman-Santiago & Álvarez-García, José & Del Río Rama, María de la Cruz, 2025, "Desarrollo económico y desigualdad de ingresos: acceso a la evidencia desde la perspectiva de la hipótesis de Kuznets para una muestra global," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, volume 92, issue 366, pages 477-514, April-Jun, DOI: https://doi.org/10.20430/ete.v92i36.
• Laurence Jacquet & Etienne Lehmann, 2025, "Generalized Production Efficiency," Thema Working Papers, THEMA (Théorie Economique, Modélisation et Applications), CY Cergy-Paris University, ESSEC and CNRS, number 2025-08.
• Nicolas Djob, 2025, "Resource Allocation and Tariff Strategies: Rethinking VAT in the Context of Monopolistic Competition," Thema Working Papers, THEMA (Théorie Economique, Modélisation et Applications), CY Cergy-Paris University, ESSEC and CNRS, number 2025-13.
• Ismail Miss Yaya & Cheikh Tidiane Ndiaye & Simplice Asongu & Samba Diop, 2025, "Analysis of the effects of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) on the labor market in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC)," International Journal of Manpower, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 46, issue 10, pages 77-102, April, DOI: 10.1108/IJM-11-2024-0741.
• Nga Phan Thi Hang, 2025, "Sanctions and cryptocurrency: a catalyst for digital adoption?," Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 33, issue 3, pages 406-424, February, DOI: 10.1108/JFRC-08-2024-0156.
• Junianto James Losari, 2025, "Compliance Analysis of Indonesia’s LCR Measures: International Trade and Investment Agreement Perspectives," Working Papers, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), number DP-2025-04, Jul.
• Jayant Menon & Roland Rajah & Ahmed Albayrak, 2025, "Trade Policy, Domestic Reforms, and Structural Transformation in Viet Nam," Working Papers, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA), number DP-2025-09, Nov.
• Agim Berisha, 2025, "Fiscal Policy and Foreign Trade in Kosovo: Drivers of Economic Development," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), volume 0, issue 1, pages 52-62.
• P. Sudarshan, 2025, "The Impact of Trade Wars on the USA and China in Financial Economics," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), volume 0, issue 2, pages 171-184.
• Ayushi Dwivedi & Dinesh Yadav, 2025, "Impact of Trade Facilitation on Trade Intensity Index of India with South Asian Nations: A Panel Regression Analysis," International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), International Journal of Economics & Business Administration (IJEBA), volume 0, issue 4, pages 03-11.
• Katarzyna Brzozowska-Rup & Pawel R. Kozubek, 2025, "Brexit and International Road Freight Transport to and from the UK by Polish and Irish Transport Companies," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, volume 0, issue 2, pages 759-779.
• Dzwonkowski Wieslaw & Lopaciuk Wieslaw & Szajner Piotr, 2025, "The Impact of the EU-MERCOSUR Agreement on Soybean Meal and Corn Feed Markets in the EU and Poland," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, volume 0, issue 3, pages 1016-1032.
• Christian Buelens & Leonor Coutinho & Adrian Ifrim & Marco Ratto, 2025, "The Macroeconomic Effects of Deglobalisation," European Economy - Discussion Papers, Directorate General Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN), European Commission, number 227, Oct.
• Gergő Motyovszki, 2025, "The Macroeconomic Effects of US Tariff Hikes," European Economy - Discussion Papers, Directorate General Economic and Financial Affairs (DG ECFIN), European Commission, number 234, Nov.
• Salomé Baslandze & Simon Fuchs & KC Pringle & Michael Sparks, 2025, "Tariffs and Consumer Prices: Insights from Newly Matched Consumption-Trade Micro Data," Policy Hub, Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, volume 2025, issue 1, pages 1-17, February, DOI: 10.29338/ph2025-01.
• Philippe Andrade & Alexander Dietrich & Sophie Handley & John Leer & Raphael Schoenle & Jenny Tang & Egon Zakrajšek, 2025, "Effects of Tariff Uncertainty on the Outlook of Small and Medium-sized Businesses," Current Policy Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, number 2025-12, Sep.
• Philippe Andrade & Alexander Dietrich & John Leer & Xiao Lin & Raphael Schoenle & Jenny Tang & Egon Zakrajšek, 2025, "Who Will Pay for Tariffs? Businesses’ Expectations about Costs and Prices," Current Policy Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, number 25-13, Sep.
• Philippe Andrade & Alexander Dietrich & John Leer & Raphael Schoenle & Jenny Tang & Egon Zakrajšek, 2025, "Small and Medium-sized Businesses’ Expectations Concerning Tariffs, Costs, and Prices," Current Policy Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, number 25-7, Apr.
• Pawel Krolikowski & Andrew H. McCallum, 2025, "Tariffs and Goods-Market Search Frictions," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, number 25-03, Jan, DOI: 10.26509/frbc-wp-202503.
• Enrique Martínez García & Michael Sposi, 2025, "A History of U.S. Tariffs: Quantifying Strategic Trade-Offs in Tariff Policy Design," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas, number 2529, Aug, DOI: 10.24149/wp2529.
• Régis Barnichon & Aayush Singh, 2025, "What Is a Tariff Shock? Insights from 150 years of Tariff Policy," Working Paper Series, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, number 2025-26, Nov, DOI: 10.24148/wp2025-26.
• Andrés Rodríguez-Clare & Mauricio Ulate & Jose P. Vasquez, 2025, "The 2025 Trade War: Dynamic Impacts Across U.S. States and the Global Economy," Working Paper Series, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, number 2025-09, Apr, DOI: 10.24148/wp2025-09.
• Sebastian Heise & Justin R. Pierce & Georg Schaur & Peter K. Schott, 2025, "How do Firms in Different Sectors Organize their Supply Chains? Evidence from Transaction-Level Import Data," International Finance Discussion Papers, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), number 1405, Feb, DOI: 10.17016/IFDP.2025.1405.
• Florencia Airaudo & Francois de Soyres & Alexandre Gaillard & Ana Maria Santacreu, 2025, "Recent Evolutions in the Global Trade System: From Integration to Strategic Realignment," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, number 2025-027, Oct, DOI: 10.20955/wp.2025.027.
• Javier Bianchi & Louphou Coulibaly, 2025, "The Optimal Monetary Policy Response to Tariffs," Working Papers, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, number 810, Mar, DOI: 10.21034/wp.810.
• Matthew Higgins & Thomas Klitgaard, 2025, "A Country‑Specific View of Tariffs," Liberty Street Economics, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, number 20251006, Oct, DOI: 10.59576/lse.20251006.
• Hunter L. Clark, 2025, "U.S. Imports from China Have Fallen by Less Than U.S. Data Indicate," Liberty Street Economics, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, number 20250226, Feb.
• Alexander Knobl & Alexander Firanchuk, 2025, "Foreign trade outcome in 2024," Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-Economic Development (In Russian), Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 2, pages 1-6, March.
• Alexander Knobel & Olga Ponomareva, 2025, "US trade policy: Current situation and prospects," Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-Economic Development (In Russian), Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 15, pages 1-9, August.
• Alexander Knobel & Alexander Firanchuk, 2025, "Russian and EAEU member states' foreign trade in H1 2025," Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-Economic Development (In Russian), Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 23, pages 1-6, October.
• Alexander Knobel & Alexander Firanchuk, 2025, "Preliminary results of Russia's foreign trade in 2025," Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-Economic Development (In Russian), Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 31, pages 1-5, December.
• Alexander Knobl & Alexander Firanchuk, 2025, "Foreign trade outcome in 2024," Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-Economic Development, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 2, pages 1-6, March.
• Alexander Knobel & Olga Ponomareva, 2025, "US trade policy: Current situation and prospects," Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-Economic Development, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 15, pages 1-11, August.
• Alexander Knobel & Alexander Firanchuk, 2025, "Russian and EAEU member states' foreign trade in H1 2025," Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-Economic Development, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 23, pages 1-6, October.
• Alexander Knobel & Alexander Firanchuk, 2025, "Preliminary results of Russia's foreign trade in 2025," Monitoring of Russia's Economic Outlook. Trends and Challenges of Socio-Economic Development, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, issue 31, pages 1-5, December.
• Alexander Knobel & Maria Baeva, 2025, "Russia's participation in WTO disputes in 2024," Published Papers, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, number ppaper-2025-1407, revised 2025.
• Nadezhda Volovik, 2025, "Russia's foreign trade in 2024," Published Papers, Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy, number ppaper-2025-1408, revised 2025.
• Shuhui Xiang & Xinran Yin & Yuan Zi, 2025, "Two Decades of Chinese Industry Subsidies," IHEID Working Papers, Economics Section, The Graduate Institute of International Studies, number 18-2025, Dec.
• Agustina Giraudy & Ernesto Stein & Francisco Urdinez & Victor Zuluaga, 2025, "Chinese Investment in Mexico: Trade Wars, Nearshoring, and Place-Based," Working Paper Series of the School of Government and Public Transformation, School of Government and Public Transformation, Tecnológico de Monterrey, number 11, Oct.
• Ayşegul Şahin, 2025, "Asymmetric Effects Of Trade Policy Uncertainty On The Stock Market: Evidence From The Markov Regime Switching Model," Ekonomi Maliye Isletme Dergisi, Adil AKINCI, volume 8, issue 1, pages 78-90, June, DOI: 10.46737/emid.1643258.
• Frédéric Marty, 2025, "L'expérience de l'Union Européenne en matière de contrôle des subventions étrangères - quels enseignements pour la Nouvelle Calédonie ?," GREDEG Working Papers, Groupe de REcherche en Droit, Economie, Gestion (GREDEG CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur, France, number 2025-37, Sep.
• Jean-Luc Gaffard, 2025, "Finance et globalisation : les enjeux d'une mutation," GREDEG Working Papers, Groupe de REcherche en Droit, Economie, Gestion (GREDEG CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur, France, number 2025-39, Sep.
• Jean-Luc Gaffard, 2025, "Crise de la globalisation et mutations du capitalisme," GREDEG Working Papers, Groupe de REcherche en Droit, Economie, Gestion (GREDEG CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur, France, number 2025-40, Sep.
• Jasmina Karabegovic & Christoph Kuzmics, 2025, "On the Role of International Courts," Graz Economics Papers, University of Graz, Department of Economics, number 2025-04, Jun.
• Jasmina Karabegovic, 2025, "Subsidies, Disputes, and Enforcement: A Strategic Analysis of the Airbus-Boeing Case," Graz Economics Papers, University of Graz, Department of Economics, number 2025-05, Jun.
• Nguyen Quang Thanh, 2025, "Vietnamese Law on the Prevention and Abolition of Child Labor under the Impact of the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement," GATR Journals, Global Academy of Training and Research (GATR) Enterprise, number jber263, Dec, DOI: https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2025..
• Cosimo Beverelli & Martin Braml & Lionel Fontagné & Alexander Keck & Gianluca Orefice, 2025, "Heterogeneous Trade Effects of Pre-Shipment Inspections," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers), HAL, number halshs-05368393, DOI: 10.1093/wber/lhaf013.
• Baye Elimane Gueye & Omar Sene, 2025, "Impact of trade measures on the development of industrial processing of local milk in Senegal
  [Impact des mesures commerciales pour le développement de la transformation industrielle du lait local au Sénégal]," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-05080576, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15470867.
• Céline Poilly & Fabien Tripier, 2025, "Trade Policy Uncertainty and the Labor Market: State-Level Evidence," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-05099742, DOI: 10.1257/pandp.20251009.
• Adjiaratou Diakher Dianko, 2025, "International trade of african firms: explaining export participation and intensity
  [Le commerce international des entreprises africaines : facteurs explicatifs de la participation et de l’intensité]," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-05226546.
• Fabrice Defever & Alejandro Riaño & Gonzalo Varela, 2025, "Evaluating the impact of export finance support on firm‐level export performance: Evidence from Pakistan," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-05362625, Sep, DOI: 10.1111/caje.70013.
• Thierry Mayer & Hillel Rapoport & Camilo Umana-Dajud, 2025, "Free Trade Agreements and the movement of business people," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-04954659, Jan, DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbae046.
• Cosimo Beverelli & Martin Braml & Lionel Fontagné & Alexander Keck & Gianluca Orefice, 2025, "Heterogeneous Trade Effects of Pre-Shipment Inspections," Post-Print, HAL, number halshs-05368393, DOI: 10.1093/wber/lhaf013.
• Thierry Mayer & Hillel Rapoport & Camilo Umana-Dajud, 2025, "Free Trade Agreements and the movement of business people," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint), HAL, number halshs-04954659, Jan, DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbae046.
• Cosimo Beverelli & Martin Braml & Lionel Fontagné & Alexander Keck & Gianluca Orefice, 2025, "Heterogeneous Trade Effects of Pre-Shipment Inspections," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint), HAL, number halshs-05368393, DOI: 10.1093/wber/lhaf013.
• Jean-Luc Gaffard, 2025, "Crise de la globalisation et mutations du capitalisme," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main), HAL, number hal-05305426, Oct.
• Jean-Luc Gaffard, 2025, "Finance et globalisation : les enjeux d’une mutation," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main), HAL, number hal-05305457, Oct.
• Martin Bernstein & Josefin Meyer & Kevin O'Rourke & Moritz Schularick, 2025, "Economic Insecurity: Trade Dependencies And Their Weaponization In History," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main), HAL, number hal-05460228, Jul.
• Thierry Mayer & Hillel Rapoport & Camilo Umana-Dajud, 2025, "Free Trade Agreements and the movement of business people," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main), HAL, number halshs-04954659, Jan, DOI: 10.1093/jeg/lbae046.
• Laurence Jacquet & Etienne Lehmann, 2025, "Generalized Production Efficiency," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-04954501, Feb.
• Jean-Luc Gaffard, 2025, "Crise de la globalisation et mutations du capitalisme," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-05305426, Oct.
• Jean-Luc Gaffard, 2025, "Finance et globalisation : les enjeux d’une mutation," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-05305457, Oct.
• Martin Bernstein & Josefin Meyer & Kevin O'Rourke & Moritz Schularick, 2025, "Economic Insecurity: Trade Dependencies And Their Weaponization In History," Working Papers, HAL, number hal-05460228, Jul.
• Frédéric Marty, 2025, "L'expérience de l'Union Européenne en matière de contrôle des subventions étrangères - quels enseignements pour la Nouvelle Calédonie ?," Working Papers, HAL, number halshs-05295250, Oct.
• Grafström, Jonas, 2025, "Vertical industrial policy: principles, practice and potential," Ratio Working Papers, The Ratio Institute, number 384, Jun.
• Córdoba Solano, Daniela & Gomez-Trejos, Felipe & Vindas Quesada, Alberto, 2025, "Market Power, Industry Concentration and Trade Liberalization: Evidence from Costa Rica," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 14003, Feb, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013429.
• Rodríguez Chatruc, Marisol & Stein, Ernesto H. & Vlaicu, Razvan & Zuluaga, Víctor, 2025, "How Employment Framing Affects Trade Preferences: Evidence from Survey Experiments," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 14050, Mar, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013474.
• Uribe-Terán, Carlos & Grijalva, Diego F. & Gachet, Iván, 2025, "How do Trade Restrictions Affect Market Diversity?," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 14063, Apr, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013490.
• Chinmaya Behera & Ranjan Kumar Mohanty & Biswashree Tanaya Priyadarsini & Debasis Patnaik, 2025, "Does Climate Change Impact Output? An Empirical Evidence From Asia Pacific Countries," Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, Bank Indonesia, volume 28, issue Spesial I, pages 123-136, February, DOI: https://doi.org/10.59091/2460-9196..
• Ana Voicu, 2025, "The Modernization Of The Eu Agreements With Chile And Mexico And The Conclusion Of The Negotiations With Mercosur. The Current State Of Trade Relations," Euroinfo, Institute for World Economy, Romanian Academy, volume 9, issue 1, pages 2-21, July.
• Georgeta Ilie, 2025, "Single Market For Services - A Pillar Of The European Union’S Economic Development," Euroinfo, Institute for World Economy, Romanian Academy, volume 9, issue 1, pages 50-70, July.
• Chad P. Bown, 2025, "How export restrictions threaten economic security," Working Paper Series, Peterson Institute for International Economics, number WP25-11, May.
• Warwick J. McKibbin & Marcus Noland & Geoffrey Shuetrim, 2025, "The global economic effects of Trump's 2025 tariffs," Working Paper Series, Peterson Institute for International Economics, number WP25-13, Jun.
• Kimberly A. Clausing & Maurice Obstfeld, 2025, "Tariffs as Fiscal Policy," Working Paper Series, Peterson Institute for International Economics, number WP25-19, Sep.
• Douglas A. Irwin, 2025, "Dismantling the license raj: The long road to India’s 1991 trade reforms," Working Paper Series, Peterson Institute for International Economics, number WP25-2, Jan.
• Marcus Noland & Julieta Contreras & Lucas Rengifo-Keller, 2025, "Stopping the flow: The effects of US-China cooperation on fentanyl markets and overdose deaths," Working Paper Series, Peterson Institute for International Economics, number WP25-9, May.
• Samuele Centorrino & Antonia Diakantoni & Alexander Keck & Michele Ruta & Monika Sztajerowska & Yuting Wei, 2025, "Measuring Global Trade Policy Activity," IMF Working Papers, International Monetary Fund, number 2025/220, Oct.
• Himanshu Jaiswal & A. Ganesh Kumar, 2025, "Trade war and some policy alternatives for India," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India, number 2025-004, Mar.
• Himanshu Jaiswal & A. Ganesh Kumar, 2025, "Dumping concerns amid trade war and India-US trade deal," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India, number 2025-011, May.
• Himanshu Jaiswal & A. Ganesh Kumar, 2025, "SPS measures and agricultural trade in BIMSTEC: Uantitative evidence from WTO notifications," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India, number 2025-013, May.
• Himanshu Jaiswal, 2025, "Rules of origin in India's trade agreements: Introducing a new dataset and severity indices," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India, number 2025-023, Oct.
• Himanshu Jaiswal & A. Ganesh-Kumar, 2025, "US Tariff shocks and India-US trade negotiations: Balancing strategic design and agricultural sensitivities," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India, number 2025-024, Nov.
• Ridwan Ah Sheikh & Sunil Kanwar, 2025, "Revisiting the impact of TRIPS on trade: Evidence from staggered difference-in-differences," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India, number 2025-025, Nov.
• Naudé, Wim & Cameron, Martin, 2025, "Retaliation Against Trump’s Trade War: Why and How the EU Should Find Alternative Export Markets," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 17773, Mar.
• Mukunoki,Hiroshi, 2025, "A Theoretical Perspective on the Economic Effects of U.S.–China Trade Disputes," IDE Discussion Papers, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO), number 953, Mar.
• Pyun,Ju Hyun, 2025, "Third-country FDI relocation in response to the US-China tariff war," IDE Discussion Papers, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO), number 954, Mar.
• Dai,Mi, 2025, "The Impact of the China-U.S. Trade War on China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment," IDE Discussion Papers, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO), number 955, Mar.
• YE,Ming & MIROUDOT,Sébastien & MENG,Bo, 2025, "Endogenizing Capital in Measuring Trade in Value-Added This paper addresses a critical methodological gap in measuring trade in value added (TiVA) using conventional inter-country input–output (ICIO) ," IDE Discussion Papers, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO), number 982, Dec.
• Zongwu Cai & Jinyan Li, 2025, "Mediation Analysis of the China-US Trade War Effects," WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS, University of Kansas, Department of Economics, number 202512, May.
• Zongwu Cai & Jinyan Li, 2025, "Mediation Analysis of the China-US Trade War Effects," WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS, University of Kansas, Department of Economics, number 202603, May, revised Jan 2026.
• Kaleb Abreha & Raymond Robertson, 2025, "Revisiting the Effects of Regional Trade Agreements Using Staggered Adoption Design," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, volume 53, issue 3, pages 113-124, September, DOI: 10.1007/s11293-025-09828-0.
• Dominik Naeher & Philippe Lombaerde & Takfarinas Saber, 2025, "Evaluating accession decisions in customs unions: a dynamic machine learning approach," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, volume 22, issue 1, pages 1-27, February, DOI: 10.1007/s10368-024-00632-w.
• Wataru Johdo, 2025, "Agglomeration and non-agglomeration countries and the growth effects of protectionist trade policies," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, volume 22, issue 1, pages 1-15, February, DOI: 10.1007/s10368-024-00645-5.
• Hakan Yilmazkuday, 2025, "Unequal inflationary effects of tariffs across socio-demographic groups," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, volume 22, issue 4, pages 1-24, October, DOI: 10.1007/s10368-025-00682-8.
• Johan Norberg, 2025, "Marc-William Palen: Pax Economica: Left-Wing Visions of a Free Trade World. 328 pages. Princeton University Press, 2024, Hardcover 35.00€," Journal of Economics, Springer, volume 144, issue 2, pages 199-201, March, DOI: 10.1007/s00712-024-00895-6.
• Seonyoung Lim, 2025, "Strategic trade policy in a vertically differentiated market," Journal of Economics, Springer, volume 146, issue 1, pages 59-76, September, DOI: 10.1007/s00712-025-00905-1.
• Manouchehr Barjesteh Maleki & Hamed Samarghandi & Joel Bruneau, 2025, "The Effect of CUSFTA and NAFTA on Canada’s Export Composition," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, volume 25, issue 1, pages 1-35, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10842-025-00448-7.
• Raksha Jain & Geetha Elangovan & Kishore Lakshminarayanan, 2025, "Do the Macroeconomic Determinants of Export Destinations Matter? The Case of Indian Black Pepper," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, volume 25, issue 1, pages 1-21, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10842-025-00449-6.
• Kangsik Choi & Seonyoung Lim, 2025, "Tariff Protection and Privatization Policy: Endogenous Delegation in an Import-Competing Model," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, volume 25, issue 1, pages 1-18, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10842-025-00454-9.
• James R. Boohaker, 2025, "Multi-Market Contact in International Trade; Evidence from U.S. Battery Exporters," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, volume 25, issue 1, pages 1-34, December, DOI: 10.1007/s10842-025-00458-5.
• Svetlana Ledyaeva, 2025, "Trade Diversion effects of China`s Vat Export Rebates," Open Economies Review, Springer, volume 36, issue 2, pages 541-575, April, DOI: 10.1007/s11079-024-09769-2.
• Yujie Shi & Zhaohui Niu & Chen Chen, 2025, "The Bilateral Effects of Non-tariff Measures on the Intensive and Extensive Margins of Trade: Some Panel Evidence1," Open Economies Review, Springer, volume 36, issue 5, pages 1595-1623, November, DOI: 10.1007/s11079-025-09799-4.
• Sojun Park, 2025, "The political economy of compulsory licensing: democracy and regulatory threat in public health," Public Choice, Springer, volume 205, issue 1, pages 303-325, October, DOI: 10.1007/s11127-025-01294-1.
• Johan Gars & Daniel Spiro & Henrik Wachtmeister, 2025, "Winners and losers of a Russian oil-export restriction," Public Choice, Springer, volume 205, issue 3, pages 387-417, December, DOI: 10.1007/s11127-025-01302-4.
• Charles Yuji Horioka & Nicholas Ford, 2025, "A New Modeling Approach to Help Address the Trump Tariffs," Discussion Paper Series, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University, number DP2025-31, Dec.
• Naoto JINJI & Keiko ITO & Toshiyuki MATSUURA, 2025, "The impact of US export controls on firms’ export behavior in a third country: Evidence from Japanese customs data," Discussion papers, Graduate School of Economics , Kyoto University, number e-25-008, Oct.
• Teuku Riefky & Syahda Sabrina & Mohamad Dian Revindo, 2025, "The Impact of the U.S.-China Tariff War on Trade and Investment in Developing Countries in Disrupted Global Value Chains," Economics and Finance in Indonesia, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, volume 71, pages 15-30, June.
• Fikri Aldi Dwi Putro & Widyastutik & Nia Kurniawati Hidayat, 2025, "Non-Tariff Measures on Indonesian Tea Products: Do SPS and TBT Impede or Promote the Export?," Economics and Finance in Indonesia, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, volume 71, pages 69-87, June.
• Devasmita Jena & Uzair Muzaffar & Rahul Nath Choudhury, 2025, "Weaning away from China – Trade and Welfare Implications," Working Papers, Madras School of Economics,Chennai,India, number 2025-279, Apr.
• Pau S. Pujolas & Jack Rossbach, 2025, "How Should Canada React to the Looming U.S. Trade War?," Department of Economics Working Papers, McMaster University, number 2025-01, Jan.
• Guida Nogueira & Paulo Inácio & Joana Almodovar, 2025, "European Framework for Strategic Dependencies: insights from Portugal between 2019 and 2024," GEE Papers, Gabinete de Estratégia e Estudos, Ministério da Economia, number 189, Feb, revised Feb 2025.
• Behnaz Minooei Fard, 2025, "The Impact of Political and Economic Constraints on the Rare Earth Elements Market," Working Papers, Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance, number tax-mpg-rps-2025-06, Sep.
• Kai A. Konrad & Marcel Thum, 2025, "Closing Multiple Sanction Loopholes," Working Papers, Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance, number tax-mpg-rps-2025-07, Dec.
• Panle Jia Barwick & Hyuk-Soo Kwon & Shanjun Li & Nahim B. Zahur, 2025, "Drive Down the Cost: Learning by Doing and Government Policies in the Global EV Battery Industry," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33378, Jan.
• Douglas A. Irwin, 2025, "Dismantling the License Raj: The Long Road to India’s 1991 Trade Reforms," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33420, Jan.
• Douglas A. Irwin, 2025, "Trade Policy, Exchange Rates, and the Globalization Surge of the 1990s," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33426, Jan.
• T. Renee Bowen & J. Lawrence Broz & Christina J. Schneider, 2025, "Domestic Politics and International Organizations," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33526, Feb.
• Javier Bianchi & Louphou Coulibaly, 2025, "The Optimal Monetary Policy Response to Tariffs," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33560, Mar.
• George A. Alessandria & Shafaat Yar Khan & Armen Khederlarian & Kim J. Ruhl & Joseph B. Steinberg, 2025, "Recovering Credible Trade Elasticities from Incredible Trade Reforms," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33568, Mar.
• Kimberly A. Clausing & Jonathan M. Colmer & Allan Hsiao & Catherine Wolfram, 2025, "The Global Effects of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33723, Apr.
• Mark A. Aguiar & Manuel Amador & Doireann Fitzgerald, 2025, "Tariff Wars and Net Foreign Assets," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33743, May.
• Oleg Itskhoki & Dmitry Mukhin, 2025, "The Optimal Macro Tariff," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33839, May.
• Laura Alfaro & Harald Fadinger & Jan S. Schymik & Gede Virananda, 2025, "Trade and Industrial Policy in Supply Chains: Directed Technological Change in Rare Earths," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33877, May.
• Eduardo Dávila & Andrés Rodríguez-Clare & Andreas Schaab & Stacy Tan, 2025, "A Dynamic Theory of Optimal Tariffs," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33898, Jun.
• Stephanie Schmitt-Grohé & Martín Uribe, 2025, "Transitory and Permanent Import Tariff Shocks in the United States: An Empirical Investigation," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 33997, Jul.
• Lorenzo Caliendo & Samuel S. Kortum & Fernando Parro, 2025, "Tariffs and Trade Deficits," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34003, Jul.
• James E. Anderson & Yoto V. Yotov, 2025, "Tariff Reciprocity," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34052, Jul.
• John S. Becko & Gene M. Grossman & Elhanan Helpman, 2025, "Optimal Tariffs with Geopolitical Alignment," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34108, Aug.
• Elhanan Helpman, 2025, "The Future of Foreign Trade," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34189, Aug.
• Kimberly A. Clausing & Maurice Obstfeld, 2025, "Tariffs as Fiscal Policy," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34192, Oct.
• Joseph B. Steinberg, 2025, "Tariffs, Manufacturing Employment, and Supply Chains," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34236, Sep.
• Yan Bai & Dan Lu & Hanxi Wang, 2025, "Optimal Trade Policies and Market Power in General Equilibrium Trade Models," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34358, Oct.
• Anh D. Do & Sharat Ganapati & Woan Foong Wong & Oren Ziv, 2025, "Transshipment Hubs, Trade, and Supply Chains," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34361, Oct.
• Aaron B. Flaaen & Ali Hortaçsu & Felix Tintelnot & Nicolás Urdaneta & Daniel Xu, 2025, "Who Pays for Tariffs Along the Supply Chain? Evidence from European Wine Tariffs," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34392, Oct.
• Todd D. Gerarden & Bryan K. Bollinger & Kenneth Gillingham & Daniel Xu, 2025, "Strategic Avoidance and the Welfare Impacts of U.S. Solar Panel Tariffs," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34401, Oct.
• Joseph B. Steinberg, 2025, "Trade Policy Ambiguity," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34408, Oct.
• Laura Alfaro & Davin Chor, 2025, "An Anatomy of the Great Reallocation in US Supply Chain Trade," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34490, Nov.
• Alberto Cavallo & Paola Llamas & Franco M. Vazquez, 2025, "Tracking the Short-Run Price Impact of U.S. Tariffs," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34496, Nov.
• Manho Kang & Xiangtao Meng & Katheryn N. Russ & James Waters, 2025, "Tariffs on Medical Goods: Pass-through, Geography, and Aggregate Costs to the US Healthcare System," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 34531, Dec.
• Rodolphe Desbordes & Markus Eberhardt & Mario Larch, 2025, "A democratic dividend in trade? Evidence from a flexible empirical implementation," Discussion Papers, University of Nottingham, GEP, number 2025-02.
• Clara Frezal & Annelies Deuss, 2025, "Trade-related measures linked to the environmental sustainability of agriculture: A stocktake and typology," OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, OECD Publishing, number 216, Feb.
• Edith Laget & Annelies Deuss, 2025, "Sanitary And Phytosanitary Electronic Certificates: Current Practices and Benefits," OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, OECD Publishing, number 219, Feb.
• Annelies Deuss & Alison Watson & Olivia du Bois, 2025, "Environmental sustainability initiatives related to highly traded agricultural commodities: Case study of the Australian beef and wheat sectors," OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers, OECD Publishing, number 220, Apr.
• Shunta Yamaguchi & Colette van der Ven, 2025, "Exploring synergies between environmental labelling and standards, and trade in environmental goods," OECD Trade and Environment Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 2025/01, Jun.
• Oecd, 2025, "Government support in the solar and wind value chains," OECD Trade Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, number 288, Jan.
• Alexander Jaax & Elisabeth van Lieshout, 2025, "Mapping efforts to protect worker rights in supply chains," OECD Trade Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, number 291, Feb.
• Cosimo Beverelli & Martín Breitkopf & Matteo Fiorini & Enxhi Tresa, 2025, "Services trade and environmental sustainability: Conceptual linkages and empirical patterns," OECD Trade Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, number 292, May.
• Evdokia Moïsé & Enxhi Tresa, 2025, "Non-Tariff Measures Affecting Environmental Goods Trade," OECD Trade Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, number 294, May.
• Javier López González & Chiara Del Giovane & Janos Ferencz, 2025, "A Preliminary Mapping of Measures Affecting the Cross-Border Flow of Non-Personal Data," OECD Trade Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, number 295, Jun.
• Andrea Andrenelli & Przemyslaw Kowalski & Clarisse Legendre & Grégoire Garsous & Elli Frysalaki & Nathan Alan-Lee, 2025, "Trade and domestic effects of export restrictions: Insights from case studies of cobalt, lithium and nickel," OECD Trade Policy Papers, OECD Publishing, number 300, Dec.
• Martin Schneider & Richard Sellner, 2025, "The impact of US tariffs on EU industries: results from a global input-output model (OeNB Bulletin Q3/25)," OeNB Bulletin, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue Q3/25-2, pages 1-26.
• Daniel Nicu IONAȘ & Andreea-Florina FORA, 2025, "The Role Of Big Tech In International Trade: Platforms As Facilitators Of Cross-Border E-Commerce," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, volume 34, issue 1, pages 447-456, July.
• Keo, Borin & Li, Bin & Younis, Waqas, 2025, "Measuring trade costs and analyzing the determinants of trade growth between Cambodia and major trading partners: 1993–2019," OSF Preprints, Center for Open Science, number d6vte_v1, Jan, DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/d6vte_v1.
• Hayato Kato & Kensuke Suzuki & Motoaki Takahashi, 2025, "Trade Policy and Structural Change," Discussion Papers in Economics and Business, Osaka University, Graduate School of Economics, number 25-07, Aug.
• Hinnerk Gnutzmann & Arevik Gnutzmann-Mkrtchyan & Tobias Korn, 2025, "Reversal of Economic Integration: Evidence from EU Enlargement," Working Papers, Leibniz Institut für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung (Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies), number 407, Apr.
• Alessia Campolmi & Harald Fadinger & Chiara Forlati, 2025, "Trade and Domestic Policies under Monopolistic Competition," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, volume 135, issue 667, pages 892-913.
• Woubet Kassa & Habtamu Edjigu & Shushanik Hakobyan, 2025, "Uncertainty in Preferential Trade Agreements: Impact of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) Suspension on Exports," Journal of African Economies, Centre for the Study of African Economies, volume 34, issue 5, pages 569-583.
• Anthonin Levelu & Anna Maria Mayda & Gianluca Orefice, 2025, "Deep trade agreements and international migration: the role of visa provisions," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, volume 25, issue 1, pages 75-92.
• Thierry Mayer & Hillel Rapoport & Camilo Umana-Dajud, 2025, "Free Trade Agreements and the movement of business people," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, volume 25, issue 1, pages 93-126.
• Pedro Ogeda & Emanuel Ornelas & Rodrigo R Soares, 2025, "Labor Unions and the Electoral Consequences of Trade Liberalization," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, volume 23, issue 1, pages 236-280.
• Catherine Bros & Julie Lochard & Neha B Upadhayay, 2025, "Does gender matter for trade policy? Evidence from contingent protection," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, volume 77, issue 3, pages 771-789.
• Samuel Delpeuch & Etienne Fize & Philippe Martin, 2025, "Trade Imbalances, Fiscal Imbalances and the Rise of Protectionism: Evidence from G20 Countries," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, volume 73, issue 3, pages 950-987, September, DOI: 10.1057/s41308-024-00247-w.
• Anhua Chen, 2025, "The endogenous relationship between technology and market structure in container shipping: a synthesis of recent structural analyses," Maritime Economics & Logistics, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME), volume 27, issue 3, pages 405-429, September, DOI: 10.1057/s41278-025-00329-0.
• Abul Bashar Mohammed, 2025, "Four Decades in the global apparel value chain: Evidence from Bangladesh," Departmental Working Papers, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, number 2025-01.
• Kym Anderson, 2025, "China s wine market: Recent shocks, long-term prospects," Departmental Working Papers, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, number 2025-08.
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• Kym Anderson & Roehlano Briones, 2025, "Philippines agricultural protection and insulation in international perspective," Departmental Working Papers, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics, number 2025-12.
• Adrian R. Mendoza, 2025, "Navigating turbulent waters: The Philippines’ global value chains experience amid trade wars," UP School of Economics Discussion Papers, University of the Philippines School of Economics, number 202501, Feb.
• Junaid Ahmed, 2025, "Pakistan`s Dismal Export Performance: A Survey of Empirical Literature," PIDE-Working Papers, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, number 2025:10.
• Nicola Meccheri, 2025, "Port cross-ownership and privatization in international trade with tariff protection," Discussion Papers, Dipartimento di Economia e Management (DEM), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, number 2025/325, Oct.
• Ozili, Peterson K, 2025, "Exchange rate and financial inclusion," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 123292.
• Kohnert, Dirk, 2025, "Impact of Trump 2.0 on Sub-Saharan Africa," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 123735, Feb.
• Kohnert, Dirk, 2025, "Impact de Trump 2.0 sur l'Afrique subsaharienne
  [Impact of Trump 2.0 on Sub-Saharan Africa]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 123736, Feb.
• Kohnert, Dirk, 2025, "Impact of Trump 2.0 on Sub-Saharan Africa," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 123754, Feb.
• Kohnert, Dirk, 2025, "How Elon Musk's expanding footprint is shaping the future of sub-Saharan Africa," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 123992, Mar.
• Kohnert, Dirk, 2025, "Comment l'expansion d'Elon Musk façonne l'avenir de l'Afrique subsaharienne
  [How Elon Musk's expanding footprint is shaping the future of sub-Saharan Africa]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 124161, Mar.
• Kohnert, Dirk, 2025, "How Elon Musk's expanding footprint is shaping the future of sub-Saharan Africa," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 124163, Mar.
• PINSHI, Christian P., 2025, "Gouvernance du cobalt et pouvoir stratégique : une analyse intertemporelle hamiltonienne de la suspension des exportations en RDC
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