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El Acuerdo UE-Mercosur: análisis de sus características con una perspectiva sectorial

Author

Listed:
  • Rodolfo G. Campos

    (BANCO DE ESPAÑA)

  • Jacopo Timini

    (BANCO DE ESPAÑA)

  • Francesca Viani

    (BANCO DE ESPAÑA)

  • Elena Vidal

    (BANCO DE ESPAÑA)

Abstract

El acuerdo de asociación entre la Unión Europea (UE) y Mercosur (Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay), culminado tras más de 25 años de negociaciones, busca establecer un mercado más integrado comercialmente entre dos regiones que, en conjunto, superan los 770 millones de personas. El acuerdo contempla la eliminación progresiva de los aranceles en más del 90 % del comercio bilateral. No obstante, ciertos productos, especialmente agrícolas en el caso de la UE, seguirán sujetos a los aranceles actuales o a reducciones limitadas mediante cuotas. En su conjunto, el acuerdo reduciría el promedio ponderado de los aranceles aplicados en el comercio entre ambas regiones, conocido como «arancel efectivo». Para Mercosur, el arancel efectivo pasaría del 11 % previo al acuerdo a apenas un 1 % tras su plena implementación. En el caso de la UE, el arancel efectivo se reduciría del 4 % al 2 %. Esta disminución refleja el impacto combinado de la liberalización arancelaria y las excepciones sectoriales acordadas. Además, el acuerdo incluye medidas para reducir las barreras no arancelarias, facilitar el comercio de las materias primas críticas, y garantizar estándares ambientales. Según estudios recientes, se calcula que el comercio entre ambas regiones podría aumentar en torno al 40 % a largo plazo.

Suggested Citation

  • Rodolfo G. Campos & Jacopo Timini & Francesca Viani & Elena Vidal, 2026. "El Acuerdo UE-Mercosur: análisis de sus características con una perspectiva sectorial," Occasional Papers 2601, Banco de España.
    • Handle: RePEc:bde:opaper:2601
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.53479/42245
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration

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