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Tickets to the global market: First US patent award and Chinese firm exports

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  • Gong, Robin Kaiji
  • Li, Yao Amber
  • Manova, Kalina
  • Sun, Stephen Teng

Abstract

We investigate how international patent activity enables firms from emerging economies to thrive in the global marketplace. We match Chinese customs data to US patent records, and leverage the quasi-random assignment of USPTO patent examiners to identify the causal effect of a US patent grant on the subsequent export performance of Chinese firms. Successful first-time patent applicants achieve significantly higher export growth, compared to otherwise similar first-time applicants that failed. This effect operates only in small part through market protection for technologically patent-related products in the US, and is largely driven by expansion in other markets. The response across destinations and products reveals that a US patent award signals the Chinese firm’s capacity to produce high-quality products and credibility to honor contracts, mitigating information frictions in international trade. There is little evidence for the relaxation of financial constraints or the promotion of follow-on innovation.

Suggested Citation

  • Gong, Robin Kaiji & Li, Yao Amber & Manova, Kalina & Sun, Stephen Teng, 2025. "Tickets to the global market: First US patent award and Chinese firm exports," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:inecon:v:157:y:2025:i:c:s0022199625000807
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2025.104124
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    2. Anna Gumpert & Kalina Manova & Cristina Rujan & Monika Schnitzer & Kalina B. Manova, 2025. "Multinational Firms and Global Innovation," CESifo Working Paper Series 11713, CESifo.
    3. Jesse LaBelle & Inmaculada Martinez-Zarzoso & Ana Maria Santacreu & Yoto V. Yotov, 2023. "Cross-Border Patenting, Globalization, and Development," CESifo Working Paper Series 10850, CESifo.
    4. Boeing, Philipp & Mueller, Elisabeth, 2024. "Global influence of inventions and technology sovereignty," ZEW policy briefs 01/2024, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • O30 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - General
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • O34 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital

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