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Comercio exterior de servicios en Colombia 1994-2024: Un análisis descriptivo

Author

Listed:
  • Sandra Isabel Salamanca-Gil
  • Enrique Montes-Uribe
  • Juan Sebastián Silva-Rodríguez

Abstract

El comercio exterior de servicios es un componente fundamental de la cuenta corriente en Colombia y su dinamismo lo consolida como un elemento clave para la sostenibilidad de la cuenta corriente del país, al diversificar las fuentes de ingresos externos y reducir la vulnerabilidad frente a choques sobre el comercio de productos y servicios tradicionales. Gracias a su diversidad y a que algunos servicios pueden entregarse digitalmente, la inserción de los servicios en las cadenas globales de valor resulta más sencilla, ampliando así el potencial exportador del país. A pesar de su relevancia, este tema ha sido escasamente documentado en Colombia. Con esta motivación, el presente trabajo analiza la evolución del comercio exterior de servicios durante los últimos treinta años, identificando aspectos clave en su dinámica y en la composición de la canasta exportadora e importadora. Los resultados muestran que, aunque los servicios tradicionales aun predominan, los servicios modernos han registrado tasas de crecimiento superiores. Estos últimos incorporan un mayor contenido de conocimiento, vinculado al uso de capital humano calificado, y presentan la ventaja de una comercialización más flexible al ser usualmente prestados mediante suministro transfronterizo, superando así las barreras impuestas por la distancia. ***ABSTRACT: Trade in services is a significant component of Colombia’s current account. The expansion of this sector has helped sustain the country’s external balance by generating new sources of foreign income and reducing vulnerability to fluctuations in traditional goods and services trade. Due to their diversity and the increasing capacity for digital delivery, services are more readily integrated into global value chains, thereby enhancing Colombia’s export potential. Despite the sector’s importance, research on this topic in Colombia remains limited. This paper addresses this gap by analyzing the evolution of Colombia’s trade in services over the past thirty years, with a focus on key trends in both exports and imports. The analysis indicates that although traditional services continue to predominate, modern services have experienced faster growth. These modern services are characterized by greater knowledge intensity, reliance on skilled labor, and the use of flexible sales channels, as they are frequently delivered across borders and are less constrained by geographic distance.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandra Isabel Salamanca-Gil & Enrique Montes-Uribe & Juan Sebastián Silva-Rodríguez, 2026. "Comercio exterior de servicios en Colombia 1994-2024: Un análisis descriptivo," Borradores de Economia 1351, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1351
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    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • L8 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services

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