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The Quantitative Role of Child Care for Female Labor Force Participation and Fertility

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Cited by:

  1. Jensen, Mathias Fjællegaard & Zhang, Ning, 2024. "Effects of Parental Death on Labor Market Outcomes and Gender Inequalities," IZA Discussion Papers 17127, IZA Network @ LISER.
  2. Pennerstorfer, Astrid & Pennerstorfer, Dieter, 2019. "How small are small markets? Local market size for child care services," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 340-355.
  3. Goldstein, Markus & Gonzalez Martinez, Paula Lorena & Papineni, Sreelakshmi & Wimpey, Joshua Seth, 2022. "Childcare, COVID-19 and Female Firm Exit : Impact of COVID-19 School Closure Policies on Global Gender Gaps in Business Outcomes," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10012, The World Bank.
  4. Gu, Hejun & Bian, Fengqin & Elahi, Ehsan, 2021. "Impact of availability of grandparents’ care on birth in working women: An empirical analysis based on data of Chinese dynamic labour force," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
  5. Doepke, M. & Tertilt, M., 2016. "Families in Macroeconomics," Handbook of Macroeconomics, in: J. B. Taylor & Harald Uhlig (ed.), Handbook of Macroeconomics, edition 1, volume 2, chapter 0, pages 1789-1891, Elsevier.
  6. de Boer, Henk-Wim & Jongen, Egbert L.W. & Kabatek, Jan, 2022. "The effectiveness of fiscal stimuli for working parents," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
  7. Gema Zamarro & María J. Prados, 2021. "Gender differences in couples’ division of childcare, work and mental health during COVID-19," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 11-40, March.
  8. Nezih Guner & Ezgi Kaya & Virginia Sánchez-Marcos, 2014. "Gender gaps in Spain: policies and outcomes over the last three decades," SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, Springer;Spanish Economic Association, vol. 5(1), pages 61-103, March.
  9. Volker Meier, 2017. "Zur optimalen Höhe von Subventionen für Kinderbetreuung: Ist das Betreuungsgeld überflüssig?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 70(04), pages 21-23, February.
  10. Semih Tumen & Belgi Turan, 2023. "The effect of fertility on female labor supply in a labor market with extensive informality," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 65(4), pages 1855-1894, October.
  11. Nakakuni, Kanato, 2024. "Macroeconomic analysis of the child benefit: Fertility, demographic structure, and welfare," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
  12. Reo Takaku, 2019. "The wall for mothers with first graders: availability of afterschool childcare and continuity of maternal labor supply in Japan," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 177-199, March.
  13. Katrin Huber, 2019. "The role of the career costs of children for the effect of public child care on fertility and maternal employment," Working Papers 185, Bavarian Graduate Program in Economics (BGPE).
  14. Agovino Massimiliano & Garofalo Antonio & Cerciello Massimiliano, 2019. "Do Local Institutions Affect Labour Market Participation? The Italian Case," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 19(2), pages 1-21, April.
  15. Georg Duernecker & Berthold Herrendorf, 2015. "On the Allocation of Time - A Quantitative Analysis of the U.S. and France," CESifo Working Paper Series 5475, CESifo.
  16. Garstenauer, Viola & Siassi, Nawid, 2024. "Low-Income Families, Maternal Labor Supply, and Welfare Reform," ECON WPS - Working Papers in Economic Theory and Policy 01/2024, TU Wien, Institute of Statistics and Mathematical Methods in Economics, Economics Research Unit.
  17. Padula, Mario & Battistin, Erich & De Nadai, Michele, 2014. "Roadblocks on the Road to Grandma's House: Fertility Consequences of Delayed Retirement," CEPR Discussion Papers 9945, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  18. Michele Cantarella & Chiara Strozzi, 2021. "Workers in the crowd: the labor market impact of the online platform economy [An evaluation of instrumental variable strategies for estimating the effects of catholic schooling]," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 30(6), pages 1429-1458.
  19. Bauernschuster, Stefan & Schlotter, Martin, 2015. "Public child care and mothers' labor supply—Evidence from two quasi-experiments," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 1-16.
  20. Yuki Uemura, 2023. "The Impacts of Family Policies on Labor Supply, Fertility, and Social Welfare," KIER Working Papers 1100, Kyoto University, Institute of Economic Research.
  21. Albanesi, Stefania & Olivetti, Claudia & Petrongolo, Barbara, 2022. "Families, labor markets and policy," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 118038, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  22. Rainald Borck, 2014. "Adieu Rabenmutter—culture, fertility, female labour supply, the gender wage gap and childcare," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 27(3), pages 739-765, July.
  23. A.H.M. Shahid Shami & Tania Islam & Istihak Rayhan, 2019. "Investigating the Macroeconomic Factors That Determine a Female Worker to Participate in the Labor Force: Evidence from the South Asian Countries," Journal of Business, LAR Center Press, vol. 4(2), pages 12-18, February.
  24. Matthias Doepke & Fabian Kindermann, 2019. "Bargaining over Babies: Theory, Evidence, and Policy Implications," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 109(9), pages 3264-3306, September.
  25. Hippolyte d’Albis & Paula Gobbi & Angela Greulich, 2015. "Access to Childcare and Second Child Arrival in European Countries," LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES 2015010, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
  26. Gerhard Glomm & Volker Meier, 2016. "Modes of Child Care," CESifo Working Paper Series 6287, CESifo.
  27. R.D. Mariani & F. C. Rosati, 2022. "Immigrant supply of marketable child care and native fertility in Italy," JODE - Journal of Demographic Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 88(4), pages 503-533, December.
  28. Backhaus, Andreas & Barslund, Mikkel, 2021. "The effect of grandchildren on grandparental labor supply: Evidence from Europe," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
  29. Guner, Nezih & Ventura, Gustavo & Kaygusuz, Remzi, 2013. "Childcare Subsidies and Household Labor Supply," CEPR Discussion Papers 9775, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  30. Kang, Cheolmin & Kawamura, Akira & Noguchi, Haruko, 2022. "Does free healthcare improve children's healthcare use and outcomes? Evidence from Japan's healthcare subsidy for young children," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 372-406.
  31. Aletheia Donald & Julia Vaillant & Francisco Campos & Maria Emilia Cucagna, 2018. "Caring about Carework," World Bank Publications - Reports 30118, The World Bank Group.
  32. Fukai, Taiyo, 2017. "Childcare availability and fertility: Evidence from municipalities in Japan," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 1-18.
  33. Titan Alon & Sena Coskun & Matthias Doepke & David Koll & Michèle Tertilt, 2022. "From Mancession to Shecession: Women’s Employment in Regular and Pandemic Recessions," NBER Macroeconomics Annual, University of Chicago Press, vol. 36(1), pages 83-151.
  34. Titan Alon & Matthias Doepke & Jane Olmstead-Rumsey, 2020. "This Time It's Different: The Role of Women's Employment in a Pandemic Recession," Working Papers 2020-057, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group.
  35. Fan Qin & Yinhe Liang, 2025. "Children’s access to public education and maternal employment: evidence from China," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 38(4), pages 1-35, December.
  36. Jie Wei & Yonghui Zhang, 2022. "Panel Probit Models with Time‐Varying Individual Effects: Reestimating the Effects of Fertility on Female Labour Participation," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 84(4), pages 799-829, August.
  37. Erich Battistin & Michele De Nadai & Mario Padula, 2015. "Roadblocks on the Road to Grandma�s House: Fertility Consequences of Delayed Retirement," Working Papers 748, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
  38. Alexander Bick & Nicola Fuchs-Schündeln, 2018. "Taxation and Labour Supply of Married Couples across Countries: A Macroeconomic Analysis," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 85(3), pages 1543-1576.
  39. Regina T. Riphahn & Frederik Wiynck, 2017. "Fertility effects of child benefits," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 30(4), pages 1135-1184, October.
  40. Stefan Bauernschuster & Timo Hener & Helmut Rainer, 2016. "Children Of A (Policy) Revolution: The Introduction Of Universal Child Care And Its Effect On Fertility," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 14(4), pages 975-1005, August.
  41. Jeremy Greenwood & Nezih Guner & Guillaume Vandenbroucke, 2017. "Family Economics Writ Large," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 55(4), pages 1346-1434, December.
  42. Hippolyte d’ALBIS & Paula E. GOBBI & Angela GREULICH, 2017. "Having a Second Child and Access to Childcare : Evidence from European Countries," JODE - Journal of Demographic Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 83(2), pages 177-210, June.
  43. Virginia Sanchez Marcos & Ezgi Kaya & Nezih Guner, 2017. "Labor Market Frictions and Lowest Low Fertility," 2017 Meeting Papers 1015, Society for Economic Dynamics.
  44. Hanna Wang, 2026. "Fertility and Family Leave Policies in Germany: Optimal Policy Design in a Dynamic FrameworK," CESifo Working Paper Series 12416, CESifo.
  45. Costas Siriopoulos & Sophia A. Kassapi, 2023. "Female Labor Participation and Mother’s Daycare in Greece Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic: A Regional Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-20, July.
  46. Rupert, Peter & Zanella, Giulio, 2018. "Grandchildren and their grandparents' labor supply," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 89-103.
  47. Eric Schuss & Mohammed Azaouagh, 2021. "Combining parenthood and work: transmission channels and heterogeneous returns to early public childcare," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 641-676, September.
  48. Garrett Anstreicher & Joanna Venator, 2022. "To Grandmother’s House We Go: Childcare Time Transfers and Female Labor Mobility," Boston College Working Papers in Economics 1051, Boston College Department of Economics.
  49. Maria Victoria Uribe Bohorquez & Isabel María García Sánchez, 2023. "Sustainability in times of crisis: Female employment during COVID‐19," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(6), pages 3124-3139, November.
  50. David M. Zimmer, 2024. "The effects of infant daycare on later‐in‐life employment outcomes," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 83(1), pages 143-156, January.
  51. Ann-Marie Sommerfeld, 2023. "The Effect of Schooling on Parental Integration: Evidence from Germany," SOEPpapers on Multidisciplinary Panel Data Research 1198, DIW Berlin, The German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP).
  52. Abir, Raphael & Boll, Christina & Bonin, Holger & Gerlach, Irene & Hank, Karsten & Laß, Inga & Nehrkorn-Ludwig, Marc-André & Reich, Nora & Reuß, Karsten & Schnabel, Reinhold & Stichnoth, Holger & Wilk, 2014. "Evaluation der Wirkung ehe- und familienbezogener Leistungen auf die Geburtenrate/Erfüllung von Kinderwünschen. Endbericht. Gutachten für die Prognos AG," ZEW Expertises, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, number 110573.
  53. Helene Turon, 2022. "The Labour Supply of Mothers," Bristol Economics Discussion Papers 22/769, School of Economics, University of Bristol, UK.
  54. Akiko Sakanishi, 2020. "Spatial analysis of female labor force participation rates in Japan," International Journal of Economic Policy Studies, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 351-361, August.
  55. Tobias Laun & Johanna Wallenius, 2021. "Having It All? Employment, Earnings, and Children," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 123(1), pages 353-381, January.
  56. Cerciello, Massimiliano & Agovino, Massimiliano & Garofalo, Antonio, 2019. "The caring hand that cripples? The effects of the European regional policy on local labour market participation in Southern Italy," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
  57. Gao, Han, 2025. "Social security and female labor supply in China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 238(C).
  58. Astrid Pennerstorfer & Dieter Pennerstorfer, 2018. "How Small are Small Markets? Location Choice and Geographical Market Size for Child Care Services," Economics working papers 2018-14, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria.
  59. Anukriti, S & Dinarte, Lelys & Elefante, Marina & Montoya-Aguirre, Maria & Sakhonchik, Alena, 2023. "Filling the Gaps : Childcare Laws for Women's Economic Empowerment," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10492, The World Bank.
  60. Gerhard Glomm & Volker Meier, 2020. "Efficient child care subsidies: any need for cash for care?," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 773-793, September.
  61. Cantarella, Michele & Strozzi, Chiara, 2019. "Workers in the Crowd: The Labour Market Impact of the Online Platform Economy," IZA Discussion Papers 12327, IZA Network @ LISER.
  62. Averkamp, Dorothée, 2024. "The Gender Wage Gap, Labor-Market Experience, and Family Choices: Lessons from East Germany?," VfS Annual Conference 2024 (Berlin): Upcoming Labor Market Challenges 302347, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  63. Elizabeth Caucutt & Lance Lochner & Joseph Mullins & Youngmin Park, 2026. "Child Skill Production: Accounting for Parental and Market-Based Time and Goods Investments," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 134(1), pages 150-209.
  64. David Koll & Dominik Sachs & Fabian Stürmer-Heiber & Hélène Turon, 2024. "Quantifying Okun’s Leaky Bucket: The Case of Progressive Childcare Subsidies," CESifo Working Paper Series 11196, CESifo.
  65. Muhammed QASIM & Muhammed Abrar ul HAQ & Tarik HUSSEIN & Charagh ROSHAN, 2018. "Does Women Well-being Matter for Demand and Development of Children?," EKOIST Journal of Econometrics and Statistics, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 14(29), pages 169-197, December.
  66. Eric Schuss & Mohammed Azaouagh, 2023. "The expansion of early childcare and transitions to first and second birth in Germany," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 75(2), pages 476-507, April.
  67. Eva Garcia-Moran & Zoe Kuehn, 2017. "With Strings Attached: Grandparent-Provided Child Care and Female Labor Market Outcomes," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 23, pages 80-98, January.
  68. Pierre Pora, 2020. "Keep Working and Spend Less? Collective Childcare and Parental Earnings in France," Working Papers hal-04159681, HAL.
  69. Christian Bredemeier & Patrick Ndlovu & Sunčica Vujić & Roland Winkler, 2025. "Household decisions and the gender gap in job satisfaction," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 72(1), February.
  70. David Koll & Dominik Sachs & Fabian Stürmer-Heiber & Hélène Turon, 2025. "Quantifying Okun’s Leaky Bucket: The Case of Progressive Childcare Subsidies," Bristol Economics Discussion Papers 25/799, School of Economics, University of Bristol, UK.
  71. Katherine Lim & Mike Zabek, 2024. "Women’s Labor Force Exits During COVID-19: Differences by Motherhood, Race, and Ethnicity," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 45(3), pages 504-527, September.
  72. Darapheak Tin & Chung Tran, 2024. "Child-Related Transfers, Means Testing and Welfare," ANU Working Papers in Economics and Econometrics 2024-701, Australian National University, College of Business and Economics, School of Economics.
  73. Cheolmin Kang & Akira Kawamura & Haruko Noguchi, 2019. "Does Free Healthcare Affect Children's Healthcare Use and Outcomes?," Working Papers 1914, Waseda University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics.
  74. Bredemeier, Christian, 2019. "Gender Gaps in Pay and Inter-Firm Mobility," IZA Discussion Papers 12785, IZA Network @ LISER.
  75. Holger Stichnoth, 2020. "Short-run fertility effects of parental leave benefits: evidence from a structural model," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 59(1), pages 143-168, July.
  76. Sagiri Kitao & Dinamo Mikoshiba, 2022. "Why Women Work the Way They Do in Japan: Roles of Fiscal Policies," CAMA Working Papers 2022-21, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
  77. Panayiota Lyssiotou & Ruzica Savcic, 2022. "Parents' Time Allocation in Different Phases of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from the UK and Implications for Gender Equality," University of Cyprus Working Papers in Economics 03-2022, University of Cyprus Department of Economics.
  78. Olympia Bover & Nezih Guner & Yuliya Kulikova & Alessandro Ruggieri & Carlos Sanz, 2025. "Family-Friendly Policies and Fertility: What Firms Have to Do With It?," Working Papers wp2025_2517, CEMFI.
  79. García-Morán, Eva & Kuehn, Zoe, 2012. "With strings attached: Grandparent-provided child care, fertility, and female labor market outcomes," MPRA Paper 37001, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  80. Stefania Albanesi, 2023. "The Outlook for Women's Employment and Labor Force Participation," NBER Working Papers 31916, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  81. Hassani Nezhad, Lena, 2020. "Female Employment and Childcare," IZA Discussion Papers 13839, IZA Network @ LISER.
  82. Duernecker, Georg & Herrendorf, Berthold, 2018. "On the allocation of time – A quantitative analysis of the roles of taxes and productivities," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 169-187.
  83. Audrey Bousselin, 2022. "Access to universal childcare and its effect on maternal employment," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 20(2), pages 497-532, June.
  84. Narazani, Edlira & Agúndez García, Ana & Christl, Michael & Figari, Francesco, 2025. "Increased childcare to promote mothers’ employment in selected EU countries," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 492-511.
  85. Müller, Kai-Uwe & Wrohlich, Katharina, 2020. "Does subsidized care for toddlers increase maternal labor supply? Evidence from a large-scale expansion of early childcare," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
  86. Haibin Jiang, 2020. "The Effects of the Child Care Tax Credit on Maternal Labor Supply," Working Papers 2015, Tulane University, Department of Economics.
  87. Chihiro Inoue & Yusuke Ishihata & Suguru Otani, 2026. "Marital Sorting on Pre-Marital Preferences for Household Behavior," Papers 2603.25372, arXiv.org.
  88. Katrine M. Jakobsen & Thomas H. J�rgensen & Hamish Low, 2022. "Fertility and Family Labor Supply," CEBI working paper series 22-04, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics. The Center for Economic Behavior and Inequality (CEBI).
  89. Nezih Guner & Ezgi Kaya & Virginia Sánchez‐Marcos, 2024. "Labor Market Institutions And Fertility," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 65(3), pages 1551-1587, August.
  90. Katharina Wrohlich, 2006. "Labor Supply and Child Care Choices in a Rationed Child Care Market," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin 570, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research.
  91. Tertilt, Michèle & Doepke, Matthias & Olmstead-Rumsey, Jane, 2020. "This Time It’s Different: The Role of Women’s Employment in a Pandemic Recession," CEPR Discussion Papers 15149, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  92. Claudia Hupkau & Jenifer Ruiz-Valenzuela, 2022. "Work and children in Spain: challenges and opportunities for equality between men and women," SERIEs: Journal of the Spanish Economic Association, Springer;Spanish Economic Association, vol. 13(1), pages 243-268, May.
  93. David Koll & Dominik Sachs & Fabian Stürmer-Heiber & Hélène Turon, 2023. "Equity and Efficiency of Childcare Subsidies: A Dynamic Structural Approach," CESifo Working Paper Series 10793, CESifo.
  94. Ueno, Yuko & 上野, 有子 & Usui, Emiko & 臼井, 恵美子, 2021. "The Effects of Providing Childcare on Grandmothers’ Employment and Mental Health in Japan, 日本で孫の育児が祖母の就業とメンタルヘルスに及ぼす影響," CIS Discussion paper series 691, Center for Intergenerational Studies, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University.
  95. Osuna Victoria, 2021. "Subsidising Formal Childcare Versus Grandmothers' Time: Which Policy is More Effective?," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 15(1), pages 85-111, January.
  96. Spencer Bastani & Sören Blomquist & Luca Micheletto, 2020. "Child Care Subsidies, Quality, and Optimal Income Taxation," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 12(4), pages 1-37, November.
  97. Kozhaya, Mireille, 2022. "The double burden: The impact of school closures on labor force participation of mothers," Ruhr Economic Papers 956, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
  98. Shelley Clark & Caroline W. Kabiru & Sonia Laszlo & Stella Muthuri, 2019. "The Impact of Childcare on Poor Urban Women’s Economic Empowerment in Africa," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 56(4), pages 1247-1272, August.
  99. Ho Christine, 2019. "Optimal Disability Insurance with Informal Child Care," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 19(2), pages 1-42, April.
  100. Beckmannshagen, Mattis & Schröder, Carsten, 2022. "Earnings inequality and working hours mismatch," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
  101. David Koll & Dominik Sachs & Fabian Stuermer-Heiber & Helene Turon, 2019. "The fiscal return to childcare policies," 2019 Meeting Papers 1081, Society for Economic Dynamics.
  102. Ann-Marie Sommerfeld, 2024. "The Effect of Schooling on Parental Integration," CESifo Working Paper Series 11582, CESifo.
  103. Emanuela Cardia & Paul Gomme, 2018. "Market Work, Housework and Childcare: A Time Use Approach," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 29, pages 1-14, July.
  104. Edlira Narazania & Ana Agundez Garcia & Michael Christl & Francesco Figari, 2023. "The impact of alternative childcare policies on mothers' employment in selected EU countries," Working Papers 636, ECINEQ, Society for the Study of Economic Inequality.
  105. Stefan Bauernschuster & Anita Fichtl & Timo Hener & Helmut Rainer & Anita Dietrich, 2014. "Kinder einer Politikreform: Führen mehr Krippenplätze zu mehr Kindern?," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 67(10), pages 30-37, May.
  106. García-Morán, Eva & Kuehn, Zoe, 2013. "With strings attached: Grandparent-provided child care and female labor market outcomes," MPRA Paper 48953, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  107. Wang, Ye & Zhao, Xindong, 2022. "Grandparental childcare, maternal labor force participation, and the birth of a second child: Further knowledge from empirical analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 762-770.
  108. Akiko Sakanishi, 0. "Spatial analysis of female labor force participation rates in Japan," International Journal of Economic Policy Studies, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-11.
  109. Namkee Ahn & Virginia Sánchez-Marcos, 2020. "Analysis of fertility using cohort-specific socio-economic data," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 711-733, September.
  110. Koka, Katerina & Rapallini, Chiara, 2023. "Italy’s demographic trap: Voting for childcare subsidies and fertility outcomes," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
  111. Hanna Wang, 2025. "Fertility and Family Leave Policies in Germany: Optimal Policy Design in a Dynamic Framework," Working Papers 1507, Barcelona School of Economics.
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