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Children and the Remaining Gender Gaps in the Labor Market

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Elena Lagomarsino & Francesco Trevisan, 2025. "The Labor Supply Costs of Intra-Household Economic Violence," Working Papers 2025: 07, Department of Economics, University of Venice "Ca' Foscari".
  2. Jonas Jessen & Lavinia Kinne & Michele Battisti, 2024. "Child Penalties in Labour Market Skills," Berlin School of Economics Discussion Papers 0052, Berlin School of Economics.
  3. Cai, Huan & Dong, Lu & Xie, Jian, 2025. "The Digital Second Shift: Gender Gap in Parenting App Usage in China," CAGE Online Working Paper Series 765, Competitive Advantage in the Global Economy (CAGE).
  4. Sasiwimon Warunsiri Paweenawat & Lusi Liao, 2024. "Who Suffers the Most During the COVID‐19 Pandemic? Evidence From Thailand," The Developing Economies, Institute of Developing Economies, vol. 62(3), pages 238-268, September.
  5. repec:ucl:cepeow:25-16 is not listed on IDEAS
  6. Masso, Jaan & Meriküll, Jaanika & Roosaar, Liis & Rõigas, Kärt & Paas, Tiiu, 2025. "What determines the gender pay gap in academia?," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
  7. Diallo, Yaya & Lange, Fabian & Renée, Laetitia, 2024. "Can paternity leave reduce the gender earnings gap?," CLEF Working Paper Series 77, Canadian Labour Economics Forum (CLEF), University of Waterloo.
  8. Albanesi, Stefania & Prados, María, 2022. "Slowing Women's Labor Force Participation: The Role of Income Inequality," CEPR Discussion Papers 16920, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  9. Kolasa, Aleksandra, 2024. "Welfare and economic implications of universal child benefits," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
  10. Meng, Lingsheng & Zhang, Yunbin & Zou, Ben, 2023. "The motherhood penalty in China: Magnitudes, trends, and the role of grandparenting," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 105-132.
  11. Zhang, Dandan & Liu, Yaxuan & Zhao, Yiling, 2024. "Working mothers' dilemma during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
  12. Yung-Yu Tsai & Hsing-Wen Han & Kuang-Ta Lo & Tzu-Ting Yang, 2022. "The Effect of Financial Resources on Fertility: Evidence fromAdministrative Data on Lottery Winners," IEAS Working Paper : academic research 22-A007, Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
  13. Bütikofer, Aline & Karadakic, René & Willén, Alexander, 2025. "Parenthood and the gender gap in commuting," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
  14. Luis Guirola & Laura Hospido & Andrea Weber, 2024. "Family and career: an analysis across Europe and North America," Fiscal Studies, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 45(2), pages 243-257, June.
  15. Tomás R. Martinez & Antonio Martins-Neto & Ursula Mello, 2024. "Gender and Top Lifetime Earnings Inequality: Ten New Facts from Brazil," Business and Economics Working Papers 242, Unidade de Negocios e Economia, Insper.
  16. Aguilar-Gomez, Sandra & Arceo-Gomez, Eva O. & De la Cruz Toledo, Elia, 2026. "Inside the black box of child penalties: Unpaid work and household structure," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
  17. Glogowsky, Ulrich & Hansen, Emanuel & Sachs, Dominik & Lüthen, Holger, 2025. "The evolution of child-related gender inequality in Germany and the role of family policies, 1960–2018," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
  18. Åslund, Olof & Karimi, Arizo & Sundberg, Anton, 2025. "Origin, norms, and the motherhood penalty," Working Paper Series 2025:1, IFAU - Institute for Evaluation of Labour Market and Education Policy.
  19. Shi, Xinjie & Huangfu, Bingyu & Jin, Songqing & Gao, Xuwen, 2024. "Property rights, labor reallocation, and gender inequality in rural China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 325-342.
  20. Dominique Meurs & Pierre Pora, 2025. "Traditional Views, Egalitarian Views, and the Child Penalty: Insights from Immigrant Populations in France," Working Papers hal-04947430, HAL.
  21. Cheung, T. Terry & Kan, Kamhon & Yang, Tzu-Ting, 2025. "Parental responses to child disability: Gender differences and relative earnings," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
  22. Leila Gautham, 2022. "It Takes a Village: Childcare and Women's Paid Employment in India," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 48(3), pages 795-828, September.
  23. Estefanía Galván & Cecilia Parada & Martina Querejeta & Soledad Salvador, 2024. "Gender Gaps and Family Leaves in Latin America," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 22(2), pages 387-414, June.
  24. Mathias Jensen & Abigail Adams & Barbara Petrongolo, 2024. "Birth Timing and Spacing: Implications for Parental Leave Dynamics and Child Penalties," Economics Series Working Papers 1048, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
  25. Inés Berniell & Lucila Berniell & Dolores de la Mata & María Edo & Yarine Fawaz & Matilde P. Machado & Mariana Marchionni, 2025. "Motherhood and the allocation of talent," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 57(44), pages 7073-7089, September.
  26. Jessen, Jonas, 2022. "Culture, children and couple gender inequality," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
  27. Kefa Simiyu, 2025. "Unpaid work, time use, and time poverty in Kenya," Working Paper Reihe der AK Wien - Materialien zu Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft 261, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik.
  28. Keller, Wolfgang & Molina, Teresa & Olney, William W., 2023. "The gender gap among top business executives," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 270-286.
  29. Lebedinski, Lara & Liedl, Bernd & Skirbekk, Vegard & Steiber, Nadia & Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf, 2025. "Faith and the Child Penalty: Religious Affiliation and Gendered Earnings Losses After Childbirth," IHS Working Paper Series 59, Institute for Advanced Studies.
  30. Doerr, Annabelle, 2022. "Vocational Training for Female Job Returners - Effects on Employment, Earnings and Job Quality," Working papers 2022/02, Faculty of Business and Economics - University of Basel.
  31. Meekes, Jordy & van Lent, Max, 2025. "The Impact of Neighbour, Colleague, and Family Peers on Parental Labour Supply," IZA Discussion Papers 18148, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  32. repec:ags:aaea22:335534 is not listed on IDEAS
  33. Andrew Caplin & Soeren Leth-Petersen & Christopher Tonetti, 2025. "Beliefs and Realities of Work and Care After Childbirth," CEBI working paper series 25-07, University of Copenhagen. Department of Economics. The Center for Economic Behavior and Inequality (CEBI).
  34. David Dorn & Florian Schoner & Moritz Seebacher & Lisa Simon & Ludger Woessmann, 2024. "Multidimensional Skills on LinkedIn Profiles: Measuring Human Capital and the Gender Skill Gap," Papers 2409.18638, arXiv.org, revised May 2025.
  35. Bíró,Anikó & Elek,Péter & Daniel Prinz & Sándor,László, 2024. "Tax Evasion and the Contribution-Benefit Link: The Case of Maternity Benefits," Policy Research Working Paper Series 11003, The World Bank.
  36. Bosworth, Steven J. & Della Giusta, Marina, 2024. "When Matthew Met Larry: Explaining the Persistence of Gender Underrepresentation in High Status Organizations," IZA Discussion Papers 17460, IZA Network @ LISER.
  37. Francine D. Blau, 2024. "Gender Inequality in the Labor Market: Continuing Progress?," NBER Working Papers 33266, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  38. Alessandra Casarico & Salvatore Lattanzio, 2023. "Behind the child penalty: understanding what contributes to the labour market costs of motherhood," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 36(3), pages 1489-1511, July.
  39. Tessa Conroy & Anil Rupasingha, 2025. "Childcare closures and female entrepreneurship," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 74(2), pages 1-28, June.
  40. Alessandra Casarico & Edoardo Di Porto & Joanna Kopinska & Salvatore Lattanzio, 2025. "Leave and Let Leave: Workplace Peer Effects in Fathers’ Take-up of Parental Leave," RFBerlin Discussion Paper Series 25126, ROCKWOOL Foundation Berlin (RFBerlin).
  41. Musayir, Arlan & Arabsheibani, Reza, 2025. "Motherhood and Informality: Empirical Evidence from Russia," IZA Discussion Papers 17916, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  42. Limor Hatsor & Ity Shurtz, 2025. "Breastfeeding and the return to work after childbirth of new mothers: Evidence from a baby formula scare," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(3), pages 943-963, June.
  43. repec:osf:osfxxx:ch8uk_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
  44. Huebener, Mathias & Odermatt, Reto, 2025. "The Wished-For Children: Do Mothers Carry the Burden While Fathers Reap the Joy?," IZA Discussion Papers 18039, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  45. Garrett Anstreicher & Joanna Venator, 2022. "To Grandmother’s House We Go: Childcare Time Transfers and Female Labor Mobility," Boston College Working Papers in Economics 1051, Boston College Department of Economics.
  46. Jiang, Xu & Wang, Xianghong, 2024. "Gender difference in leaders framed with responsibility or authority: An experimental study," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
  47. Banerjee, Souvik & Mukhopadhyay, Sankar & Jaiswal, Preeti, 2025. "Motherhood and Labour Market Outcomes: Penalty or Premium?," IZA Discussion Papers 18246, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  48. Canavire Bacarreza, Gustavo J. & Yanez, Gunnar Poppe, 2024. "Can Children's Education Enhance Formal Female Labor Force Participation?," IZA Discussion Papers 17429, IZA Network @ LISER.
  49. Riccardo Leoncini & Mariele Macaluso & Annalivia Polselli, 2024. "Gender segregation: analysis across sectoral dominance in the UK labour market," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 67(5), pages 2289-2343, November.
  50. Firouzi Naeim, Peyman & Johnston, David W. & Naghsh Nejad, Maryam, 2025. "Balancing Work and Care: How Workplace Factors Can Mitigate the Gendered Impacts of Caregiving," IZA Discussion Papers 17850, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  51. Kuanysh ALPYSBAYEV & Aizhan MUKHAMADIYEVA & Meruert KANABEKOVA & Arailym ORAZGALIYEVA & Balapanova ELMIRA, 2024. "Gender Analysis Of The Global Labour Market And Comparative Analysis Of Kazakhstan, 2019-2021," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 24(1), pages 1-18.
  52. Yaron Zelekha, 2024. "The effect of spouses on the entrepreneurial gender gap," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 20(4), pages 2481-2514, December.
  53. Matti Keloharju & Samuli Knüpfer & Joacim Tåg, 2022. "What prevents women from reaching the top?," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 51(3), pages 711-738, September.
  54. Céline Piton, 2022. "The labour market performance of vulnerable groups: towards a better understanding of the main driving forces," ULB Institutional Repository 2013/352519, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
  55. Breno Braga & Olga Malkova, 2024. "Time to Grow Up? Adult Children as Determinants of Parental Labor Supply," Journal of the European Economic Association, European Economic Association, vol. 22(1), pages 230-262.
  56. Sencer Karademir & Jean-William Laliberté & Stefan Staubli, 2026. "The Multigenerational Impact of Children and Childcare Policies," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 44(1), pages 189-227.
  57. Riccardo Leoncini & Mariele Macaluso & Annalivia Polselli, 2023. "Gender Segregation: Analysis across Sectoral-Dominance in the UK Labour Market," Papers 2303.04539, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2023.
  58. Benny, Liza & Bhalotra, Sonia & Fernández, Manuel, 2021. "Occupation flexibility and the graduate gender wage gap in the UK," ISER Working Paper Series 2021-05, Institute for Social and Economic Research.
  59. Michelle Barrett & Karina Doorley & Paul Redmond & Barra Roantree, 2022. "How Has the Gender Earnings Gap in Ireland Changed in Thirty Years?," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-21, August.
  60. Meekes, Jordy & Hassink, Wolter H.J., 2022. "Gender differences in job flexibility: Commutes and working hours after job loss," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
  61. Marco Caliendo & Deborah A. Cobb-Clark & Katrin Huber & Harald Pfeifer & Arne Uhlendorff & Sophie Wagner, 2025. "When Managers Choose: Gender Disparities in Employer Training Provision," CEPA Discussion Papers 90, Center for Economic Policy Analysis.
  62. Healy, Olivia & Heissel, Jennifer A., 2024. "Baby Bumps in the Road: The Impact of Parenthood on Job Performance, Human Capital, and Career Advancement," IZA Discussion Papers 16743, IZA Network @ LISER.
  63. Lago, Manuel E. & Samahita, Margaret & Doyle, Orla, 2025. "Unraveling gender norms: Social and personal norms in the preferential promotion of women," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
  64. Boinet, Césarine & Norris, Jonathan & Romiti, Agnese & Shi, Zhan & Telemo, Paul, 2024. "Beliefs on Children's Human Capital Formation and Mothers at Work," IZA Discussion Papers 17574, IZA Network @ LISER.
  65. Chae, Minhee & Liang, Wenquan & Xue, Sen, 2025. "Pandemics and intergenerational mobility in education: Evidence from the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) epidemic in China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
  66. Jordy Meekes & Wolter H J Hassink & Guyonne Kalb, 2023. "Essential work and emergency childcare: identifying gender differences in COVID-19 effects on labour demand and supply," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 75(2), pages 393-417.
  67. Kleven, Henrik Jacobsen & Olivero, Giulia & Patacchini, Eleonora, 2024. "Child Penalties and Parental Role Models: Classroom Exposure Effects," IZA Discussion Papers 17309, IZA Network @ LISER.
  68. Doerr, Annabelle, 2022. "Vocational training for female job returners - Effects on employment, earnings and job quality," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
  69. Libertad González & Luis Guirola & Laura Hospido, 2024. "Fathers' Time-Use while on Paternity Leave: Childcare or Leisure?," Working Papers 1463, Barcelona School of Economics.
  70. Carnicelli, Lauro & Morando, Greta, 2025. "The Unequal Motherhood Penalty: Maternal Preferences and Education," IZA Discussion Papers 18140, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  71. Derek Asuman & Tinna Laufey Ásgeirsdóttir & Johan Jarl, 2025. "Anxious Dads and Depressed Moms: Child Disability and the Mental Health of Parents," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 34(7), pages 1326-1349, July.
  72. Goldin, Claudia & Kerr, Sari Pekkala & Olivetti, Claudia, 2024. "The parental pay gap over the life cycle: Children, jobs, and labor supply," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
  73. Martinenghi, Fabio I. & Naghsh Nejad, Maryam, 2025. "Career, Family, and IVF: The Impact of Involuntary Childlessness and Fertility Treatment," IZA Discussion Papers 17965, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  74. Yung-Yu Tsai & Hsing-Wen Han & Kuang-Ta Lo & Tzu-Ting Yang, 2022. "The Effect of Financial Resources on Fertility: Evidence from Administrative Data on Lottery Winners," Papers 2212.06223, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2023.
  75. Frech, Maria & Maideu-Morera, Gerard, 2024. "The Hidden Demand for Flexibility: a Theory for Gendered Employment Dynamics," TSE Working Papers 24-1588, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE).
  76. Henrik Kleven & Camille Landais & Johanna Posch & Andreas Steinhauer & Josef Zweimüller, 2024. "Do Family Policies Reduce Gender Inequality? Evidence from 60 Years of Policy Experimentation," American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, American Economic Association, vol. 16(2), pages 110-149, May.
  77. Hélène Périvier & Gregory Verdugo, 2021. "Can parental leave be shared?," Sciences Po Economics Publications (main) hal-03364048, HAL.
  78. Marchionni, Mariana & Pedrazzi, Julián, 2025. "The last hurdle? Unyielding motherhood effects in the context of declining gender inequality in Latin America," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
  79. Scott Kim & Petra Moser, 2025. "Women in Science. Lessons From the Baby Boom," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 93(5), pages 1521-1560, September.
  80. Chan Yu, 2024. "The impacts of trade liberalization on the local labor market: Older women are especially vulnerable," Review of International Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(3), pages 693-777, August.
  81. Riepl, Franziska, 2025. "Human Capital and Motherhood: The Extent and Implications of Child Penalties in Training," VfS Annual Conference 2025 (Cologne): Revival of Industrial Policy 325436, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  82. Si, Chunxiao & Wang, Dihai & Wu, Maohua, 2025. "How broadband internet access shapes fertility decisions: Evidence and mechanisms," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
  83. Taiyo FUKAI & Ayako KONDO, 2025. "Parental Earnings Trajectories around Childbirth in Japan: Evidence from local tax records," Discussion papers 25012, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
  84. Borghorst, Malte & Mulalic, Ismir & van Ommeren, Jos, 2024. "Commuting, gender and children," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
  85. Boneva, Teodora & Brás-Monteiro, Ana & Golin, Marta & Rauh, Christopher, 2024. "Are Men's Preferences for Couple Equity Misperceived? Evidence from Six Countries," IZA Discussion Papers 17493, IZA Network @ LISER.
  86. Koopmans, Pim & van Lent, Max & Been, Jim, 2024. "Child Penalties and the Gender Gap in Home Production and the Labor Market," IZA Discussion Papers 16871, IZA Network @ LISER.
  87. Lara Lebedinski & Cristiano Perugini & Marko Vladisavljević, 2023. "Child penalty in Russia: evidence from an event study," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 173-215, March.
  88. Shaofeng Xu & Jie Feng, 2024. "Home production and time use in an epidemic," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 57(4), pages 1391-1433, November.
  89. Stefania Albanesi & Maria Jose Prados, 2022. "Slowing Women’s Labor Force Participation: The Role of Income Inequality," Working Papers 2022-037, Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Working Group.
  90. Sébastien Fontenay & Ilan Tojerow, 2025. "Sickness absences among young mothers and the child penalty in employment," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 23(2), pages 625-660, June.
  91. Daniel Chiquiar & Aldo Heffner, 2024. "Efectos heterogéneos de la pandemia del COVID-19 sobre el empleo femenino y masculino en México/Heterogeneous effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Mexico’s female and male employment," Estudios Económicos, El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Económicos, vol. 39(1), pages 3-59.
  92. Megalokonomou, Rigissa & Silva-Goncalves, Juliana & van Veldhuizen, Roel, 2025. "Gender Differences in Self-Promotion and Career Advice," Working Papers 2025:11, Lund University, Department of Economics.
  93. Zhang, Mingxue & Wang, Yue & Hou, Lingling, 2024. "Gender norms and the child penalty in China," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 221(C), pages 277-291.
  94. Ru Li & Jienan Cui & Chen Zhang, 2025. "Temperature extremes in early life and human capital: evidence from China’s labor market," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 178(9), pages 1-20, September.
  95. Cobb-Clark, Deborah A. & Dang, Tung & Fisher, Hayley, 2025. "Daycare Accessibility and Maternal Labor Market Outcomes: Do Quality Ratings Matter?," IZA Discussion Papers 18300, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  96. Francine D. Blau & Lisa M. Lynch, 2024. "50 Years of Breakthroughs and Barriers: Women in Economics, Policy, and Leadership," NBER Working Papers 32820, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  97. Pora, Pierre, 2025. "The supply of nursing labor in French hospitals: Outflows, part-time work and motherhood," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
  98. Chegere, Martin J. & Falco, Paolo & Menzel, Andreas, 2024. "Social ties at work and effort choice: Experimental evidence from Tanzania," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
  99. Naijia Guo & Anning Xie, 2026. "Childbirth and Welfare Inequality: The Role of Bargaining Power and Intrahousehold Allocation," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series crctr224_2025_725, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany.
  100. Alessandra Casarico & Elena Del Rey & Jose I. Silva, 2023. "Child care costs, household liquidity constraints, and gender inequality," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 36(3), pages 1461-1487, July.
  101. Berniell, Inés & Berniell, Lucila & de la Mata, Dolores & Edo, María & Fawaz, Yarine & Machado, Matilde P. & Marchionni, Mariana, 2022. "Motherhood, pregnancy or marriage effects?," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
  102. Averkamp, Dorothée, 2024. "The Gender Wage Gap, Labor-Market Experience, and Family Choices: Lessons from East Germany?," VfS Annual Conference 2024 (Berlin): Upcoming Labor Market Challenges 302347, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
  103. Masayuki MORIKAWA, 2025. "Female Workers and Firms’ Productivity and Wages," Discussion papers 25008, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
  104. Ana Costa-Ramón & Ursina Schaede & Michaela Slotwinski & Anne Ardila Brenøe, 2024. "(Not) thinking about the future: inattention and maternal labor supply," ECON - Working Papers 452, Department of Economics - University of Zurich.
  105. Moroni, Gloria & Nicoletti, Cheti & Salvanes, Kjell Gunnar & Tominey, Emma, 2025. "Gender equality through marriage," Discussion Paper Series in Economics 20/2025, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Economics.
  106. Emery, Jamie M., 2022. "Who pays the child penalty? Evidence from the panel study of income dynamics," CLEF Working Paper Series 43, Canadian Labour Economics Forum (CLEF), University of Waterloo.
  107. Baertsch, Laurenz & Sandner, Malte, 2025. "Reducing the child penalty by incentivizing maternal part-time work?," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
  108. Zhou, Xiaoyao & Ye, Jingjing & Li, Hao & Yu, Hongyan, 2022. "The rising child penalty in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
  109. Malte Sandner & Ipek Yükselen, 2025. "Unraveling the gender wage gap: Exploring early career patterns among university graduates," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 72(2), May.
  110. Das, Debasmita, 2022. "Child-rearing, Social Security and Married Women’s Labor Supply over the Life Cycle," MPRA Paper 117614, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 10 Sep 2022.
  111. Gan, Renren & Jongen, Egbert L. W. & Rabaté, Simon & Terpstra, Bo, 2025. "The Evolution of the Child Penalty and Gender-Related Inequality in the Netherlands, 1989–2022," IZA Discussion Papers 18158, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  112. Gordon H. Hanson & Enrico Moretti, 2025. "Where Have All the Good Jobs Gone? Changes in the Geography of Work in the US, 1980-2021," NBER Working Papers 33631, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
  113. Gould, Eric D. & Lichtinger, Guy, 2024. "Child Penalties, Child Outcomes, and Family Culture," IZA Discussion Papers 17455, IZA Network @ LISER.
  114. Okuyama, Yoko & Murooka, Takeshi & Yamaguchi, Shintaro, 2025. "Unpacking the Child Penalty Using Personnel Data: How Promotion Practices Widen the Gender Pay Gap," IZA Discussion Papers 17673, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
  115. Gema Lax-Martinez & Marco Le Moglie & Matteo Sandi, 2025. "Educated to Be Mothers? School Reform and Demographic Backlash," CESifo Working Paper Series 12251, CESifo.
  116. Dorothée Averkamp & Christian Bredemeier & Falko Juessen, 2024. "Decomposing gender wage gaps: a family economics perspective," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 126(1), pages 3-37, January.
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