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The role of export restrictions in agricultural trade

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  • Estrades, Carmen
  • Flores, Manuel
  • Lezama, Guillermo

Abstract

During the last global downturn, which took place in a period of rising commodity prices, both the academia and global leaders warned about the risk of a protectionist reaction to the crisis, which would in turn decrease trade volumes and deepen the crisis. In spite of this, several protectionist measures were taken during the period. Export restrictions, which comprise export taxes, export bans, export license requirements, and price reference for exports, among other policies, were among the measures more frequently applied. There is evidence that these measures may have exacerbated the food price spike. However, the existing studies do not distinguish between the different export restrictive measures, consider export restriction and import promotion policies altogether, or focus only on few agricultural goods. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap and make a comprehensive analysis of the role of export restrictions and import promoting policies on agricultural prices during the food crisis. To do so, we built a comprehensive database, which includes information on export restrictions applied in the agriculture sector by all countries in the world in the period 2005-2015. Our database includes information on products affected (at HS6 level), duration of the measure, type of measure, and justification. A preliminary analysis of information included in our database shows that in the period 2005-2015, 32 countries took 293 measures that introduced some form of export restriction, that increased restrictions already in place, or that extended measures already in place. The main agricultural sectors affected by export restrictions were cereals, oilseeds, vegetables, milling products, raw hides, live animals, and sugar; and the main measures applied were export bans (28.7% of total measures), export quotas (25.3%), and export taxes (20.8%). On average, export taxes last longer (4.8 years), whereas export bans are more frequently applied shorter periods of time.

Suggested Citation

  • Estrades, Carmen & Flores, Manuel & Lezama, Guillermo, 2016. "The role of export restrictions in agricultural trade," Conference papers 332778, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    • Handle: RePEc:ags:pugtwp:332778
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    2. Beckman, Jayson & Dyck, John & Heerman, Kari, 2017. "The Global Landscape of Agricultural Trade, 1995-2014," Economic Information Bulletin 265270, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.
    3. B. A. Kheifets & V. Yu. Chernova, 2022. "Effects of Export Control Policy on Food Security: The Case of the Grain Market in Russia," Studies on Russian Economic Development, Springer, vol. 33(2), pages 211-217, April.
    4. Wenshou Yan & Yan Cai & Faqin Lin & Dessie Tarko Ambaw, 2021. "The Impacts of Trade Restrictions on World Agricultural Price Volatility during the COVID‐19 Pandemic," China & World Economy, Institute of World Economics and Politics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 29(6), pages 139-158, November.
    5. Jayson Beckman & Carmen Estrades & Angel Aguiar, 2019. "Export taxes, food prices and poverty: a global CGE evaluation," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 11(1), pages 233-247, February.
    6. Harold Glenn A. Valera & Mark J. Holmes & Valerien O. Pede & Jean Balié, 2023. "How convergent are rice export prices in the international market?," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 54(1), pages 127-141, January.
    7. Santiago Guerrero & Ben Henderson & Hugo Valin & Charlotte Janssens & Petr Havlik & Amanda Palazzo, 2022. "The impacts of agricultural trade and support policy reform on climate change adaptation and environmental performance: A model-based analysis," OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Papers 180, OECD Publishing.
    8. Xi He, 2022. "Political and economic determinants of export restrictions in the agricultural and food sector," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 53(3), pages 439-453, May.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    International Relations/Trade;

    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • Q17 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agriculture in International Trade
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • Q18 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Animal Welfare Policy

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