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Effect of the utilization of non-reciprocal trade preferences offered by the QUAD countries on beneficiary countries' economic complexity

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  • Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm

Abstract

This article aims to contribute to the nascent literature on the effect of non-reciprocal trade preferences (NRTPs) on economic complexity in beneficiary countries. It investigates the effect of NRTPs (Generalized Systems of Preferences - GSP - and other trade preferences) offered by the QUAD countries (Canada, the European Union, Japan, and the United States) on the beneficiary countries' levels of economic complexity. The analysis has used a panel dataset of 110 beneficiary countries over the period of 2002-2018, and the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments estimator. Results show that the utilization of NRTPs (either GSP programs or other trade preferences) influences positively economic complexity when beneficiary-countries' shares of exports under the relevant NRTP in total merchandise exports is very high. In addition, GSP programs and other trade preferences jointly promote economic complexity, if the utilization of either NRTP reaches high levels. The utilization of NRTPs also enhances economic complexity in countries that receive high shares of foreign direct investment flows in GDP. Finally, development aid flows are strongly complementary with the utilization of NRTPs in fostering economic complexity, especially when they reach very high amounts. One message conveyed by this analysis is that preference-granting countries (including QUAD countries) should offer both generous NRTPs and high amounts of development aid if NRTPs were to be effective in expanding the manufacturing base in the beneficiary countries, and in particular, in improving their economic complexity.

Suggested Citation

  • Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2022. "Effect of the utilization of non-reciprocal trade preferences offered by the QUAD countries on beneficiary countries' economic complexity," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jjieco:v:65:y:2022:i:c:s0889158322000247
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jjie.2022.101214
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    3. Sèna Kimm Gnangnon, 2024. "The quality of Aid for Trade flows and economic complexity," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 21(4), pages 705-747, October.
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    3. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2021. "Effect of the Utilization of Non-Reciprocal Trade Preferences offered by the QUAD on Economic Growth in Beneficiary Countries," EconStor Preprints 242848, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    4. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm & Iyer, Harish, 2021. "Effect of Aid for Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows on the Utilization of Unilateral Trade Preferences offered by the QUAD countries," EconStor Preprints 238211, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    5. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2023. "Effects of the Utilization of Non-Reciprocal Trade Preferences Offered by QUAD Countries on Economic Growth in Beneficiary Countries," KDI Journal of Economic Policy, Korea Development Institute (KDI), vol. 45(1), pages 33-68.
    6. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2023. "The Quality of Aid for Trade Flows and Economic Complexity," EconStor Preprints 271538, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    7. Sena Kimm Gnangnon, 2022. "Effect of economic complexity on services export diversification: do foreign direct investment inflows matter?," International Journal of Development Issues, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 21(3), pages 413-437, June.
    8. Kamguia, Brice & Tadadjeu, Sosson & Miamo, Clovis & Njangang, Henri, 2022. "Does foreign aid impede economic complexity in developing countries?," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 71-88.
    9. Avom, Désiré & Keneck-Massil, Joseph & Njangang, Henri & Nvuh-Njoya, Youssouf, 2022. "Why are some resource-rich countries more sophisticated than others? The role of the regime type and political ideology," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    10. Gnangnon, Sèna Kimm, 2020. "Aid for Trade flows and Poverty Reduction in Recipient-Countries," EconStor Preprints 213807, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    11. Brice Kamguia & Joseph Keneck‐Massil & Henri Njangang & Sosson Tadadjeu, 2024. "Sophistication gap between countries: The effect of research and development expenditure," Economics of Transition and Institutional Change, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(3), pages 739-778, July.
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    14. Henri Njangang & Youssouf Nvuh-Njoya, 2023. "Unravelling the link between democracy and economic complexity: fresh evidence from the Varieties of Democracy data," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 3(3), pages 1-32, March.
    15. Isaac Ketu & Jules-Eric Tchapchet Tchouto & Arsene Mouongue Kelly, 2022. "Does infrastructure development drive economic complexity in African countries?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 42(4), pages 2043-2053.
    16. Isaac Ketu & Paul Ningaye, 2024. "Sectoral Employment Shares Shape Economic Complexity: Empirical Evidence from African Countries," Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, Emerging Markets Forum, vol. 16(2), pages 168-187, May.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Non-reciprocal trade preferences utilization; Economic complexity; QUAD countries; Developing countries; Jel Classification; F13; F14; O14;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • O14 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology

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