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Is Bitcoin a hedge, a safe haven or a diversifier for oil price movements? A comparison with gold

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Wu, Shan & Tong, Mu & Yang, Zhongyi & Derbali, Abdelkader, 2019. "Does gold or Bitcoin hedge economic policy uncertainty?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 171-178.
  2. Xin Li & Kai-Hua Wang, 2026. "Does investment in fintech assets enhance performance in China’s financial sector? Evidence from multiple investment strategies," Electronic Commerce Research, Springer, vol. 26(2), pages 1489-1528, April.
  3. Achraf Ghorbel & Ahmed Jeribi, 2021. "Volatility spillovers and contagion between energy sector and financial assets during COVID-19 crisis period," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 11(3), pages 449-467, September.
  4. Elgammal, Mohammed M. & Ahmed, Walid M.A. & Alshami, Abdullah, 2021. "Price and volatility spillovers between global equity, gold, and energy markets prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
  5. Afshan, Sahar & Yaqoob, Tanzeela & Zaied, Younes Ben & Mishra, Shekhar & Mishra, Sibanjan, 2024. "Oil shocks and currency behavior: A dual approach to digital and traditional currencies," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
  6. Aniruddha Dutta & Saket Kumar & Meheli Basu, 2019. "A Gated Recurrent Unit Approach to Bitcoin Price Prediction," Papers 1912.11166, arXiv.org.
  7. Konstantakis, Konstantinos N. & Xidonas, Panos & Michaelides, Panayotis G. & Goutte, Stéphane, 2023. "Gold and CoVid-19: Uncovering the safe haven hypothesis with dynamic MSR modeling," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
  8. Bakhtiar, Tiam & Luo, Xiaojun & Adelopo, Ismail, 2023. "Network effects and store-of-value features in the cryptocurrency market," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
  9. Yosra Ghabri & Luu Duc Toan Huynh & Muhammad Ali Nasir, 2024. "Volatility spillovers, hedging and safe‐havens under pandemics: All that glitters is not gold!," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(2), pages 1318-1344, April.
  10. Ghabri, Yosra & Ben Rhouma, Oussama & Gana, Marjène & Guesmi, Khaled & Benkraiem, Ramzi, 2022. "Information transmission among energy markets, cryptocurrencies, and stablecoins under pandemic conditions," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
  11. Mensi, Walid & Ur Rehman, Mobeen & Maitra, Debasish & Hamed Al-Yahyaee, Khamis & Sensoy, Ahmet, 2020. "Does bitcoin co-move and share risk with Sukuk and world and regional Islamic stock markets? Evidence using a time-frequency approach," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
  12. R. Bedoui & R. Benkraiem & K. Guesmi & I. Kedidi, 2023. "Portfolio optimization through hybrid deep learning and genetic algorithms vine Copula-GARCH-EVT-CVaR model," Post-Print hal-04631234, HAL.
  13. Julien Chevallier & Dominique Guégan & Stéphane Goutte, 2021. "Is It Possible to Forecast the Price of Bitcoin?," Forecasting, MDPI, vol. 3(2), pages 1-44, May.
  14. Das, Debojyoti & Bhatia, Vaneet & Kumar, Surya Bhushan & Basu, Sankarshan, 2022. "Do precious metals hedge crude oil volatility jumps?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  15. Mensi, Walid & Rehman, Mobeen Ur & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2021. "Risk spillovers and diversification between oil and non-ferrous metals during bear and bull market states," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
  16. Tan, Xueping & Zhong, Yiran & Vivian, Andrew & Geng, Yong & Wang, Ziyi & Zhao, Difei, 2024. "Towards an era of multi-source uncertainty: A systematic and bibliometric analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PB).
  17. Farid Makhlouf & Refk Selmi, 2022. "Do sanctions work in a crypto world? The impact of the removal of Russian Banks from SWIFT on Remittances," Working Papers hal-03599089, HAL.
  18. Mubeen Abdur Rehman & Duygu Yengin & Nadezhda Baryshnikova & Sarah Ann Wheeler, 2026. "From Flow to Finance: Multidimensional Volatility Connectedness of World Water Stocks," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(5), pages 6164-6180, July.
  19. Afees A. Salisu & Kingsley Obiora, 2021. "COVID-19 pandemic and the crude oil market risk: hedging options with non-energy financial innovations," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 7(1), pages 1-19, December.
  20. Luisanna Cocco & Roberto Tonelli & Michele Marchesi, 2022. "Bitcoin as a Safe Haven during COVID-19 Disease," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-24, March.
  21. Liu, Peng & Yuan, Ying, 2024. "Is Bitcoin a hedge or safe-haven asset during the period of turmoil? Evidence from the currency, bond and stock markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 96(PB).
  22. Bouteska, Ahmed & Hassan, M. Kabir & Rashid, Mamunur & Bilgin, Mehmet Hüseyin, 2024. "The dynamics of bonds, commodities and bitcoin based on NARDL approach," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 58-70.
  23. Yousfi, Mohamed & Farhani, Ramzi & Bouzgarrou, Houssam, 2024. "From the pandemic to the Russia–Ukraine crisis: Dynamic behavior of connectedness between financial markets and implications for portfolio management," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 1178-1197.
  24. Jamal Bouoiyour & Refk Selmi, 2019. "Should Bitcoin be used to help devastated economies? Evidence from Greece," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 39(1), pages 513-520.
  25. Antonakakis, Nikolaos & Chatziantoniou, Ioannis & Gabauer, David, 2019. "Cryptocurrency market contagion: Market uncertainty, market complexity, and dynamic portfolios," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 37-51.
  26. Pham, Linh & Huynh, Toan Luu Duc & Hanif, Waqas, 2023. "Time-varying asymmetric spillovers among cryptocurrency, green and fossil-fuel investments," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
  27. Jareño, Francisco & González, María de la O & Tolentino, Marta & Sierra, Karen, 2020. "Bitcoin and gold price returns: A quantile regression and NARDL analysis," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
  28. Choudhary, Sangita & Jain, Anshul & Biswal, Pratap Chandra, 2024. "Dynamic linkages among bitcoin, equity, gold and oil: An implied volatility perspective," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 62(PB).
  29. Li, Dongxin & Hong, Yanran & Wang, Lu & Xu, Pengfei & Pan, Zhigang, 2022. "Extreme risk transmission among bitcoin and crude oil markets," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
  30. Cheng-Wen Lee & Hong-Vui Ngo & Avi Sunani & Adil Zareef Khan, 2025. "An Analysis of the Determinants Behind the Investment Changing Perception from Gold to Cryptocurrency among Vietnamese Investors," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 15(5), pages 1-4.
  31. Tayyaba Ahsan & Krystian Zawadzki & Mubashir Khan, 2024. "Cryptocurrencies as a Speculative Asset: How Much Uncertainty is Included in Cryptocurrency Price?," SAGE Open, , vol. 14(2), pages 21582440241, June.
  32. Umar, Zaghum & Trabelsi, Nader & Alqahtani, Faisal, 2021. "Connectedness between cryptocurrency and technology sectors: International evidence," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 910-922.
  33. Gozgor, Giray & Lau, Chi Keung Marco & Sheng, Xin & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2019. "The role of uncertainty measures on the returns of gold," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
  34. Guo, Xiaochun & Guo, Kun & Wang, Shouyang, 2026. "The Crypto Risk Composite Index (CCRI)-advancing risk management in the digital asset space," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
  35. Ma, Chaoqun & Tian, Yonggang & Hsiao, Shisong & Deng, Liurui, 2022. "Monetary policy shocks and Bitcoin prices," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
  36. Jia, Zhenzhen & Tiwari, Sunil & Zhou, Jianhua & Farooq, Muhammad Umar & Fareed, Zeeshan, 2023. "Asymmetric nexus between Bitcoin, gold resources and stock market returns: Novel findings from quantile estimates," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
  37. Ángeles Cebrián-Hernández & Enrique Jiménez-Rodríguez, 2021. "Modeling of the Bitcoin Volatility through Key Financial Environment Variables: An Application of Conditional Correlation MGARCH Models," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-16, January.
  38. Zhu, Xuehong & Niu, Zibo & Zhang, Hongwei & Huang, Jiaxin & Zuo, Xuguang, 2022. "Can gold and bitcoin hedge against the COVID-19 related news sentiment risk? New evidence from a NARDL approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
  39. Yousaf, Imran & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2022. "Static and dynamic connectedness between NFTs, Defi and other assets: Portfolio implication," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
  40. Ahmed, Walid M.A. & Al Mafrachi, Mustafa, 2021. "Do higher-order realized moments matter for cryptocurrency returns?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 483-499.
  41. Waqas Hanif & Hee-Un Ko & Linh Pham & Sang Hoon Kang, 2023. "Dynamic connectedness and network in the high moments of cryptocurrency, stock, and commodity markets," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 9(1), pages 1-40, December.
  42. Mensi, Walid & Reboredo, Juan C. & Ugolini, Andrea, 2021. "Price-switching spillovers between gold, oil, and stock markets: Evidence from the USA and China during the COVID-19 pandemic," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
  43. Kumar, Ashish & Iqbal, Najaf & Mitra, Subrata Kumar & Kristoufek, Ladislav & Bouri, Elie, 2022. "Connectedness among major cryptocurrencies in standard times and during the COVID-19 outbreak," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
  44. Arfaoui, Nadia & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Boubaker, Sabri & Mirza, Nawazish & Karim, Sitara, 2023. "Interdependence of clean energy and green markets with cryptocurrencies," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).
  45. Manahov, Viktor & Li, Mingnan, 2025. "The digitalisation of the real estate market: New evidence from the most prominent crypto hacker attacks," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
  46. Chen, Muying & Zhang, Xinyu & Wei, Yunjie & Wang, Shouyang, 2025. "What determines Bitcoin's price over the past decade?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
  47. Hanif, Waqas & Mensi, Walid & Vo, Xuan Vinh & BenSaïda, Ahmed & Hernandez, Jose Arreola & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2023. "Dependence and risk management of portfolios of metals and agricultural commodity futures," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
  48. Patel, Ritesh & Gubareva, Mariya & Chishti, Muhammad Zubair & Teplova, Tamara, 2024. "Connectedness between healthcare cryptocurrencies and major asset classes: Implications for hedging and investments strategies," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
  49. Tarchella, Salma & Khalfaoui, Rabeh & Hammoudeh, Shawkat, 2024. "The safe haven, hedging, and diversification properties of oil, gold, and cryptocurrency for the G7 equity markets: Evidence from the pre- and post-COVID-19 periods," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(PB).
  50. De Pace, Pierangelo & Rao, Jayant, 2023. "Comovement and instability in cryptocurrency markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 173-200.
  51. Huynh, Toan Luu Duc & Hille, Erik & Nasir, Muhammad Ali, 2020. "Diversification in the age of the 4th industrial revolution: The role of artificial intelligence, green bonds and cryptocurrencies," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
  52. Le, Thanh Ha, 2023. "Quantile time-frequency connectedness between cryptocurrency volatility and renewable energy volatility during the COVID-19 pandemic and Ukraine-Russia conflicts," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 613-625.
  53. Lin, Mei-Yin & An, Che-Lun, 2021. "The relationship between Bitcoin and resource commodity futures: Evidence from NARDL approach," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
  54. Duc Huynh, Toan Luu & Burggraf, Tobias & Wang, Mei, 2020. "Gold, platinum, and expected Bitcoin returns," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 56(C).
  55. Matkovskyy, Roman & Jalan, Akanksha & Dowling, Michael & Bouraoui, Taoufik, 2021. "From bottom ten to top ten: The role of cryptocurrencies in enhancing portfolio return of poorly performing stocks," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
  56. Jamal Bouoiyour & Refk Selmi, 2019. "How do futures contracts affect Bitcoin prices?," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 39(2), pages 1127-1134.
  57. Ata Assaf & Luis Alberiko Gil-Alana & Khaled Mokni, 2022. "True or spurious long memory in the cryptocurrency markets: evidence from a multivariate test and other Whittle estimation methods," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 63(3), pages 1543-1570, September.
  58. Zhang, Yulian & Hamori, Shigeyuki, 2025. "Portfolio implications based on quantile connectedness among cryptocurrency, stock, energy, and safe-haven assets," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 39(C).
  59. Fasanya, Ismail O. & Oyewole, Oluwatomisin J. & Oliyide, Johnson A., 2022. "Investors' sentiments and the dynamic connectedness between cryptocurrency and precious metals markets," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 347-364.
  60. Aissa Djedaiet & Hassan Guenichi & Hicham Ayad, 2024. "Do asymmetric oil shocks impact gold and Bitcoin returns symmetrically? A comparison between the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russo-Ukrainian war," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 48(4), pages 1187-1213, December.
  61. Syuhada, Khreshna & Hakim, Arief & Suprijanto, Djoko & Muchtadi-Alamsyah, Intan & Arbi, Lukman, 2022. "Is Tether a safe haven of safe haven amid COVID-19? An assessment against Bitcoin and oil using improved measures of risk," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
  62. Hau, Liya & Zhu, Huiming & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Sun, Wuqin, 2021. "Does transaction activity predict Bitcoin returns? Evidence from quantile-on-quantile analysis," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
  63. Li Zhang & Lu Wang & Yu Ji & Zhigang Pan, 2025. "Forecasting Gold Volatility in an Uncertain Environment: The Roles of Large and Small Shock Sizes," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(4), pages 1478-1500, July.
  64. Roudari, Soheil & Ahmadian- Yazdi, Farzaneh & Homayounifar, Masoud & Mensi, Walid & Al-Yahyaee, Khamis Hamed, 2024. "Time-Frequency Connectedness and Extreme Dependencies in Stock Sector Markets of the Chinese and U.S. Economies," MPRA Paper 126963, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  65. Wael Dammak & Halilibrahim Gökgöz & Ahmed Jeribi, 2025. "Analysis of Gold, Bitcoin, and Gold-Backed Cryptocurrencies as Safe Havens during Global Crises: A Focus on Artificial Intelligence Companies," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 66(4), pages 2843-2872, October.
  66. Cui, Moyang & Wong, Wing-Keung & Wisetsri, Worakamol & Mabrouk, Fatma & Muda, Iskandar & Li, Zeyun & Hassan, Marria, 2023. "Do oil, gold and metallic price volatilities prove gold as a safe haven during COVID-19 pandemic? Novel evidence from COVID-19 data," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
  67. Waqar Badshah & Mohammed Musah & Asad Ul Islam Khan, 2023. "Is the effect of a health crisis symmetric for physical and digital financial assets? An assessment of gold and bitcoin during the pandemic," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(11), pages 1-22, November.
  68. Binh Nguyen Quang & Thai‐Ha Le & Canh Nguyen Phuc, 2022. "Influences of uncertainty on the returns and liquidity of cryptocurrencies: Evidence from a portfolio approach," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(2), pages 2497-2513, April.
  69. Tang, Yusui & Ma, Feng, 2023. "The volatility of natural resources implications for sustainable development: Crude oil volatility prediction based on the multivariate structural regime switching," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
  70. Iqbal, Najaf & Fareed, Zeeshan & Wan, Guangcai & Shahzad, Farrukh, 2021. "Asymmetric nexus between COVID-19 outbreak in the world and cryptocurrency market," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
  71. Mensi, Walid & Lee, Yun-Jung & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Yoon, Seong-Min, 2021. "Quantile connectedness among gold, gold mining, silver, oil and energy sector uncertainty indexes," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
  72. Sapra, Nishant, 2025. "Powering profits, draining the planet: Demystifying the asymmetric impact of Bitcoin price on its electricity consumption," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
  73. Jamal Bouoiyour & Refk Selmi, 2020. "Coronavirus Spreads and Bitcoin's 2020 Rally: Is There a Link ?," Working Papers hal-02493309, HAL.
  74. Mensi, Walid & Sensoy, Ahmet & Aslan, Aylin & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2019. "High-frequency asymmetric volatility connectedness between Bitcoin and major precious metals markets," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
  75. Sa Xu & Ziqing Du & Hai Zhang, 2020. "Can Crude Oil Serve as a Hedging Asset for Underlying Securities?—Research on the Heterogenous Correlation between Crude Oil and Stock Index," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-19, June.
  76. Wu, Bi-Bo, 2021. "The dynamics of oil on China’s commodity sectors: What can we learn from a quantile perspective?," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 23(C).
  77. Donoiu Paul Cristian & Iacob Delia, 2023. "The Cryptocurrency Market and the Financial Stability," Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, Paradigm, vol. 17(1), pages 1769-1778, July.
  78. Salisu, Afees A. & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Lawal, Adedoyin, 2021. "Hedging oil price risk with gold during COVID-19 pandemic," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
  79. Tunc, Ahmet, 2024. "ETFs amidst the COVID-induced technological transformation: Sectoral insights from time-varying dynamics of tail risk transmissions," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
  80. Refk Selmi & Jamal Bouoiyour & Amal Miftah, 2019. "China's “New normal”: Will China's growth slowdown derail the BRICS stock markets?," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 159, pages 121-139.
  81. Omane-Adjepong, Maurice & Alagidede, Imhotep Paul, 2019. "Multiresolution analysis and spillovers of major cryptocurrency markets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 191-206.
  82. Jiang, Yonghong & Lie, Jiayi & Wang, Jieru & Mu, Jinqi, 2021. "Revisiting the roles of cryptocurrencies in stock markets: A quantile coherency perspective," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 21-34.
  83. Al-Yahyaee, Khamis Hamed & Rehman, Mobeen Ur & Mensi, Walid & Al-Jarrah, Idries Mohammad Wanas, 2019. "Can uncertainty indices predict Bitcoin prices? A revisited analysis using partial and multivariate wavelet approaches," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(C), pages 47-56.
  84. Umar, Zaghum & Usman, Muhammad & Choi, Sun-Yong & Rice, John, 2023. "Diversification benefits of NFTs for conventional asset investors: Evidence from CoVaR with higher moments and optimal hedge ratios," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
  85. Sangyup Choi & Junhyeok Shin, 2020. "Brave New World? Bitcoin is not the New Gold: Understanding Cryptocurrency Price Dynamics," Working papers 2020rwp-167, Yonsei University, Yonsei Economics Research Institute.
  86. Ha, Le Thanh & Bouteska, Ahmed & Mefteh-Wali, Salma & The Anh, Pham, 2023. "Fluctuations in gold prices in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from a time-varying parameter autoregression model," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PB).
  87. Urszula Gieraltowska & Andrzej Rzeczycki, 2025. "Can Bitcoin Replace Gold in an Investment Portfolio in the Polish Capital Market?," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3), pages 1587-1608.
  88. Charfeddine, Lanouar & Benlagha, Noureddine & Maouchi, Youcef, 2020. "Investigating the dynamic relationship between cryptocurrencies and conventional assets: Implications for financial investors," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 198-217.
  89. Feriel Gharbi, 2019. "Time-varying volatility spillovers among bitcoin and commodity currencies," Journal of Statistical and Econometric Methods, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 8(4), pages 1-2.
  90. Będowska-Sójka, Barbara & Kliber, Agata, 2022. "Can cryptocurrencies hedge oil price fluctuations? A pandemic perspective," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
  91. Dai, Yun-Shi & Dai, Peng-Fei & Zhou, Wei-Xing, 2023. "Tail dependence structure and extreme risk spillover effects between the international agricultural futures and spot markets," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
  92. Moussa, Wajdi & Mgadmi, Nidhal & Béjaoui, Azza & Regaieg, Rym, 2021. "Exploring the dynamic relationship between Bitcoin and commodities: New insights through STECM model," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
  93. Šević, Aleksandar & Šević, Željko & Fassas, Athanasios & Tzeremes, Panayiotis, 2026. "Investigating the connectedness of oil price shocks with clean and dirty cryptocurrencies," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
  94. Zeng, Sheng & Liu, Xinchun & Li, Xiafei & Wei, Qi & Shang, Yue, 2019. "Information dominance among hedging assets: Evidence from return and volatility directional spillovers in time and frequency domains," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 536(C).
  95. Mensi, Walid & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2022. "COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on intraday volatility spillover between oil, gold, and stock markets," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 702-715.
  96. Migliavacca, Milena & Goodell, John W. & Paltrinieri, Andrea, 2023. "A bibliometric review of portfolio diversification literature," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
  97. Agnese, Pablo & Rios, Francisco, 2024. "Spillover effects of energy transition metals in Chile," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
  98. Lu, Xunfa & Huang, Nan & Mo, Jianlei, 2024. "Time-varying causalities from the COVID-19 media coverage to the dynamic spillovers among the cryptocurrency, the clean energy, and the crude oil," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
  99. Wang, Gang-Jin & Ma, Xin-yu & Wu, Hao-yu, 2020. "Are stablecoins truly diversifiers, hedges, or safe havens against traditional cryptocurrencies as their name suggests?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
  100. Yin, Libo & Nie, Jing & Han, Liyan, 2021. "Understanding cryptocurrency volatility: The role of oil market shocks," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 233-253.
  101. Sharma, Gagan Deep & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Singh, Sanjeet & Chopra, Ritika & Cifuentes-Faura, Javier, 2023. "Investigating the nexus between green economy, sustainability, bitcoin and oil prices: Contextual evidence from the United States," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
  102. Mchirgui, Dirin & Digheem, Mohammed Ali Sulyman & Adwela, Fawzi Salem, 2025. "Connectedness between Bitcoin, Gold, Gold-Backed Cryptocurrencies and Energy Commodities during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine Conflict," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, vol. 15(3), pages 411-425, April.
  103. Sercan Demiralay & Selçuk Bayracı, 2021. "Should stock investors include cryptocurrencies in their portfolios after all? Evidence from a conditional diversification benefits measure," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(4), pages 6188-6204, October.
  104. Das, Debojyoti & Le Roux, Corlise Liesl & Jana, R.K. & Dutta, Anupam, 2020. "Does Bitcoin hedge crude oil implied volatility and structural shocks? A comparison with gold, commodity and the US Dollar," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 36(C).
  105. Konstantinos N. Konstantakis & Panayotis G. Michaelides & Panos Xidonas & Stavroula Yfanti, 2025. "Carbon emissions and sustainability in Covid-19’s waves: evidence from a two-state dynamic Markov-switching regression (MSR) model," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 347(1), pages 217-239, April.
  106. Khder Alakkari, 2026. "Geopolitical risk and gold return predictability across quantile states: quantile on quantile regression with block bootstrap and scenario forecasts," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 53(3), pages 837-866, August.
  107. Hampl, Filip & Vágnerová Linnertová, Dagmar & Horváth, Matúš, 2024. "Crypto havens during war times? Evidence from the Russian invasion of Ukraine," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  108. Goodell, John W. & Goutte, Stephane, 2021. "Co-movement of COVID-19 and Bitcoin: Evidence from wavelet coherence analysis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
  109. Wang, Peijin & Zhang, Hongwei & Yang, Cai & Guo, Yaoqi, 2021. "Time and frequency dynamics of connectedness and hedging performance in global stock markets: Bitcoin versus conventional hedges," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
  110. Arfaoui, Nadia & Yousaf, Imran & Jareño, Francisco, 2023. "Return and volatility connectedness between gold and energy markets: Evidence from the pre- and post-COVID vaccination phases," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 617-634.
  111. Wen, Danyan & Wang, Yudong & Ma, Chaoqun & Zhang, Yaojie, 2020. "Information transmission between gold and financial assets: Mean, volatility, or risk spillovers?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
  112. Chirwa, Themba G. & Odhiambo, Nicholas M., 2020. "Determinants of gold price movements: An empirical investigation in the presence of multiple structural breaks," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
  113. Bhuiyan, Rubaiyat Ahsan & Husain, Afzol & Zhang, Changyong, 2021. "A wavelet approach for causal relationship between bitcoin and conventional asset classes," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
  114. Bedoui, Rihab & Benkraiem, Ramzi & Guesmi, Khaled & Kedidi, Islem, 2023. "Portfolio optimization through hybrid deep learning and genetic algorithms vine Copula-GARCH-EVT-CVaR model," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
  115. Yousaf, Imran & Pham, Linh & Goodell, John W., 2023. "The connectedness between meme tokens, meme stocks, and other asset classes: Evidence from a quantile connectedness approach," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
  116. Zhang, Dingxuan & Sun, Yuying & Duan, Hongbo & Hong, Yongmiao & Wang, Shouyang, 2023. "Speculation or currency? Multi-scale analysis of cryptocurrencies—The case of Bitcoin," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
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