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A shadow rate without a lower bound constraint

Author

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  • De Rezende, Rafael B.

    (Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of Sweden)

  • Ristiniemi, Annukka

    (Financial Stability Department, Central Bank of Sweden)

Abstract

We propose a shadow rate that measures the expansionary (contractionary) interest rate effects of unconventional monetary policies that are present when the lower bound is not binding. Using daily yield curve data we estimate shadow rates for the US, Sweden, the euro-area and the UK, and find that they fall (rise) when market participants expect monetary policy to become more expansionary (contractionary), and price this information into the yield curve. This ability of the shadow rate to track the stance of monetary policy is identified on announcements of policy rate cuts (hikes), balance sheet expansions (contractions) and forward guidance, with shadow rates responding timely, and in line with government bond yields. We show two applications for our shadow rate. First, we decompose shadow rate responses to monetary policy announcements into conventional and unconventional monetary policy surprises, and assess the pass-through of each type of policy to exchange rates. We find that exchange rates respond more to conventional than to unconventional monetary policy. Lastly, a counterfactual experiment in a DSGE model suggests that inflation in Sweden would have been around 0.47 percentage points lower had the Riksbank not used unconventional monetary policy since February 2015.

Suggested Citation

  • De Rezende, Rafael B. & Ristiniemi, Annukka, 2018. "A shadow rate without a lower bound constraint," Working Paper Series 355, Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden).
    • Handle: RePEc:hhs:rbnkwp:0355
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    Cited by:

    1. Hakan Yilmazkuday, 2022. "COVID-19 and Exchange Rates: Spillover Effects of U.S. Monetary Policy," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 50(1), pages 67-84, June.
    2. Armelius, Hanna & Boel, Paola & Claussen, Carl Andreas & Nessén, Marianne, 2018. "The e-krona and the macroeconomy," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, pages 43-65.
    3. Jérôme Creel & Mehdi El Herradi, 2020. "Income inequality and monetary policy in the Euro Area," Sciences Po publications 20/2020, Sciences Po.
    4. Jérôme Creel & Mehdi El Herradi, 2019. "Shocking aspects of monetary policy on income inequality in the euro area," Documents de Travail de l'OFCE 2019-15, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE).
    5. Boscá, J.E. & Doménech, R. & Ferri, J. & Méndez, R. & Rubio-Ramírez, J.F., 2020. "Financial and fiscal shocks in the great recession and recovery of the Spanish economy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    6. Corbo, Vesna & Di Casola, Paola, 2020. "Drivers of consumer prices and exchange rates in small open economies," Working Paper Series 387, Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden).
    7. Giovanni Pellegrino & Federico Ravenna & Gabriel Züllig, 2021. "The Impact of Pessimistic Expectations on the Effects of COVID‐19‐Induced Uncertainty in the Euro Area," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 83(4), pages 841-869, August.
    8. Maih, Junior & Mazelis, Falk & Motto, Roberto & Ristiniemi, Annukka, 2021. "Asymmetric monetary policy rules for the euro area and the US," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    9. Ankargren, Sebastian & Shahnazarian, Hovick, 2019. "The Interaction Between Fiscal and Monetary Policies: Evidence from Sweden," Working Paper Series 365, Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden), revised 01 Apr 2019.
    10. Kristin Forbes & Ida Hjortsoe & Tsvetelina Nenova, 2020. "International Evidence on Shock-Dependent Exchange Rate Pass-Through," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 68(4), pages 721-763, December.
    11. Christina Anderl & Guglielmo Maria Caporale, 2022. "Forecasting Inflation with a Zero Lower Bound or Negative Interest Rates: Evidence from Point and Density Forecasts," CESifo Working Paper Series 9687, CESifo.
    12. Kilman, Josefin, 2022. "Monetary Policy Shocks for Sweden," Working Papers 2022:18, Lund University, Department of Economics.
    13. Sune Karlsson & Pär Österholm, 2020. "A note on the stability of the Swedish Phillips curve," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 59(6), pages 2573-2612, December.
    14. Corbo, Vesna & Di Casola, Paola, 2022. "Drivers of consumer prices and exchange rates in small open economies," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    15. Kavanagh, Ella & Zhu, Sheng & O’Sullivan, Niall, 2022. "Monetary policy, trade-offs and the transmission of UK Monetary Policy," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 44(6), pages 1128-1147.
    16. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/2okfbeuvhi9g2pirgpimtke7pn is not listed on IDEAS
    17. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5srl83htc08lnqmtptsrb72rt9 is not listed on IDEAS
    18. Grahame Johnson & Sharon Kozicki & Romanos Priftis & Lena Suchanek & Jonathan Witmer & Jing Yang, 2020. "Implementation and Effectiveness of Extended Monetary Policy Tools: Lessons from the Literature," Discussion Papers 2020-16, Bank of Canada.
    19. Corbo, Vesna & Di Casola, Paola, 2018. "Conditional exchange rate pass-through: evidence from Sweden," Working Paper Series 352, Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    unconventional monetary policy; monetary policy stance; term structure of interest rates; short-rate expectations; term premium;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E43 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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