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Confucius Institute, Belt and Road Initiative, and Internationalization

Author

Listed:
  • Hao Wang
  • Yonghui Han
  • Jan Fidrmuc

    (LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - ULCO - Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Dongming Wei

Abstract

In this paper, we study the role of Confucius Institute in supporting internationalization of Chinese enterprises. Employing a panel dataset containing 66 Belt-Road countries and 75 non Belt-Road countries from 2006 to 2017, we find that Confucius Institute has had a positive effect on Chinese CMA in general and such an effect is stronger in Belt-Road countries, especially after the Belt and Road Initiative was launched in 2013. Our results suggest that the earlier the host country joins the Belt and Road Initiative, the stronger is the interactive effect of CI and Belt and Road Initiative. Moreover, we show that Confucius Classroom, a related program also positively affects the Chinese CMA in the context of Belt and Road Initiative. These findings are robust to controlling for the endogeneity of reverse causality and sample selection bias.

Suggested Citation

  • Hao Wang & Yonghui Han & Jan Fidrmuc & Dongming Wei, 2021. "Confucius Institute, Belt and Road Initiative, and Internationalization," Post-Print hal-03128969, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03128969
    DOI: 10.1016/j.iref.2020.09.011
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    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Long & Ji, Wenjun & Zhang, Teng & Liu, Xiaoqian, 2025. "Does distance from government hinder enterprises’ OFDI？Evidence from China," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 49(2).
    2. Han, Yonghui & Cheng, Hao & Wang, Hao, 2025. "How bilateral investment treaties affect cross-border mergers and acquisitions: Novel evidence from China's internationalization," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    3. Zakari, Abdulrasheed & Khan, Irfan & Tan, Duojiao & Alvarado, Rafael & Dagar, Vishal, 2022. "Energy efficiency and sustainable development goals (SDGs)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PE).
    4. Wang, Hao & Tan, Shuting & Han, Yonghui, 2025. "Beyond education: International student inflow and outbound cross-border mergers and acquisitions," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    5. Han, Yonghui & Mai, Jinghua & Zhang, Fan & Luo, Ruilin, 2025. "Leveraging external debt: Stimulate innovation by infrastructure development in Belt and Road countries," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 1214-1243.

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    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business
    • Z10 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - General

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