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Monetary policy and regional inequality

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  • de Groot, Oliver
  • Hauptmeier, Sebastian
  • Holm-Hadulla, Fédéric
  • Nikalexi, Katerina

Abstract

We study the impact of monetary policy on regional inequality using granular data on economic activity at the city- and county-level in Europe. We document pronounced heterogeneity in the regional patterns of monetary policy transmission. The output response to monetary policy shocks is stronger and more persistent in poorer regions, with the difference becoming particularly pronounced in the tails of the distribution. Regions in the lower parts of the distribution exhibit hysteresis, consisting of long-lived adjustments in employment and labor productivity in response to the shocks. As a consequence, policy tightening aggravates regional inequality and policy easing mitigates it. Finally we provide a structural interpretation of our results using a New Keynesian Currency Union Model with hysteresis effects. JEL Classification: C32, E32, E52

Suggested Citation

  • de Groot, Oliver & Hauptmeier, Sebastian & Holm-Hadulla, Fédéric & Nikalexi, Katerina, 2020. "Monetary policy and regional inequality," Working Paper Series 2385, European Central Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20202385
    Note: 2712344
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    4. Beetsma, Roel & Cimadomo, Jacopo & van Spronsen, Josha, 2022. "One scheme fits all: a central fiscal capacity for the EMU targeting eurozone, national and regional shocks," Working Paper Series 2666, European Central Bank.
    5. Norman V. Loayza & Steven Pennings, 2020. "Macroeconomic Policy in the Time of COVID-19," World Bank Publications - Reports 33540, The World Bank Group.
    6. Sigal Ribon, 2023. "Differential Effects of Monetary Policy on Household Consumption: The Case of Israel," Israel Economic Review, Bank of Israel, vol. 21(1), pages 35-73, March.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    endogenous technological change; local projections; monetary policy; new Keynesian; quantile regressions; regional heterogeneity;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C32 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models
    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy

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