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Community, Comparisons and Subjective Well-being in a Divided Society

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  • Geeta G. Kingdon
  • John Knight

Abstract

Using a South African data set, the paper poses six questions about the determinants of subjective well-being. Much of the paper is concerned with the role of relative concepts. We find that comparator income - measured as average income of others in the local residential cluster - enters the household’s utility function positively but that income of more distant others (others in the district or province) enters negatively. The ordered probit equations indicate that, as well as comparator groups based on spatial proximity, race-based comparator groups are important in the racially divided South African society. It is also found that relative income is more important to happiness at higher levels of absolute income. Potential explanations of these results, and their implications, are considered.

Suggested Citation

  • Geeta G. Kingdon & John Knight, 2004. "Community, Comparisons and Subjective Well-being in a Divided Society," CSAE Working Paper Series 2004-21, Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford.
  • Handle: RePEc:csa:wpaper:2004-21
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Subjective well-being; happiness; comparator groups; altruism; envy; relative deprivation; standard-setting; race; South Africa;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D60 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - General
    • D62 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Externalities
    • D63 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
    • D64 - Microeconomics - - Welfare Economics - - - Altruism; Philanthropy; Intergenerational Transfers
    • A12 - General Economics and Teaching - - General Economics - - - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines
    • I30 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General

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