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Shocks, Frictions, and Inequality in US Business Cycles

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  • Bayer, Christian
  • Born, Benjamin
  • Luetticke, Ralph

Abstract

We show how a heterogeneous-agent New-Keynesian (HANK) model with incom- plete markets and portfolio choice can be estimated in state space using a Bayesian approach. To render estimation feasible, the structure of the economy can be exploited and the dimensionality of the model automatically reduced based on the Bayesian priors. We apply this approach to analyze how much inequality matters for the business cycle and vice versa. Even when the model is estimated on aggregate data alone and with a set of shocks and frictions designed to match aggregate data, it broadly reproduces observed US inequality dynamics.

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  • Bayer, Christian & Born, Benjamin & Luetticke, Ralph, 2020. "Shocks, Frictions, and Inequality in US Business Cycles," CEPR Discussion Papers 14364, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  • Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:14364
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    Cited by:

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    2. Bayer, Christian & Born, Benjamin & Luetticke, Ralph, 2023. "The liquidity channel of fiscal policy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 86-117.
    3. Adrien Auclert & Ludwig Straub & Matthew Rognlie, 2019. "Micro Jumps, Macro Humps: monetary policy and business cycles in an estimated HANK model," 2019 Meeting Papers 1449, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    4. Papp, Tamás K. & Reiter, Michael, 2020. "Estimating linearized heterogeneous agent models using panel data," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    5. Charalampidis, Nikolaos, 2022. "Top income shares, inequality, and business cycles: United States, 1957–2016," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    6. Cantore, Cristiano & Freund, Lukas B., 2021. "Workers, capitalists, and the government: fiscal policy and income (re)distribution," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 58-74.
    7. Böhl, Gregor & Strobel, Felix, 2020. "US business cycle dynamics at the zero lower bound," IMFS Working Paper Series 143, Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Monetary and Financial Stability (IMFS).
    8. François Courtoy, 2022. "When Household Heterogeneity Matters Optimal Fiscal Policy in a Medium-Scale TANK Model," LIDAM Discussion Papers IRES 2022009, Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherches Economiques et Sociales (IRES).
    9. Kase, Hanno & Melosi, Leonardo & Rottner, Matthias, 2024. "Estimating Nonlinear Heterogeneous Agent Models with Neural Networks," The Warwick Economics Research Paper Series (TWERPS) 1499, University of Warwick, Department of Economics.
    10. Alice Albonico & Guido Ascari & Qazi Haque, 2024. "The (Ir)Relevance of Rule‐of‐Thumb Consumers for U.S. Business Cycle Fluctuations," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 56(4), pages 769-804, June.
    11. Christian Bayer & Ralph Luetticke & Maximilian Weiss & Yannik Winkelmann, 2024. "An Endogenous Gridpoint Method for Distributional Dynamics," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series crctr224_2024_548, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany.
    12. Laura Liu & Mikkel Plagborg-M{o}ller, 2021. "Full-Information Estimation of Heterogeneous Agent Models Using Macro and Micro Data," Papers 2101.04771, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2022.
    13. Adrien Auclert & Bence Bardóczy & Matthew Rognlie & Ludwig Straub, 2021. "Using the Sequence‐Space Jacobian to Solve and Estimate Heterogeneous‐Agent Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 89(5), pages 2375-2408, September.
    14. Aursland, Thor Andreas & Steen, Frode, 2021. "Unemployment shocks, cyclical prices and shopping behavior," Discussion Paper Series in Economics 3/2021, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Economics.
    15. Juan Carlos Parra‐Alvarez & Olaf Posch & Mu‐Chun Wang, 2023. "Estimation of Heterogeneous Agent Models: A Likelihood Approach," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 85(2), pages 304-330, April.
    16. Böhl, Gregor, 2022. "Ensemble MCMC sampling for robust Bayesian inference," IMFS Working Paper Series 177, Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Monetary and Financial Stability (IMFS).
    17. Böhl, Gregor, 2021. "Efficient solution and computation of models with occasionally binding constraints," IMFS Working Paper Series 148, Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Monetary and Financial Stability (IMFS).
    18. Daeha Cho, 2023. "Unemployment risk, MPC heterogeneity, and business cycles," Quantitative Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 14(2), pages 717-751, May.
    19. Boehl, Gregor, 2022. "Efficient solution and computation of models with occasionally binding constraints," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Incomplete markets; Business cycles; Monetary and fiscal policy; Bayesian estimation; Wealth inequality; Income inequality;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E32 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
    • E63 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy
    • C11 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Bayesian Analysis: General

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