Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

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Top JEL
/ F: International Economics
/ / F1: Trade
/ / / F10: General
/ / / F11: Neoclassical Models of Trade
/ / / F12: Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation
/ / / F13: Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
/ / / F14: Empirical Studies of Trade
/ / / F15: Economic Integration
/ / / F16: Trade and Labor Market Interactions
/ / / F17: Trade Forecasting and Simulation
/ / / F18: Trade and Environment
/ / / F19: Other

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This JEL code is mentioned in the following RePEc Biblio entries:

1. International Economics
2. International Trade
3. Exchange Rate Economics

2004

• Brian R. Copeland & M. Scott Taylor, 2004, "Trade, Tragedy, and the Commons," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 10836, Oct.
• William A. Brock & M. Scott Taylor, 2004, "Economic Growth and the Environment: A Review of Theory and Empirics," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 10854, Oct.
• Juan Carlos Hallak, 2004, "Product Quality, Linder, and the Direction of Trade," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 10877, Nov.
• Gianmarco I.P. Ottaviano & Giovanni Peri, 2004, "The Economic Value of Cultural Diversity: Evidence from US Cities," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 10904, Nov.
• Diego Comin & Sunil Mulani, 2004, "Diverging Trends in Macro and Micro Volatility: Facts," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 10922, Nov.
• Kyle Bagwell & Robert W. Staiger, 2004, "Enforcement, Private Political Pressure and the GATT/WTO Escape Clause," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 10987, Dec.
• Luigi Guiso & Paola Sapienza & Luigi Zingales, 2004, "Cultural Biases in Economic Exchange," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 11005, Dec.

2003

• James E. Anderson & Eric van Wincoop, 2003, "Gravity with Gravitas: A Solution to the Border Puzzle," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, volume 93, issue 1, pages 170-192, March, DOI: 10.1257/000282803321455214.
• Carolyn L. Evans, 2003, "The Economic Significance of National Border Effects," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, volume 93, issue 4, pages 1291-1312, September.
• Hefeker, Carsten, 2003, "Handels- und Finanz- architektur im Umbruch: Globale Integration und die institutionelle Arbeitsteilung von IWF, Weltbank und WTO," Discussion Paper Series, Hamburg Institute of International Economics, number 26158, DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.26158.
• Kaiser, Kai & Schulze, Gunther G., 2003, "International Competition and Environmental Expenditures: Empirical Evidence from Indonesian Manufacturing Plants," Discussion Paper Series, Hamburg Institute of International Economics, number 26255, DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.26255.
• Estes, Edmund A., 2003, "Tomato Wars: A Discussion of How International Trade, Structural Changes, and Competitiveness Affect the North American Produce Industry," Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Southern Agricultural Economics Association, volume 35, issue 2, pages 1-7, August, DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.43207.
• Hanson, Gordon H. & Mataloni, Jr., Raymond J. & Slaughter, Matthew J., 2003, "Vertical Production Networks in Multinational Firms," Conference papers, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project, number 331164.
• Dean, Judith M. & Feinberg, Robert & Ferrantino, Michael J. & Ludema, Rodney, 2003, "Estimating the Tariff-Equivalent of NTMs," Working Papers, United States International Trade Commission, Office of Economics, number 15858, DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.15858.
• Andriamananjara, Soamiely & Ferrantino, Michael J. & Tsigas, Marinos E., 2003, "Alternative Approaches in Estimating the Economic Effects of Non-Tariff Measures: Results from Newly Quantified Measures," Working Papers, United States International Trade Commission, Office of Economics, number 15872, DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.15872.
• Copeland,B.R. & Scott Taylor,M., 2003, "Trade, growth and the environment," Working papers, Wisconsin Madison - Social Systems, number 10.
• Bagwell,K. & Mavroidis,P.C. & Staiger,R.W., 2003, "The case for auctioning countermeasures in the WTO," Working papers, Wisconsin Madison - Social Systems, number 14.
• Bagwell,K. & Staiger,R.W., 2003, "National sovereignty in an interdependent world," Working papers, Wisconsin Madison - Social Systems, number 27.
• Ganesh S. Mani & Srivyal Vuyyuri, 2003, "Revisiting the Relationship between Real Exchange Rate and Trade Balances," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 2, pages 34-44.
• Aleksandar Dimitrov, 2003, "The Effect of Economic and Social Resources in Some Countries in Transition for 2000: An Econometric Model," Economic Thought journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 6, pages 3-25.
• Joseph Francois & Will Martin, 2003, "Formula Approaches for Market Access Negotiations," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, volume 26, issue 1, pages 1-28, January, DOI: 10.1111/1467-9701.00507.
• Alan V. Deardorff, 2003, "What Might Globalisation's Critics Believe?," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, volume 26, issue 5, pages 639-658, May, DOI: 10.1111/1467-9701.00540.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "South Asia: Does Preferential Trade Liberalisation Make Sense?," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, volume 26, issue 9, pages 1279-1291, September, DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-9701.2003.00573.x.
• P. Manasse & L. Stanca, 2003, "Working on the Train? The role of technical Progress and the Trade in Explaining Wage Differentials in Italian Firms," Working Papers, Dipartimento Scienze Economiche, Universita' di Bologna, number 482.
• Wolfgang Keller & Stephen R. Yeaple, 2003, "Multinational Enterprises, International Trade, and Productivity Growth: Firm-Level Evidence from the United States," Working Papers, Brown University, Department of Economics, number 2003-06.
• V. Nesvadba & J. Černý & K. Krofta, 2003, "Transfer of the hop (Humulus lupulus L.) alpha-bitter acid content to progenies of F1 and I1 generations in selected parental components," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, volume 49, issue 6, pages 269-276, DOI: 10.17221/4124-PSE.
• Scotchmer, Suzanne, 2003, "The Political Economy of Intellectual Property Treaties," Berkeley Olin Program in Law & Economics, Working Paper Series, Berkeley Olin Program in Law & Economics, number qt9j50z2gz, Jan.
• David Roland-Holst & Dominique van der Mensbrugghe, 2003, "Trade Liberalization in the Americas: are Regionalism and Globalization Compatible?," Economie Internationale, CEPII research center, issue 94-95, pages 17-31.
• Xinshen Diao & Eugenio Díaz-Bonilla & Sherman Robinson, 2003, "Scenarios for Trade Integration in the Americas," Economie Internationale, CEPII research center, issue 94-95, pages 33-51.
• Philippa Dee, 2003, "Modelling the Policy Issues in Services Trade," Economie Internationale, CEPII research center, issue 94-95, pages 283-300.
• Josh Ederington & Jenny Minier, 2003, "Is environmental policy a secondary trade barrier? An empirical analysis," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, volume 36, issue 1, pages 137-154, February, DOI: 10.1111/1540-5982.00007.
• John Baldwin & Wulong Gu, 2003, "Export-market participation and productivity performance in Canadian manufacturing," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, volume 36, issue 3, pages 634-657, August, DOI: 10.1111/1540-5982.t01-2-00006.
• Paolo Manasse & Luca Stanca, 2003, "Working on the Train? The Role of Technical Progress and Trade in Explaining Wage Differentials in Italian Firms," Development Working Papers, Centro Studi Luca d'Agliano, University of Milano, number 177, Dec.
• Irwin, Douglas A., 2003, "Causing problems? The WTO review of causation and injury attribution in US Section 201 cases," World Trade Review, Cambridge University Press, volume 2, issue 3, pages 297-325, November.
• Holger Görg & Frederic Warzynski, 2003, "Price Cost Margins and Exporting Behaviour: Evidence from Firm Level Data," Discussion Papers of DIW Berlin, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, number 365.
• Hassan Molana & Catia Montagna, 2003, "Welfare State, Market Imperfections and International Trade," Dundee Discussion Papers in Economics, Economic Studies, University of Dundee, number 146, Aug.
• Islam, Sulequl, 2003, "Expansions of the European Union and the NAFTA: Implications for New and Non-Member countries," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, volume 3, issue 2.
• Patrice Cassagnard, 2003, "A useful graphical method under Cournot competition," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, volume 3, issue 13, pages 1-5.
• Fumiko Takeda & Katsumi Matsuura, 2003, "Exchange rate pass-through and strategic pricing: Evidence from Japanese imports of DRAMs," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, volume 6, issue 8, pages 1-13.
• Ruffin, Roy J & Ronald W Jones, 2003, "Trade and Wages: A Deeper Investigation," Royal Economic Society Annual Conference 2003, Royal Economic Society, number 178, Jun.
• Santoni, Michele, 2003, "Product market integration and endogenous bargaining structure," Royal Economic Society Annual Conference 2003, Royal Economic Society, number 180, Jun.
• Frankel, Jeffrey & Rose, Andrew K., 2003, "Is Trade Good or Bad for the Environment? Sorting Out the Causality," Working Paper Series, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government, number rwp03-038, Sep.
• Wacziarg, Romain & Welch, Karen Horn, 2003, "Trade Liberalization and Growth: New Evidence," Research Papers, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business, number 1826, Nov.
• Marc J. Melitz, 2003, "The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, volume 71, issue 6, pages 1695-1725, November.
• Deaton, Angus & Laroque, Guy, 2003, "A model of commodity prices after Sir Arthur Lewis," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, volume 71, issue 2, pages 289-310, August.
• Ibarra-Yunez, Alejandro, 2003, "Spaghetti regionalism or strategic foreign trade: some evidence for Mexico," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, volume 72, issue 2, pages 567-584, December.
• Irwin, Douglas A., 2003, "The optimal tax on antebellum US cotton exports," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 60, issue 2, pages 275-291, August.
• Razin, Assaf & Sadka, Efraim & Coury, Tarek, 2003, "Trade openness, investment instability and terms-of-trade volatility," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, volume 61, issue 2, pages 285-306, December.
• Harrigan, James & Vanjani, Rohit, 2003, "Is Japan's trade (still) different?," Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Elsevier, volume 17, issue 4, pages 507-519, December.
• Meza González, Liliana, 2003, "Apertura comercial y cambio tecnológico. Efectos en el mercado laboral mexicano," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, volume 70, issue 279, pages 457-505, julio-sep.
• Rana Hasan & Devashish Mitra & K.V. Ramaswamy, 2003, "Trade Reforms, Labor Regulations and Labor-Demand Elasticities: Empirical Evidence from India," Economics Study Area Working Papers, East-West Center, Economics Study Area, number 59, Jun.
• Guillaume Daudin, 2003, "Do Frontiers give of do frontiers take ? The case of intercontinental trade in France at the end of the Ancien Régime," Documents de Travail de l'OFCE, Observatoire Francais des Conjonctures Economiques (OFCE), number 2003-03.
• Suzanne Scotchmer, 2003, "The political economy of intellectual property treaties," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, issue nov.
• Carolyn L. Evans & James Harrigan, 2003, "Distance, time, and specialization," International Finance Discussion Papers, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), number 766.
• Gadi Barlevy, 2003, "Estimating models of on-the-job search using record statistics," Working Paper Series, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, number WP-03-18.
• Josh Ederington, Arik Levinson & Jenny Minier, 2003, "Footlose and Pollution Free," Working Papers, Georgetown University, Department of Economics, number gueconwpa~03-03-04, Mar.
• Anne Yapaudjian-Thibaut & Sophie Tarascou & David Laborde, 2003, "Mondialisation Et Répartition Des Revenus : Un Modèle D'Équilibre Général Calculable," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-02056835.
• Dekle, Robert & Ryoo, Heajin, 2003, "Exchange Rate Fluctuations, Financing Constraints, Hedging, and Exports: Evidence from Firm Level Data," CEI Working Paper Series, Center for Economic Institutions, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, number 2003-13, Jun.
• Terence D.Agbeyegbe, 2003, "On the feasibility of a monetary union in the Southern Africa Development Community," Economics Working Paper Archive at Hunter College, Hunter College Department of Economics, number 306, revised 2003.
• Nogués, Julio J., 2003, "Reciprocity in the FTAA: The Roles of Market Access, Institutions and Negotiating Capacity," IDB Publications (Working Papers), Inter-American Development Bank, number 2624, Jul.
• Alejandro Cunat & Marco Maffezzoli, 2003, "Can Comparative Advantage Explain the Growth of US Trade?," Working Papers, IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University, number 241.
• Paolo Manasse & Luca Stanca, 2003, "Working on the Train? The Role of Technical Progress and Trade in Explaining Wage Differentials in Italian Firms," Working Papers, IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University, number 242.
• Andrew B. Bernard & J. Bradford Jensen & Peter K. Schott, 2003, "Falling Trade Costs, Heterogeneous Firms, and Industry Dynamics," Working Paper Series, Peterson Institute for International Economics, number WP03-4, May.
• Mr. Arvind Panagariya & Rupa Duttagupta, 2003, "Free Trade Areas and Rules of Origin: Economics and Politics," IMF Working Papers, International Monetary Fund, number 2003/229, Nov.
• Stephen R. Yeaple & Wolfgang Keller, 2003, "Multinational Enterprises, International Trade, and Productivity Growth: Firm-Level Evidence From the United States," IMF Working Papers, International Monetary Fund, number 2003/248, Dec.
• Sebastián Claro, 2003, "Latin America in the Era of Glabalization - Introduction," Latin American Journal of Economics-formerly Cuadernos de Economía, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., volume 40, issue 121, pages 413-413.
• Julio Nogués, 2003, "Mercosur's Labyrinth and World Regionalism," Latin American Journal of Economics-formerly Cuadernos de Economía, Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., volume 40, issue 121, pages 452-459.
• Sebastián Claro, 2003, "Tariffs, Technology and Global Integration," Documentos de Trabajo, Instituto de Economia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., number 240.
• José Pedro Pontes, 2003, "A Theory of the Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment and Trade," Working Papers Department of Economics, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, Department of Economics, Universidade de Lisboa, number 2003/11.
• SaangJoon Baak & Arif Al-Mahmood & Souksavanh Vixathep, 2003, "Exchange Rate Volatility and Exports from East Asian Countries to Japan and the U. S," Working Papers, Research Institute, International University of Japan, number EMS_2003_01, Jun.
• Yuqing Xing & Laixun Zhao, 2003, "Reverse Imports, Foreign Direct Investment and Exchange Rates," Working Papers, Research Institute, International University of Japan, number EMS_2003_03, Aug.
• Laixun Zhao & Yuqing Xing, 2003, "Currency Devaluation and Global Outsourcing," Working Papers, Research Institute, International University of Japan, number EMS_2003_04, Oct.
• Yu-Ter Wang, 2003, "Export Subsidy Competition And The Wto Agreement," Journal of Economic Development, Chung-Ang Unviersity, Department of Economics, volume 28, issue 1, pages 23-34, June.
• Wellisch Dietmar, 2003, "Internationale Verrechnungspreismethoden, Neutralität und die Gewinne multinationaler Unternehmen / Transfer Pricing, Neutrality, and the Profits of Multinational Firms," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, volume 223, issue 3, pages 332-359, June, DOI: 10.1515/jbnst-2003-0305.
• Wellisch Dietmar, 2003, "Internationale Verrechnungspreismethoden, Neutralität und die Gewinne multinationaler Unternehmen / Transfer Pricing, Neutrality, and the Profits of Multinational Firms," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, volume 223, issue 4, pages 464-478, August, DOI: 10.1515/jbnst-2003-0406.
• Blum Ulrich, 2003, "Borders Matter! - Regional Integration in North America / Grenzen sind bedeutsam! - Regionale Integration Nordamerika," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, volume 223, issue 5, pages 513-531, October, DOI: 10.1515/jbnst-2003-0502.
• Gieyoung Lim, 2003, "Government Size, Trade and Growth," Korean Economic Review, Korean Economic Association, volume 19, pages 53-79.
• Jorge Chami Batista, 2003, "Latin American Export Specialization and Growth: An Inquiry into the Nature of Product Competition between Different Exporters," Discussion Paper Series, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University, number 146, Sep.
• Helena Marques & Hugh Metcalf, 2003, "Extending the EU Single Market Eastwards: Sectoral Trade and Real Wage Effects," Discussion Paper Series, Department of Economics, Loughborough University, number 2003_10, Oct, revised Oct 2003.
• Helena Marques & Hugh Metcalf, 2003, "What Determines Sectoral Trade in the Enlarged EU?," Discussion Paper Series, Department of Economics, Loughborough University, number 2003_8, Sep, revised Sep 2003.
• Liliana Yaned Franco Vásquez & José Alfredo Vásquez Paniagua, 2003, "Efectos del grado de apertura económica en las productividades industriales de los departamentos colombianos, 1967-1998," Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, Departamento de Economía, issue 59, pages 127-148, Julio-Dic.
• Benjamin Bridgman, 2003, "Energy Prices and the Expansion of World Trade," Departmental Working Papers, Department of Economics, Louisiana State University, number 2003-014, Dec.
• Alan V. Deardorff & Robert M. Stern, 2003, "Empirical Analysis of Barriers to International Services Transactions and the Consequences of Liberalization," Working Papers, Research Seminar in International Economics, University of Michigan, number 505.
• DUDLEY, Leonard & MOENIUS, Johannes, 2003, "Directed Technical Change and International Trade," Cahiers de recherche, Universite de Montreal, Departement de sciences economiques, number 2003-18.
• Paolo Epifani, 2003, "Trade liberalization, Firm Performances and Labor Market Outcomes in the Developing World, what Can We Learn From Micro-Level Data?," Rivista italiana degli economisti, Società editrice il Mulino, issue 3, pages 455-486.
• Michael D. Bordo & Alan M. Taylor & Jeffrey G. Williamson, 2003, "Globalization in Historical Perspective," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number bord03-1, December.
• Sebastian Edwards, 2003, "Inter-American Seminar on Economics (IASE) 2002," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number iase03-1, December.
• Takatoshi Ito & Anne O. Krueger, 2003, "Trade in Services in the Asia-Pacific Region," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number ito_03-1, December.
• Kyoji Fukao & Takeo Hoshi & Sadao Nagaoka & David Weinstein, 2003, "New Developments in Empirical International Trade (NBER-TCER-CEPR-RIETI conference)," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number jjie03-1, December.
• Kenn Ariga & Kenji Matsui, 2003, "Mismeasurement of the CPI," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "Structural Impediments to Growth in Japan".
• Ronald Findlay & Kevin H. O'Rourke, 2003, "Commodity Market Integration, 1500-2000," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "Globalization in Historical Perspective".
• Peter H. Lindert & Jeffrey G. Williamson, 2003, "Does Globalization Make the World More Unequal?," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "Globalization in Historical Perspective".
• Nicholas Crafts & Anthony Venables, 2003, "Globalization in History.A Geographical Perspective," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "Globalization in Historical Perspective".
• Arvind Subramanian & Shang-Jin Wei, 2003, "The WTO Promotes Trade, Strongly But Unevenly," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 10024, Oct.
• James Harrigan & Rohit Vanjani, 2003, "Is Japan's Trade (still) Different?," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 10058, Nov.
• Devashish Mitra & Vitor Trindade, 2003, "Inequality and Trade," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 10087, Nov.
• Assaf Razin & Yona Rubinstein & Efraim Sadka, 2003, "Which Countries Export FDI, and How Much?," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 10145, Dec.
• Gadi Barlevy, 2003, "Estimating Models of On-the-Job Search Using Record Statistics," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 10146, Dec.
• Romain Wacziarg & Karen Horn Welch, 2003, "Trade Liberalization and Growth: New Evidence," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 10152, Dec.
• Philippa Dee & Jyothi Gali, 2003, "The Trade and Investment Effects of Preferential Trading Arrangements," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 10160, Dec.
• Mitsuyo Ando & Fukinari Kimura, 2003, "The Formation of International Production and Distribution Networks in East Asia," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 10167, Dec.
• John Whalley & J. Clark Leith, 2003, "Competitive Liberalization and a US-SACU FTA," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 10168, Dec.
• Dukgeun Ahn, 2003, "WTO Dispute Settlements in East Asia," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 10178, Dec.
• John Whalley, 2003, "Assessing the Benefits to Developing Countries of Liberalization in Services Trade," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 10181, Dec.
• Silvana Tenreyro & Robert J. Barro, 2003, "Economic Effects of Currency Unions," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9435, Jan.
• Kenn Ariga & Kenji Matsui, 2003, "Mismeasurement of the CPI," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9436, Jan.
• Edgar Cudmore & John Whalley, 2003, "Border Delays and Trade Liberalization," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9485, Feb.
• Wolfgang Keller & Stephen R. Yeaple, 2003, "Multinational Enterprises, International Trade, and Productivity Growth: Firm-Level Evidence from the United States," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9504, Feb.
• Margaret Levenstein & Valerie Suslow & Lynda Oswald, 2003, "International Price-Fixing Cartels and Developing Countries: A Discussion of Effects and Policy Remedies," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9511, Feb.
• Saif I. Shah Mohammed & Jeffrey G. Williamson, 2003, "Freight Rates and Productivity Gains in British Tramp Shipping 1869-1950," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9531, Mar.
• Gordon H. Hanson, 2003, "What Has Happened to Wages in Mexico since NAFTA?," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9563, Mar.
• James E. Anderson, 2003, "Traders, Cops and Robbers," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9572, Mar.
• Doulgas A. Irwin, 2003, "New Estimates of the Average Tariff of the United States, 1790-1820," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9616, Apr.
• Andrew B. Bernard & J. Bradford Jensen & Peter K. Schott, 2003, "Falling Trade Costs, Heterogeneous Firms, and Industry Dynamics," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9639, Apr.
• Jeffrey G. Williamson, 2003, "Was It Stolper-Samuelson, Infant Industry or Something Else? World Trade Tariffs 1789-1938," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9656, Apr.
• Jeffrey G. Williamson & Luis Bertola, 2003, "Globalization in Latin America Before 1940," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9687, May.
• Alejandro Ibarra-Yunez, 2003, "Spaghetti Regionalism or Strategic Foreign Trade: Some Evidence for Mexico," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9692, May.
• Josh Ederington & Arik Levinson & Jenny Minier, 2003, "Footloose and Pollution-Free," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9718, May.
• Gordon H. Hanson & Raymond J. Mataloni & Matthew J. Slaughter, 2003, "Vertical Production Networks in Multinational Firms," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9723, May.
• Carolyn L. Evans & James Harrigan, 2003, "Distance, Time, and Specialization," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9729, May.
• Douglas A. Irwin, 2003, "Causing Problems? The WTO Review of Causation and Injury Attribution in U.S. Section 201 Cases," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9815, Jul.
• Brian R. Copeland & M. Scott Taylor, 2003, "Trade, Growth and the Environment," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9823, Jul.
• Kevin O'Rourke, 2003, "Heckscher-Ohlin Theory and Individual Attitudes Towards Globalization," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9872, Jul.
• Rana Hasan & Devashish Mitra & K.V. Ramaswamy, 2003, "Trade Reforms, Labor Regulations and Labor-Demand Elasticities: Empirical Evidence from India," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9879, Aug.
• Kyle Bagwell & Petros C. Mavroidis & Robert W. Staiger, 2003, "The Case for Auctioning Countermeasures in the WTO," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9920, Aug.
• Christopher Blattman & Jason Hwang & Jeffrey G. Williamson, 2003, "The Terms of Trade and Economic Growth in the Periphery 1870-1938," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9940, Sep.
• Joel Waldfogel & Lu Chen, 2003, "Does Information Undermine Brand? Information Intermediary Use and Preference for Branded Web Retailers," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9942, Sep.
• Douglas A. Irwin, 2003, "The Aftermath of Hamilton's "Report on Manufactures"," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9943, Sep.
• Douglas A. Irwin & Joseph H. Davis, 2003, "Trade Disruptions and America's Early Industrialization," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9944, Sep.
• Erkan Erdem & James Tybout, 2003, "Trade Policy and Industrial Sector Responses: Using Evolutionary Models to Interpret the Evidence," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 9947, Sep.
• Arvind Subramanian & Natalia T. Tamirisa, 2003, "Is Africa Integrated in the Global Economy?," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, volume 50, issue 3, pages 1-2.
• Mitchell Kellman & Trevor Roxo & Yochanan Shachmurove, 2003, "South Africa’s International Competitiveness: A Product Level Analysis," PIER Working Paper Archive, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, number 03-020, Jul.
• Seaman, Bruce A. & Moore, Robert E., 2003, "International trade and economic development: Can foreign direct investment be predicted?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 10510, Dec.
• Alam, M. Shahid, 2003, "A Short History of the Global Economy Since 1800," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 1263, Jun.
• Wulong Gu & Gary Sawchuk & Lori Rennison, 2003, "The effect of tariff reductions on firm size and firm turnover in canadian manufacturing," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), volume 139, issue 3, pages 440-459, September, DOI: 10.1007/BF02659670.
• Valeria Arza, 2003, "Trade Reforms and Technological Accumulation: the Case of the Industrial Sector in Argentina during the 1990s," SPRU Working Paper Series, SPRU - Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex Business School, number 96, Jun.
• Gabriel Rodriguez & Yiagadeesen Samy, 2003, "Analysing the effects of labour standards on US export performance. A time series approach with structural change," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 35, issue 9, pages 1043-1051, DOI: 10.1080/0003684032000079161.
• Don Clark & Denise Stanley, 2003, "Determinants Of Intraindustry Trade Between The United States And Industrial Nations," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 17, issue 3, pages 1-17, DOI: 10.1080/10168730300080016.
• Don Clark & Denise Stanley, 2003, "Determinants of Intraindustry Trade Between the United States and Industrial Nations," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 17, issue 3, pages 1-18, DOI: 10.1080/10168730300000001.
• Don Bredin & Stilianos Fountas & Eithne Murphy, 2003, "An Empirical Analysis of Short-run and Long-run Irish Export Functions: Does exchange rate volatility matter?," International Review of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 17, issue 2, pages 193-208, DOI: 10.1080/0269217032000064053.
• Anne YAPAUDJIAN-THIBAUT & Sophie TARASCOU & David LABORDE, 2003, "Mondialisation Et Repartition Des Revenus : Un Modele D'Equilibre General Calculable," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, volume 17, pages 77-108.
• Hadass, Yael S & Williamson, Jeffrey G, 2003, "Terms-of-Trade Shocks and Economic Performance, 1870-1940: Prebisch and Singer Revisited," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, volume 51, issue 3, pages 629-656, April, DOI: 10.1086/375259.
• Lynda Oswald & Valerie Suslow & Margaret Levenstein & Manuel Pastor, 2003, "International Price-Fixing Cartels and Developing Countries: A Discussion of Effects and Policy Remedies," Working Papers, Political Economy Research Institute, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, number wp53.
• Jose Tavares, 2003, "Trade, factor proportions and political rights," Nova SBE Working Paper Series, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Nova School of Business and Economics, number wp437.
• Kriechel, Ben & Ziesemer, Thomas, 2003, "The Environmental Porter Hypothesis as a Technology Adoption Problem?," Research Memorandum, Maastricht University, Maastricht Economic Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT), number 011.
• David E. Weinstein & Donald Davis, 2003, "Market Size, Linkages, and Productivity: A Study Of Japanese Regions," WIDER Working Paper Series, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER), number DP2003-53.
• MoonJoong Tcha & Jae H. Kim, 2003, "Exchange Rate Pass-Through and Market Response: The Case of the US Steel Market," Economics Discussion / Working Papers, The University of Western Australia, Department of Economics, number 03-02.
• Epifani, Paolo, 2003, "Trade liberalization, firm performance, and labor market outcomes in the developing world : what can we learn from micro-level data?," Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, number 3063, May.
• Nogues,Julio, 2003, "US contingent protection against honey imports : development aspects and the Doha Round," Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, number 3088, Jun.
• Chong-En Bai & Yingjuan Du & Zhigang Tao & Sarah Y. Tong, 2003, "Local Protectionism and Regional Specialization: Evidence from China???s Industries," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan, number 2003-565, Jun.
• Abdur Chowdhury, 2003, "Wto Accession: What???S In It For Russia?," William Davidson Institute Working Papers Series, William Davidson Institute at the University of Michigan, number 2003-595, Jul.
• Josh Ederington & Jenny Minier, 2003, "Is environmental policy a secondary trade barrier? An empirical analysis," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, volume 36, issue 1, pages 137-154, March, DOI: 10.1111/1540-5982.00007.
• John R. Baldwin & Wulong Gu, 2003, "Export‐market participation and productivity performance in Canadian manufacturing," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, volume 36, issue 3, pages 634-657, August, DOI: 10.1111/1540-5982.t01-2-00006.
• Christine A. McDaniel & Edward J. Balistreri, 2003, "A Discussion on Armington Trade Substitution Elasticities," Computational Economics, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0303002, Mar.
• Lucian Cernat & Sam Laird & Alessandro Turrini, 2003, "How Important are Market Access Issues for Developing Countries in the Doha Agenda?," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0302004, Feb.
• Russell Hillberry & Christine McDaniel, 2003, "A Decomposition of North American Trade Growth since NAFTA," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0303003, Mar.
• Productivity Commission, 2003, "Removing Tariffs on Goods Originating from Least Developed Countries," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0304002, Apr.
• Owen Gabbitas & Paul Gretton, 2003, "Firm size and export performance: some empirical evidence," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0304003, Apr.
• Dragan Cisic & Ivan Franciskovic & Ana Peric, 2003, "Business Models For Transport eBusiness," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0305003, May.
• Iván Martín, 2003, "Globalización, Asociación Euromediterránea y Desarrollo," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0307004, Jul.
• Iván Martín, 2003, "El Sistema Generalizado de Preferencias: las razones de una frustración (Generalized System of Preferences: The Reasons for the Frustration)," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0307007, Jul.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "Alternative Approaches to Measuring the Cost of Protection," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0308002, Aug.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "Cost of Protection where do we stand?," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0308003, Aug.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "Bhagwati Ramaswami: Why is it a Classic," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0308004, Aug.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "The “Gains” from Preferential Trade Liberalization in the CGE," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0308005, Aug.
• Arvind Panagariya & Rupa Dutta Gupta, 2003, "Free Trade Areas and Rules of Origin: Economics and Politics," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0308006, Aug.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "Trade Openness: Consequences for the Elasticity of Demand for Labor and Wage Outcomes," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0308007, Aug.
• Arvind Panagariya & Poonam Gupta, 2003, "Injury Investigations in Anti-dumping and the Super-Additivity," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0308008, Aug.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "Preferential Trading and Welfare: The Small-Union Case Revisited," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0308009, Aug.
• Arvind Panagariya & Rupa Dutta Gupta, 2003, "Did the Multi-fiber Agreement Make the NAFTA Politically More Acceptable? A Theoretical Analysis," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0308010, Aug.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "Aid through Trade: An effective option," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0308011, Aug.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "Trade and Food Security Conceptualizing the Linkages," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0308012, Aug.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "Miracles and Debacles: Do Free-trade Skeptics have a Case?," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0308013, Aug.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "EU Preferential Trade Policies and Developing Countries," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0308014, Aug.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "Developing Countries at Doha: A Political Economy Analysis," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0308015, Aug.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "India at Doha:Retrospect and Prospect," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0308016, Aug.
• Arvind Panagariya & Jagdish Bhagwati, 2003, "Wanted: Jubilee 2010 Against Protectionism," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0308017, Aug.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "The Millennium Round and Developing Countries: Negotiating Strategies and Areas of Benefits," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0308018, Aug.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "ECommerce WTO and developing countries," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0309001, Sep.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "TRIPS and the WTO An Uneasy Marriage," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0309002, Sep.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "Trade Labour Link A Post Seattle Analysis," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0309003, Sep.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "Labor Standards and Trade Sanctions: Right End Wrong Means," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0309004, Sep.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "Free Trade At Border," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0309005, Sep.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "Alternative Approaches to Reciprocal Tariff Liberalization," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0309006, Sep.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "The Regionalism Debate: An Overview," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0309007, Sep.
• Arvind Panagariya, 2003, "Evaluating The Case For Export Subsidies," International Trade, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 0309008, Sep.