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Low-Skill and High-Skill Automation

Citations

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Cited by:

  1. Jiang, Kai & Xin, Baogui & Santibanez Gonzalez, Ernesto D.R., 2025. "Can industrial intelligence promote net-zero development? An analysis of resource dependence," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
  2. Xiaozhen Qin & Jianfu Shen & Eddie Hui & Xun Li, 2026. "Skill-related thickness and employment growth in China’s urban labour market," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 75(1), pages 1-31, March.
  3. Ang, James & Yan, Zhenli & Xiao, Tusheng & Yuan, Chun & Wang, Jingfang, 2024. "Impact of Fintech on labor allocation efficiency in firms: Empirical evidence from China," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
  4. Francis Green & Golo Henseke, 2021. "Europe’s evolving graduate labour markets: supply, demand, underemployment and pay," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 55(1), pages 1-13, December.
  5. Leonardo Bonilla-Mejía & Luz A. Florez & Didier Hermida & Francisco Lasso & Leonardo Fabio Morales & Juan Jose Ospina & José Pulido, 2023. "Is the COVID-19 Pandemic Fast-Tracking Automation in Developing Countries? Evidence from Colombia," Journal of Human Capital, University of Chicago Press, vol. 17(4), pages 593-616.
  6. Wang, En-Ze & Lee, Chien-Chiang & Li, Yaya, 2022. "Assessing the impact of industrial robots on manufacturing energy intensity in 38 countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
  7. Wen, Huwei & Shang, Junjie & Nghiem, Xuan-Hoa, 2025. "Does artificial intelligence matter for the population aging-inclusive growth nexus? International evidence," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 49(4).
  8. Wang, Linhui & Zhou, Huilin & Wan, Guanghua, 2025. "The impact of robots on unemployment duration: Evidence from the Chinese General Social Survey," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
  9. Maddalena Honorati & Indhira Santos & Indhira Santos, 2024. "Investing in Skills to Accelerate Job Transitions," World Bank Publications - Reports 42103, The World Bank Group.
  10. Bughin, Jacques, 2025. "Corporate AI play and short term skill-biased AI change," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
  11. Narvaez, Cristian Camilo Moreno, 2022. "Automation and the Labor Market: Evidence from Technological Change in Colombia, 2009-2017," SocArXiv v382q_v1, Center for Open Science.
  12. Lu Fang & Zhe Yuan & Kaifu Zhang & Dante Donati & Miklos Sarvary, 2025. "Generative AI and Sales Productivity: Field Experiments in Online Retail," Papers 2510.12049, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2026.
  13. Gravina, Antonio Francesco & Foster-McGregor, Neil, 2020. "Automation, globalisation and relative wages: An empirical analysis of winners and losers," MERIT Working Papers 2020-040, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
  14. Stemmler, Henry, 2019. "Does automation lead to de-industrialization in emerging economies? Evidence from Brazil," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 382, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
  15. Takuji Fueki & Kohei Maehashi, 2019. "Inflation Dynamics in the Age of Robots: Evidence and Some Theory," Bank of Japan Working Paper Series 19-E-9, Bank of Japan.
  16. repec:iab:iabjlr:v:55:p:art.02 is not listed on IDEAS
  17. Zhang, Pengqing, 2019. "Automation, wage inequality and implications of a robot tax," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 500-509.
  18. Dongyu Zhao & Man Wang, 2024. "Smart Manufacturing Promotes High-Quality Development of Enterprises in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-20, November.
  19. Genz, Sabrina & Schnabel, Claus, 2021. "Digging into the digital divide: Workers' exposure to digitalization and its consequences for individual employment," Discussion Papers 118, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Chair of Labour and Regional Economics.
  20. Gan, Jiawu & Liu, Lihua & Qiao, Gang & Zhang, Qin, 2023. "The role of robot adoption in green innovation: Evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
  21. Elina Makela & Matthew Bone & Mareike Sehrer & Farah Nanji & Fabian Stephany, 2024. "Complement or substitute? How AI increases the demand for human skills," Papers 2412.19754, arXiv.org, revised Jun 2026.
  22. Vesely, Stepan & Amaris, Gloria, 2025. "AI-driven income inequality and preferences for redistribution," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 642-648.
  23. Filippo Bertani & Marco Raberto & Andrea Teglio, 2020. "The productivity and unemployment effects of the digital transformation: an empirical and modelling assessment," Review of Evolutionary Political Economy, Springer, vol. 1(3), pages 329-355, November.
  24. Li, Xin & Liu, Zhaoda & Ye, Yongwei, 2024. "Public data and corporate employment: Evidence from the launch of Chinese public data platform," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 124-144.
  25. Yang, Jie & Wang, Fayan & Zhou, Jingchi & Zhao, Libin, 2025. "Double-edged sword effect of customer concentration on the adoption of industrial robots," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
  26. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Yan, Jingyang & Wang, Fuhao, 2024. "Impact of population aging on food security in the context of artificial intelligence: Evidence from China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
  27. Huang, Keqi & Liu, Qiren & Tang, Chengjian, 2023. "Which firms benefit from robot adoption? Evidence from China," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
  28. Cao, Yuanyuan & Chen, Shaojian & Tang, Heyan, 2025. "Robot adoption and firm export: Evidence from China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
  29. Bloom, David E. & Prettner, Klaus & Saadaoui, Jamel & Veruete, Mario, 2025. "Artificial intelligence and the skill premium," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
  30. Fang, Lan & Quan, Yurong & Mao, Hui & Chen, Shaojian, 2022. "The Information Communication Technology and Off-farm Employment of Rural Laborers: An Analysis Based on the Micro Data of China Family Panel Studies," 2022 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Anaheim, California 322088, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
  31. Xin Zhao & Dan Wu & Lijin Wang, 2025. "Wage Effect and Workers’ Skill Mismatch: Paths and Mechanisms," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(1), pages 21582440251, February.
  32. Ana Ferreira, 2020. "Skill-Biased Technological Change and Inequality in the U.S," Notas Económicas, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, issue 51, pages 91-107, December.
  33. Peralta, Catarina & Gil, Pedro Mazeda, 2025. "Automation, education, and population: Dynamic effects in an OLG growth and fertility model," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
  34. Huang, Keqi & Liu, Qiren, 2024. "Artificial intelligence and outward foreign direct investment: Evidence from China," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
  35. Cheng, Can & Luo, Jiayu & Zhu, Chun & Zhang, Shangfeng, 2024. "Artificial intelligence and the skill premium: A numerical analysis of theoretical models," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
  36. Shreya Roy, 2024. "Impact of Industrial BOTS on Employment, Skilled–Unskilled Wage Disparities and Talent Gap," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 22(4), pages 1039-1051, December.
  37. Borsato, Andrea & Lorentz, André, 2023. "The Kaldor–Verdoorn law at the age of robots and AI," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 52(10).
  38. Gasteiger, Emanuel & Prettner, Klaus, 2022. "Automation, Stagnation, And The Implications Of A Robot Tax," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 26(1), pages 218-249, January.
  39. Kim, Jae-Yoon & Lee, Dongwoo, 2024. "Pension systems revisited in the age of automation and an aging economy," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
  40. Bishnu, Monisankar & Chingri, Subhrasil & Mondal, Debasis & Prettner, Klaus, 2025. "Automation, Gender, and Inequality: Which Tradeoffs do Policymakers Face?," Department of Economics Working Paper Series 395, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business.
  41. Han, Wang-Zhe & Zhang, Yi-Ming, 2024. "Carbon reduction effect of industrial robots: Breaking the impasse for carbon emissions and development," Innovation and Green Development, Elsevier, vol. 3(3).
  42. Maarek, Paul & Moiteaux, Elliot, 2021. "Polarization, employment and the minimum wage: Evidence from European local labor markets," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
  43. Geiger, Niels & Prettner, Klaus & Schwarzer, Johannes A., 2018. "Automatisierung, Wachstum und Ungleichheit," Hohenheim Discussion Papers in Business, Economics and Social Sciences 13-2018, University of Hohenheim, Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences.
  44. Zhao, Yantong & Said, Rusmawati & Ismail, Normaz Wana & Hamzah, Hanny Zurina, 2024. "Impact of industrial robot on labour productivity: Empirical study based on industry panel data," Innovation and Green Development, Elsevier, vol. 3(2).
  45. Yang, Xiyue & Chen, Hui & Li, Baoxi & Jia, Danning & Ahmad, Mahmood, 2025. "The relationship between artificial intelligence, geopolitical risk, and green growth: Exploring the moderating role of green finance and energy technology," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
  46. Foster-McGregor, Neil & Nomaler, Önder & Verspagen, Bart, 2021. "Job Automation Risk, Economic Structure and Trade: a European Perspective," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 50(7).
  47. Yang Shen & Xiuwu Zhang, 2024. "The impact of artificial intelligence on employment: the role of virtual agglomeration," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-14, December.
  48. Duan, Dingyun & Chen, Shaojian & Feng, Zongxian & Li, Jun, 2023. "Industrial robots and firm productivity," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 388-406.
  49. Ke An & Yike Shan & Sheng Shi, 2022. "Impact of Industrial Intelligence on Total Factor Productivity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-21, November.
  50. Belloc, Filippo & Burdin, Gabriel & Landini, Fabio, 2022. "Robots, Digitalization, and Worker Voice," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1038, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
  51. Shreya Roy & Sugata Marjit & Bibek Ray Chaudhuri, 2022. "Role of Artificial Intelligence in Intra-Sectoral Wage Inequality in an Open Economy: A Finite Change Approach," CESifo Working Paper Series 9862, CESifo.
  52. José-Ignacio Antón & David Klenert & Enrique Fernández-Macías & Maria Cesira Urzì Brancati & Georgios Alaveras, 2022. "The labour market impact of robotisation in Europe," European Journal of Industrial Relations, , vol. 28(3), pages 317-339, September.
  53. Belloc, Filippo & Burdin, Gabriel & Landini, Fabio, 2020. "Robots and Worker Voice: An Empirical Exploration," IZA Discussion Papers 13799, IZA Network @ LISER.
  54. Zhang, Jingting & Shi, Zhiru, 2025. "Suppress or let go? The time-varying roles of automation towards labor market," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 158-174.
  55. Zhang, Xinchun & Yu, Qi & Liu, Jianxu & He, Ying & Xu, Aijia, 2024. "The application of industrial robots and changes in capital-labour income disparity in China," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 42-56.
  56. Haonan Wang & Fangjuan Qiu, 2025. "AI adoption and labor cost stickiness: based on natural language and machine learning," Information Technology and Management, Springer, vol. 26(2), pages 163-184, June.
  57. Tiare Rivera, 2019. "Efectos de la automatización en el empleo en Chile," Revista de Analisis Economico – Economic Analysis Review, Universidad Alberto Hurtado/School of Economics and Business, vol. 34(1), pages 3-49, April.
  58. Du, Junhong & He, Jiajia & Yang, Jing & Chen, Xiaohong, 2024. "How industrial robots affect labor income share in task model: Evidence from Chinese A-share listed companies," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
  59. Jia, Nan & Yan, Xueling & Yu, Shule, 2024. "Does increasing robot density exacerbate wealth inequality?," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
  60. Corgnet, Brice & Hernán-González, Roberto & Mateo, Ricardo, 2023. "Peer effects in an automated world," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
  61. Arntz, Melanie & Gregory, Terry & Zierahn, Ulrich, 2019. "Digitalization and the future of work: Macroeconomic consequences," ZEW Discussion Papers 19-024, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
  62. Jiang, Hong & Wang, Xue & Liu, Chongguang, 2024. "Automated machines and the labor wage gap," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
  63. Jean-Philippe Deranty & Thomas Corbin, 2022. "Artificial Intelligence and work: a critical review of recent research from the social sciences," Papers 2204.00419, arXiv.org.
  64. Nikolaos Charalampidis, 2020. "The U.S. Labor Income Share And Automation Shocks," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 58(1), pages 294-318, January.
  65. Klarl, Torben, 2022. "Fragile robots, economic growth and convergence," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
  66. Stähler, Nikolai, 2021. "The Impact of Aging and Automation on the Macroeconomy and Inequality," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
  67. Pi, Jiancai & Fan, Yanwei, 2021. "The impact of robots on equilibrium unemployment of unionized workers," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 663-675.
  68. Huseynov, Samir, 2025. "ChatGPT and the labor market: Unraveling the effect of AI discussions on students’ earning expectations," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
  69. Bertani, Filippo & Ponta, Linda & Raberto, Marco & Teglio, Andrea & Cincotti, Silvano, 2021. "The complexity of the intangible digital economy: an agent-based model," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 527-540.
  70. Chen, Kaiming & Chen, Xiaoqian & Wang, Zhan-ao & Zvarych, Roman, 2024. "Does artificial intelligence promote common prosperity within enterprises? —Evidence from Chinese-listed companies in the service industry," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
  71. Jetha, Arif & Liao, Qing & Shahidi, Faraz Vahid & Vu, Viet & Biswas, Aviroop & Smith, Brendan & Smith, Peter, 2025. "Machine learning and the labor market: A portrait of occupational and worker inequities in Canada," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 381(C).
  72. Rozalin Routray & Pooja Choudhary & Vinita Sinha, 2025. "Intelligent technology and enhanced well-being: can artificial intelligence mitigate digital overload?," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 1-11, December.
  73. David Klenert & Enrique Fernández-Macías & José-Ignacio Antón, 2023. "Do robots really destroy jobs? Evidence from Europe," Economic and Industrial Democracy, Department of Economic History, Uppsala University, Sweden, vol. 44(1), pages 280-316, February.
  74. Tang, Yuwei & Sun, Yanlin & He, Zhenyu, 2025. "Air pollution and firms' robot adoption: Evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
  75. Tao, Weiliang & Weng, Shimei & Chen, Xueli & ALHussan, Fawaz Baddar & Song, Malin, 2024. "Artificial intelligence-driven transformations in low-carbon energy structure: Evidence from China," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
  76. Bokrantz, Jon & Skoogh, Anders & Berlin, Cecilia & Wuest, Thorsten & Stahre, Johan, 2020. "Smart Maintenance: a research agenda for industrial maintenance management," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
  77. Kohei Okada, 2020. "Dynamic Analysis of Education, Automation, and Economic Growth," Discussion Papers in Economics and Business 20-09, Osaka University, Graduate School of Economics.
  78. repec:iab:iabjlr:v:55:i::p:art.2 is not listed on IDEAS
  79. Lu, Chia-Hui, 2021. "The impact of artificial intelligence on economic growth and welfare," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
  80. Shohei Momoda & Takayuki Ogawa & Ryosuke Shimizu, 2024. "Automation and Growth Patterns in an Open Economy," KIER Working Papers 1109, Kyoto University, Institute of Economic Research.
  81. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Xuan, Chengnan & Wang, Fuhao, 2024. "Natural resources and green economic growth: The role of artificial intelligence," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
  82. Lucas Parmentier, 2023. "Robotization and Unbalanced Changes in High-Skill Employment," TEPP Working Paper 2023-03, TEPP.
  83. Artuc, Erhan & Bastos, Paulo & Rijkers, Bob, 2023. "Robots, tasks, and trade," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
  84. Wu, Yeyu & Xie, Sujuan & Xu, Yang, 2025. "Labor outcomes of partial privatization in state-owned enterprises: Evidence on employment and compensation under mixed ownership," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
  85. Qiu, Jiaping & Wan, Chi & Wang, Yan, 2024. "Labor-saving innovations and capital structure," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
  86. Rude, Johanna, 2024. "Demographic Change, Automation and the Role of Education," MPRA Paper 120876, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  87. Lin, Changqing & Xiao, Shengpeng & Yin, Zihui, 2022. "How do industrial robots applications affect the quality upgrade of Chinese export trade?," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 46(10).
  88. repec:ces:ceswps:_12201 is not listed on IDEAS
  89. Lin, Boqiang & Xu, Chongchong, 2024. "Enhancing energy-environmental performance through industrial intelligence: Insights from Chinese prefectural-level cities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 365(C).
  90. Andresen, Martin Eckhoff & Løkken, Sturla Andreas, 2020. "The Final straw: High school dropout for marginal students," MPRA Paper 106265, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  91. Yang Shen, 2024. "Future jobs: analyzing the impact of artificial intelligence on employment and its mechanisms," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 57(2), pages 1-33, April.
  92. Zhang, Xinchun & Sun, Murong & Liu, Jianxu & Xu, Aijia, 2024. "The nexus between industrial robot and employment in China: The effects of technology substitution and technology creation," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
  93. Omer Faruk Koru, 2019. "Automation and Top Income Inequality," PIER Working Paper Archive 19-004, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania.
  94. Fang, Yuzhu & Lee, Chi-Chuan & Li, Xinghao, 2025. "Assessing the impact of artificial intelligence on the transition to renewable energy? Analysis of U.S. states under policy uncertainty," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
  95. George Loewenstein & Zachary Wojtowicz, 2023. "The Economics of Attention," CESifo Working Paper Series 10712, CESifo.
  96. Nóbrega, Valter, 2020. "Optimal Taxation and Investment-Specific Technological Change," MPRA Paper 98917, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  97. Dai, Hangrui & Yang, Ronghai & Cao, Rongguang & Yin, Lei, 2024. "Does the application of industrial robots promote export green transformation? Evidence from Chinese manufacturing enterprises," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA).
  98. Alonso, Cristian & Berg, Andrew & Kothari, Siddharth & Papageorgiou, Chris & Rehman, Sidra, 2022. "Will the AI revolution cause a great divergence?," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 18-37.
  99. Minniti, Antonio & Prettner, Klaus & Venturini, Francesco, 2025. "AI innovation and the labor share in European regions," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
  100. Guillermo Arenas Díaz & Andrés Barge-Gil & Joost Heijs & Alberto Marzucchi, 2025. "The effect of external innovation on firm employment," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(1), pages 44-69, January.
  101. Fernández-Macías, Enrique & Klenert, David & Antón, José-Ignacio, 2021. "Not so disruptive yet? Characteristics, distribution and determinants of robots in Europe," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 76-89.
  102. David Marguerit, 2025. "Augmenting or Automating Labor? The Effect of AI Development on New Work, Employment, and Wages," Papers 2503.19159, arXiv.org.
  103. Antonio Francesco Gravina & Neil Foster-McGregor, 2024. "Unraveling wage inequality: tangible and intangible assets, globalization and labor market regulations," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 67(4), pages 1375-1420, October.
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