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Europe's evolving graduate labour markets: supply, demand, underemployment and pay

Author

Listed:
  • Green, Francis

    (UCL Institute of Education, London)

  • Henseke, Golo

    (UCL Institute of Education, London)

Abstract

"For most students the aspiration to gain employment in a graduate job is the main motivation for going to university. Whether they fulfill this aspiration depends considerably on national graduate labour markets. We analyse the comparative evolution of these markets across Europe over the decade leading up to 2015, focusing on supply, graduate/high-skilled jobs, underemployment, wages, the graduate wage premium and the penalty for underemployment. The supply of tertiary graduates increased everywhere and converged, and this upward convergence is forecast to persist. In contrast the growth of graduate jobs was slower, not ubiquitous and nonconvergent. Underemployment was spreading, though at a modest rate; this rise was convergent but not ubiquitous. The rise was most substantial in Slovenia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Italy and Greece. Graduates’ real wages trended predominantly downward, but varied a great deal between countries. The graduate wage premium declined by more than one percentage point in seven countries. Inferences are drawn for the formation of education policy, for the broader discourse on HE, and for research on graduate futures." (Author's abstract, © 2021 Springer) ((en))

Suggested Citation

  • Green, Francis & Henseke, Golo, 2021. "Europe's evolving graduate labour markets: supply, demand, underemployment and pay," Journal for Labour Market Research, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], vol. 55, pages 1-002.
    • Handle: RePEc:iab:iabjlr:v:55:i::p:a002
    DOI: 10.1186/s12651-021-00288-y
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    2. Chien-Liang Chen & Lin-Chuan Chen, 2021. "The Impact of Higher Education Expansion on the Educational Wage Premium in Taiwan: 1985 to 2015," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-12, July.
    3. Ana Santiago Vela, 2021. "Same Degree, Same Opportunities? Educational and Social Background Effects on Overeducation in Germany," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-32, August.
    4. Orlanda Tavares & Cristina Sin & Carla Sá & Francisco Pereira & Alberto Amaral, 2023. "Graduate employment: Does the type of higher education institution matter?," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 75(4), pages 1140-1156, October.
    5. Adnan Velic, 2025. "Factor Substitution Possibilities, Labor Share Dynamics, and Inequality in an Age of Intangibles," Review of Income and Wealth, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, vol. 71(1), February.
    6. Zhao, Yantong & Said, Rusmawati & Ismail, Normaz Wana & Haris, Asmaddy & Hamzah, Hanny Zurina, 2024. "Impact of population ageing on the application of industrial robots: Evidence from China," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 29(C).
    7. Jessica Ordemann & Friedhelm Pfeiffer, 2022. "The evolution of educational wage differentials for women and men in Germany, from 1996 to 2019," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), vol. 56(1), pages 1-12, December.
    8. Wenchao Jin, 2022. "Occupational polarisation and endogenous task-biased technical change," Working Paper Series 0622, Department of Economics, University of Sussex Business School.

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    JEL classification:

    • J20 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - General
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • I23 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - Higher Education; Research Institutions

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