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On PPP, Unit Roots and Panels

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  • Wagner, Martin

    (Department of Economics and Finance, Institute for Advanced Studies, Vienna, Austria)

Abstract

This paper re-assesses the panel (unit root test) evidence for PPP on four monthly data sets. We discuss and illustrate that commonly-used first generation panel unit root tests are inappropriate for PPP analysis since they are constructed for cross-sectionally uncorrelated panels. Given that real exchange rate panel data sets are – almost by construction – highly cross-sectionally correlated, so called second generation panel unit root methods that allow for and model cross-sectional dependence should be applied. Using inappropriate first generation tests, quite strong evidence for PPP is found. However, this evidence vanishes entirely when resorting to an appropriate method (e.g. the one developed in Bai and Ng, 2004a) for nonstationary cross-sectionally correlated panels. We strongly believe that our findings are relevant beyond the data sets investigated here for illustration.

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  • Wagner, Martin, 2005. "On PPP, Unit Roots and Panels," Economics Series 176, Institute for Advanced Studies.
    • Handle: RePEc:ihs:ihsesp:176
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    File URL: https://irihs.ihs.ac.at/id/eprint/1651
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    5. Jorg Breitung & Gianluca Cubadda, 2009. "Testing for cointegration in high-dimensional systems," CEIS Research Paper 148, Tor Vergata University, CEIS, revised 30 Sep 2009.
    6. Trapani, Lorenzo, 2021. "Inferential theory for heterogeneity and cointegration in large panels," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 220(2), pages 474-503.
    7. Herwartz, Helmut & Siedenburg, Florian, 2009. "A new approach to unit root testing," Economics Working Papers 2009-06, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Department of Economics.
    8. Munawar-Shah, Syed & Abdul-Majid, Mariani & Hussain-Shah, Syed, 2014. "Assessing Fiscal Sustainability for SAARC and IMT-GT Countries," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 5(2), pages 26-40.
    9. Smeekes, S., 2011. "Bootstrap sequential tests to determine the stationary units in a panel," Research Memorandum 003, Maastricht University, Maastricht Research School of Economics of Technology and Organization (METEOR).
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    11. García-Solanes, José & Sancho-Portero, F. Israel & Torrejón-Flores, Fernando, 2008. "Beyond the Balassa-Samuelson effect in some new member states of the European Union," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 17-32, March.
    12. Wagner, Martin, 2005. "The Balassa-Samuelson Effect in 'East & West'. Differences and Similarities," Economics Series 180, Institute for Advanced Studies.
    13. Mohsen Bahmani‐Oskooee & Scott W. Hegerty, 2009. "Purchasing Power Parity In Less‐Developed And Transition Economies: A Review Paper," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(4), pages 617-658, September.
    14. Miguel Carvalho & Paulo Júlio, 2012. "Digging out the PPP hypothesis: an integrated empirical coverage," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 42(3), pages 713-744, June.
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    16. Månsson, Kristofer & Sjölander, Pär, 2014. "Testing for nonlinear panel unit roots under cross-sectional dependency — With an application to the PPP hypothesis," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 121-132.
    17. Domingo Rodriguez Benavides & Ignacio Perrotini Hernandez & Jesus Santamaria Gonzalez, 2016. "El principio de paridad del poder de compra en America Latina: un analisis con cambio estructural," EconoQuantum, Revista de Economia y Finanzas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Economico Administrativas, Departamento de Metodos Cuantitativos y Maestria en Economia., vol. 13(1), pages 159-178, Enero-Jun.
    18. Hwa-Taek Lee & Gawon Yoon, 2013. "Does purchasing power parity hold sometimes? Regime switching in real exchange rates," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(16), pages 2279-2294, June.
    19. Helmut Herwartz & Florian Siedenburg, 2010. "A New Approach to Unit Root Testing," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 36(4), pages 365-384, December.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    PPP; Real exchange rate index; Unit root; Panel; Cross-sectional dependence; Factor model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • F30 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - General
    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange

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