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Unconventional Monetary Policies in Small Open Economies

Author

Listed:
  • Kolasa, Marcin

    (International Monetary Fund)

  • Laséen, Stefan

    (Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of Sweden)

  • Lindé, Jesper

    (Sveriges Riksbank and International Monetary Fund)

Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the macroeconomic and fiscal impact of unconventional monetary tools in small open economies. Using a DSGE model, we show that the exchange rate plays a critical role to amplify the favourable impact of unconventional monetary policy while it attenuates the effectiveness of conventional fiscal policy to jointly boost output and inflation. We then use the model as a laboratory to do a case study of the Swedish Riksbank asset purchases and negative policy rates 2015-2019. We find that the Riksbank unconventional policy measures provided meaningful macroeconomic stimulus to economic activity and inflation, with the dual benefit of reducing overall government debt by about 5 percent of GDP. If conventional fiscal policy had been used to provide a commensurate output boost, inflation would have risen notably less, and the fiscal cost would have amounted to a deterioration of the government debt position with nearly 5 percent of GDP.

Suggested Citation

  • Kolasa, Marcin & Laséen, Stefan & Lindé, Jesper, 2025. "Unconventional Monetary Policies in Small Open Economies," Working Paper Series 450, Sveriges Riksbank (Central Bank of Sweden).
    • Handle: RePEc:hhs:rbnkwp:0450
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Monetary Policy; Asset Purchases; Quantitative Easing; Negative Interest Rate Policy; Fiscal Policy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D44 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - Auctions
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • E63 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy

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