Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes
Top JEL
/ O: Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth
/ / O3: Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights
/ / / O31: Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
This JEL code is mentioned in the following RePEc Biblio entries:
2014
- Gustavo Crespi & Elena Arias-Ortiz & Ezequiel Tacsir & Fernando Vargas & Pluvia Zuñiga, 2014, "Innovation for economic performance: the case of Latin American firms," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, volume 4, issue 1, pages 31-50, June, DOI: 10.1007/s40821-014-0001-1.
- Alberto Bucci, 2014, "Population, competition, innovation, and economic growth with and without human capital investment," International Review of Economics, Springer;Happiness Economics and Interpersonal Relations (HEIRS), volume 61, issue 1, pages 61-84, April, DOI: 10.1007/s12232-013-0192-2.
- Jo Ritzen & Klaus Zimmermann, 2014, "A vibrant European labor market with full employment," IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), volume 3, issue 1, pages 1-24, December, DOI: 10.1186/2193-9012-3-10.
- Max Nathan, 2014, "The wider economic impacts of high-skilled migrants: a survey of the literature for receiving countries," IZA Journal of Migration and Development, Springer;Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), volume 3, issue 1, pages 1-20, December, DOI: 10.1186/2193-9039-3-4.
- Mirja Meyborg & Axel Schaffer, 2014, "Regional and global collaborations for knowledge in German academia," Review of Regional Research: Jahrbuch für Regionalwissenschaft, Springer;Gesellschaft für Regionalforschung (GfR), volume 34, issue 2, pages 157-176, October, DOI: 10.1007/s10037-014-0087-z.
- Esubalew Tiruneh, 2014, "Regional Economic Development in Italy: Applying the Creative Class Thesis to a Test," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), volume 5, issue 1, pages 19-36, March, DOI: 10.1007/s13132-012-0126-3.
- Kyriakos Drivas & Claire Economidou & Sotiris Karkalakos, 2014, "Spatial Aspects of Innovation Activity in the US," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), volume 5, issue 3, pages 464-480, September, DOI: 10.1007/s13132-014-0198-3.
- Nathalie Lazaric & Alain Raybaut, 2014, "Do incentive systems spur work motivation of inventors in high tech firms? A group-based perspective," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, volume 24, issue 1, pages 135-157, January, DOI: 10.1007/s00191-013-0336-2.
- Alessandro Caiani & Antoine Godin & Stefano Lucarelli, 2014, "Innovation and finance: a stock flow consistent analysis of great surges of development," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, volume 24, issue 2, pages 421-448, April, DOI: 10.1007/s00191-014-0346-8.
- Tatiana Plotnikova & Bastian Rake, 2014, "Collaboration in pharmaceutical research: exploration of country-level determinants," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, volume 98, issue 2, pages 1173-1202, February, DOI: 10.1007/s11192-013-1182-6.
- Reut Megidish & Aner Sela, 2014, "Sequential contests with synergy and budget constraints," Social Choice and Welfare, Springer;The Society for Social Choice and Welfare, volume 42, issue 1, pages 215-243, January, DOI: 10.1007/s00355-013-0723-5.
- Ella Segev & Aner Sela, 2014, "Sequential all-pay auctions with head starts," Social Choice and Welfare, Springer;The Society for Social Choice and Welfare, volume 43, issue 4, pages 893-923, December, DOI: 10.1007/s00355-014-0816-9.
- Valeria Costantini & Francesco Crespi & Ylenia Curci, 2014, "A keyword selection method for mapping technological knowledge in specific sectors through patent data:the case of biofuels sector," SEEDS Working Papers, SEEDS, Sustainability Environmental Economics and Dynamics Studies, number 1714, Jun, revised Jun 2014.
- Valeria Costantini & Francesco Crespi & Alessandro Palma, 2014, "Policy Inducement Effects in Energy Efficiency Technologies. An Empirical Analysis on the Residential Sector," SEEDS Working Papers, SEEDS, Sustainability Environmental Economics and Dynamics Studies, number 1914, Aug, revised Aug 2014.
- Nicolò Barbieri, 2014, "Investigating the impacts of technological position and European environmental regulation on green automotive patent activity," SEEDS Working Papers, SEEDS, Sustainability Environmental Economics and Dynamics Studies, number 3114, Dec, revised Dec 2014.
- Alex Coad & Maria Savona & Gabriele Pellegrino, 2014, "Don't Stop Me Now: Barriers to innovation and firm productivity," SPRU Working Paper Series, SPRU - Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex Business School, number 2014-04, Apr.
- José García-Quevedo & Gabriele Pellegrino & Maria Savona, 2014, "Reviving demand-pull perspectives: The effect of demand uncertainty and stagnancy on R&D strategy," SPRU Working Paper Series, SPRU - Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex Business School, number 2014-09, May.
- Pierre Bonetto & Bernd Hofmann & Gunnar Prause, 2014, "Rise and fall of the Lyon silk cluster: a case study about entrepreneurial sustainability," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, volume 2, issue 1, pages 1-11, September, DOI: 10.9770/jesi.2014.2(1).
- Alessandra Cuneo & Mario Luigi Ferrari & Alberto Traverso & Aristide Fausto Massardo, 2014, "Sustainable district development: a case of thermoeconomic optimization of an energy hub," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, volume 2, issue 2, pages 74-85, December, DOI: 10.9770/jesi.2014.2.2(3).
- Stefano Barberis & Lorenzo Di Fresco & Vincenzo Alessandro Santamaria & Alberto Traverso, 2014, "Sustainable entrepreneurship via energy saving: energy harvester exploiting seebeck effect in traditional domestic boiler," Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, VsI Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Center, volume 2, issue 2, pages 86-97, December, DOI: 10.9770/jesi.2014.2.2(4).
- Scott French, 2014, "Innovation, Product-Cycle Trade, and the Cross-Country Distribution of Income," Discussion Papers, School of Economics, The University of New South Wales, number 2014-26, May.
- Hanna Hottenrott & Cornelia Lawson, 2014, "Research grants, sources of ideas and the effects on academic research," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 23, issue 2, pages 109-133, March, DOI: 10.1080/10438599.2013.814425.
- Gamal Atallah, 2014, "Conditional R&D subsidies," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 23, issue 2, pages 179-214, March, DOI: 10.1080/10438599.2013.827904.
- Marcelo C. Medeiros & Eduardo Mendes & Les Oxley, 2014, "A Note on Nonlinear Cointegration, Misspecification, and Bimodality," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 33, issue 7, pages 713-731, October, DOI: 10.1080/07474938.2012.690676.
- Jos� Lobo & Charlotta Mellander & Kevin Stolarick & Deborah Strumsky, 2014, "The Inventive, the Educated and the Creative: How Do They Affect Metropolitan Productivity?," Industry and Innovation, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 21, issue 2, pages 155-177, February, DOI: 10.1080/13662716.2014.896602.
- Pilar Beneito & Mar�a Engracia Rochina-Barrachina & Amparo Sanchis, 2014, "Patents, Competition, and Firms' Innovation Incentives," Industry and Innovation, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 21, issue 4, pages 285-309, May, DOI: 10.1080/13662716.2014.934546.
- Neil Lee & Andr�s Rodr�guez-Pose, 2014, "Innovation in Creative Cities: Evidence from British Small Firms," Industry and Innovation, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 21, issue 6, pages 494-512, August, DOI: 10.1080/13662716.2014.983748.
- Priit Vahter & James H. Love & Stephen Roper, 2014, "Openness and Innovation Performance: Are Small Firms Different?," Industry and Innovation, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 21, issue 7-8, pages 553-573, November, DOI: 10.1080/13662716.2015.1012825.
- Yuri Simachev & Mikhail Kuzyk & Vera Feygina, 2014, "The nature of innovation channels at the micro level: evidence from Russian manufacturing firms," Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 12, issue 2, pages 103-123, May, DOI: 10.1080/14765284.2014.900942.
- Raffaele Paci & Emanuela Marrocu & Stefano Usai, 2014, "The Complementary Effects of Proximity Dimensions on Knowledge Spillovers," Spatial Economic Analysis, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 9, issue 1, pages 9-30, March, DOI: 10.1080/17421772.2013.856518.
- Avichai Snir & Daniel Levy, 2014, "Economic Growth in the Potterian Economy," Working Papers, International School of Economics at TSU, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia, number 001-14.
- Wei-Bin Zhang, 2014, "Growth and inequality examined by integrating the Walrasian general equilibrium and neoclassical growth theories," International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research (IJBESAR), Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Kavala Campus, Greece, volume 7, issue 1, pages 7-32, April.
- Thanapol Srithanpong, 2014, "Innovation, R&D and Productivity: Evidence from Thai Manufacturing," International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research (IJBESAR), Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Kavala Campus, Greece, volume 7, issue 3, pages 103-132, December.
- Jolanda Hessels & Udo Brixy & Wim Naudé & Thomas Gries, 2014, "Skill Variety, Innovation and New Business Formation," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 14-011/VII, Jan.
- Frank A.G. den Butter & Jelle Joustra, 2014, "The Industrial Organisation of the Dance Industry in the Netherlands: a Transaction Cost Perspective on Hybrid Forms of Organisation," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 14-095/VI, Jul.
- Grega Smrkolj & Florian Wagener, 2014, "Research among Copycats: R&D, Spillovers, and Feedback Strategies," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Tinbergen Institute, number 14-112/II, Aug, revised 22 Jun 2017.
- Xiaolan Fu & Jizhen Li & Hongru Xiong & Henry Chesbrough, 2014, "Open Innovation as a Response to Constraints and Risks: Evidence from China," Asian Economic Papers, MIT Press, volume 13, issue 3, pages 30-58, Fall.
- Rachel Griffith & Gareth Macartney, 2014, "Employment Protection Legislation, Multinational Firms, and Innovation," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, volume 96, issue 1, pages 135-150, March.
- Kira R. Fabrizio & Ulya Tsolmon, 2014, "An Empirical Examination of the Procyclicality of R&D Investment and Innovation," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, volume 96, issue 4, pages 662-675, October.
- Yasusada Murata & Ryo Nakajima & Ryosuke Okamoto & Ryuichi Tamura, 2014, "Localized Knowledge Spillovers and Patent Citations: A Distance-Based Approach," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, volume 96, issue 5, pages 967-985, December.
- Gray, Elie & Grimaud, André, 2014, "The Lindahl equilibrium in Schumpeterian growth models: Knowledge diffusion, social value of innovations and optimal R&D incentives," TSE Working Papers, Toulouse School of Economics (TSE), number 14-469, Jan.
2013
- Hashi, Iraj & Stojcic, Nebojsa, 2013, "Determinants of the choice between different innovation regimes amongst firms in the enlarged European Union," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 108760, May, revised May 2013.
- Selim, Tarek & Shoman, Menna, 2013, "A Value Proposition for Egypt Beyond Revolution: Competitiveness Analysis with Policy Recommendations," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 119495.
- Furukawa, Yuichi & Takarada, Yasuhiro, 2013, "Technological change and international interaction in environmental policies," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 44047, Jan.
- Morero, Hernan Alejandro, 2013, "Internacionalizacion y Sistema Nacional de Innovacion argentino: una perspectiva de tramas productivas. Los casos automotriz y siderurgico
[Internationlization and argentinean National System of Innovation: a production network perspective. The au," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 44409, Feb. - Doran, Justin & Jordan, Declan & O'Leary, Eoin, 2013, "Effects of R&D spending on Innovation by Irish and Foreign-owned Businesses," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 44579.
- Aslamazishvili, Nana, 2013, "How innovative is Georgian economy?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 44622, Jan, revised Feb 2013.
- Chen, Hung-Ju, 2013, "Intellectual Property Rights and Skills Accumulation: A North-South Model of FDI and Outsourcing," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 45035, Mar.
- Kotsemir, Maxim & Abroskin, Alexander, 2013, "Innovation Concepts and Typology – An Evolutionary Discussion," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 45069, Feb.
- Masino, Serena, 2013, "Macro-Institutional Instability and the Incentive to Innovate," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 45178, Mar.
- Masino, Serena, 2013, "Macro-Institutional Instability and the Incentive to Innovate," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 45938, Mar.
- Bell, William Paul & Wild, Phillip & Foster, John, 2013, "The transformative effect of unscheduled generation by solar PV and wind generation on net electricity demand," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 46065, Apr.
- Mhenni, Hatem & Ben Youssef, Adel & Elaheebocus, N & Ragni, Ludovic, 2013, "Are Technoparks High Tech Fantasies? Lessons from the Tunisian Experience," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 46183, Jan, revised Mar 2013.
- Kotsemir, Maxim & Meissner, Dirk, 2013, "Conceptualizing the Innovation Process – Trends and Outlook," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 46504, Apr.
- Schilirò, Daniele, 2013, "Diversification and development of the UAE’s economy," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 47089, May.
- Doran, Justin & O'Leary, Eoin, 2013, "The Roles of R&D and networking for innovation by Irish and foreign-owned firms: evidence from the Irish CIS 2006-08," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 47291, Apr.
- Cassi, Lorenzo & Plunket, Anne, 2013, "Proximity, network formation and inventive performance: in search of the proximity paradox," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 47388, Jan.
- Nunes, Sérgio & Lopes, Raul, 2013, "Economic crisis and the firms´ innovation process," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 47715, May.
- Furukawa, Yuichi, 2013, "The Struggle to Survive in the R&D Sector: Implications for Innovation and Growth," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 47728, May.
- Brancati, Emanuele, 2013, "Innovation activity and nancing constraints: evidence from Italy during the crises," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 47750, Jan.
- Meena, M.S. & Singh, K.M. & Swanson, B.E., 2013, "Pluralistic Agricultural Extension System in India: Innovations and Constraints," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 48324, Jul, revised 14 Jul 2013.
- Lee, Neil & Rodríguez-Pose, Andrés, 2013, "Creativity, cities and innovation," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 48758, Jul.
- He, Qichun, 2013, "Creative Destruction with Credit Inflation," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 48766, Jul.
- Singh, K.M. & Swanson, B.E. & Meena, M.S., 2013, "Reforming India’s Pluralistic Extension System: Some Policy Issues," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 48916, Aug, revised 07 Aug 2013.
- Meena, M.S. & Singh, K.M., 2013, "Changing behaviour of self help group members: Pathway for sustainable rural livelihoods in Eastern India," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 48954, May, revised 05 Aug 2013.
- Suen, Richard M.H., 2013, "Research Policy and U.S. Economic Growth," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 49103, Jul.
- Waters, James, 2013, "The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, industrial innovation, and real option creation," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 49173, Aug.
- Meena, M.S. & Singh, K.M., 2013, "Conservation Agriculture: Innovations, Constraints and Strategies for Adoption," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 49380, Aug, revised 30 Aug 2013.
- Singh, K.M. & Meena, M.S., 2013, "Economics of Conservation Agriculture: An Overview," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 49381, Aug, revised 30 Aug 2013.
- El Joueidi, Sarah, 2013, "A taxonomy of manufacturing and service firms in Luxembourg according to technological skills," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 49532, Sep.
- Meena, M.S. & Singh, K.M., 2013, "Impact of self help groups on attitudes of members," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 49685, Apr, revised 23 May 2013.
- Lin, Hwan C., 2013, "Optimal Patent Life in a Variety-Expansion Growth Model," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 49790, Aug.
- Simachev, Yuri & Kuzyk, Mikhail & Feygina, Vera, 2013, "The Nature of Innovation Channels at the Micro-Level: Evidence from Russian Manufacturing Firms," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 49894, Jul.
- Situngkir, Hokky, 2013, "Indonesian Innovations on Information Technology 2013: Between Syntactic and Semantic Textual Network," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 49900, Sep.
- Filippova, Irina & Unknown, Unknown, 2013, "Кластерные Стратегии И Кластерные Инициативы: Перспективы И Факторы Эффективной Кластеризации
[Cluster strategy and cluster initiatives: prospects and factors of effective clustering]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 49949, Jul. - Brancati, Emanuele, 2013, "Innovation, financial constraints and relationship lending: evidence from Italy during the recent crises," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 50329, Oct.
- Sammut-Bonnici, Tanya & Paroutis, Sotirios, 2013, "Developing a Dominant Logic of Strategic Innovation," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 50577, Mar.
- Andrzej, Klimczuk, 2013, "The Role of Medialabs in Regional Cultural and Innovative Policy," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 50705.
- Prud'homme, Dan, 2013, "Measuring, Explaining and Addressing Patent Quality Issues in China," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 51714, Mar.
- Filippova, Irina & Mindlin, Yuri, 2013, "Кластерные Стратегии И Кластерные Инициативы: Перспективы И Факторы Эффективной Кластеризации
[Cluster strategy and cluster initiatives: prospects and factors of effective clustering]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 52765, Jul. - Najda-Janoszka, Marta, 2013, "Innovative Activity of Small Tourist Enterprises – Cooperation with Local Institutional Partners," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 52991, Sep.
- Radwan, Lukas & Kinder, Sebastian & Dispan, Jürgen, 2013, "Opportunity structures for co-determination in innovations: The case of the Stuttgart area," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 53252, Feb, revised 2013.
- Afandi, Elvin & Kermani, Majid, 2013, "What Determines Firms’ Innovation in Eastern Europe and Central Asia," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 53255, Feb.
- Prud'homme, Dan, 2013, "China's Indigenous IP Policies -- Here to Stay?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 53416, Aug.
- Krammer, Sorin, 2013, "Assessing the relative importance of multiple channels for embodied and disembodied technological spillovers," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 53676, May.
- Najda-Janoszka, Marta & Kopera, Sebastian, 2013, "Exploring Barriers to Innovation in Tourism Industry – The Case of Southern Region of Poland," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 53980.
- Belloc, Filippo, 2013, "Innovation in State-owned Enterprises: Reconsidering the Conventional Wisdom," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 54748, Nov, revised 01 Mar 2014.
- Huo, Dong & Motohashi, Kazuyuki, 2013, "When Category-based Indices Encounter Non-independent Categories: Solving the Taxonomy Issue in Resource-based Empirical Studies," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 56186, Nov.
- Nguyen, Anh & Nguyen, Mai & Doan, Hung, 2013, "The Viet Nam National Innovation System: A Diagnostic Review," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 58712, May.
- Parwez, Sazzad, 2013, "Underdeveloped Supply Chain dynamics of Indian Agriculture: Reference to Information Technology and Knowledge Management," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 60442, Nov, revised 23 Feb 2014.
- Evrin, Alperen, 2013, "International Specialization in Research & Development," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 62392, Dec.
- Kwasnicki, Witold, 2013, "Innowacje społeczne – nowy paradygmat czy kolejny etap w rozwoju kreatywności człowieka?
[Social Innovation – a new paradigm or the next stage of the development of human creativity?]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 62419, revised 2014. - Hinloopen, Jeroen & Smrkolj, Grega & Wagener, Florian, 2013, "In Defense of Trusts: R&D Cooperation in Global Perspective," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 63551, Mar, revised 09 Apr 2015.
- Todeva, Emanuela, 2013, "Governance of Innovation and Intermediation in Triple Helix Interactions," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 67612, Aug.
- Prokop, Jacek & Karbowski, Adam, 2013, "Współpraca badawczo-rozwojowa przedsiębiorstw a kartelizacja gałęzi
[R&D cooperation of firms and the cartelization of industry]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 73616, Sep. - Wanzenböck, Iris & Scherngell, Thomas & Fischer, Manfred M., 2013, "How do firm characteristics affect behavioural additionalities of public R&D subsidies? Evidence for the Austrian transport sector," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 77552.
- Demir, Caner & Yurteri, Begüm & Türkcan, Burcu, 2013, "Yeniliklerin Dış Ticarete Etkileri Üzerine Mekansal Ekonometrik Bir Analiz: 2002-2009 Türkiye Örneği
[A Spatial Econometric Analysis on the Effects of Innovations on Foreign Trade: 2002-2009 Turkey Case]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 77615, Jun. - Schilirò, Daniele, 2013, "Diversification and development of the UAE’s economy," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 84584, May, revised Jun 2013.
- Tomáš Pavelka, 2013, "The Innovation Performance of the Czech Republic and a Comparison with Other European Union Member States
[Inovační výkonnost České republiky a její srovnání s ostatními státy Evropské unie]," Acta Oeconomica Pragensia, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2013, issue 3, pages 3-13, DOI: 10.18267/j.aop.401. - Martin Lukeš, 2013, "Entrepreneurs as Innovators: A Multi-Country Study on Entrepreneurs' Innovative Behaviour," Prague Economic Papers, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2013, issue 1, pages 72-84, DOI: 10.18267/j.pep.441.
- Neel U. Sukhatme & Judd N. L. Cramer, 2013, "Optimal Patent Term and Cross-Industry Measures of Patent Term Sensitivity," Working Papers, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Industrial Relations Section., number 1484, Jul.
- Ma³gorzata WALCZAK & Zdzis³aw PÓLKOWSKI, 2013, "The E-Health Systems In Poland," Scientific Bulletin - Economic Sciences, University of Pitesti, volume 12, issue 2, pages 54-66.
- Simone Strambach, 2013, "Micro-dynamics of knowledge: actors, processes and territorial organization," Working Papers on Innovation and Space, Philipps University Marburg, Department of Geography, number 2013-01, Feb.
- Christoph Alfken & Tom Broekel & Rolf Sternberg, 2013, "Factors explaining the spatial agglomeration of the Creative Class. Empirical evidence for German artists," Working Papers on Innovation and Space, Philipps University Marburg, Department of Geography, number 2013-02, Feb.
- Thomas Brenner & Charlotte Schlump, 2013, "Universities, Public Research and Regional Innovation Output: An Empirical Study of 19 Technologies in Germany," Working Papers on Innovation and Space, Philipps University Marburg, Department of Geography, number 2013-03, Feb.
- Tom Broekel & Nicky Rogge & Thomas Brenner, 2013, "The innovation efficiency of German regions - a shared-input DEA approach," Working Papers on Innovation and Space, Philipps University Marburg, Department of Geography, number 2013-08, 05.
- Friedrich Dornbusch & Thomas Brenner, 2013, "Universities as local knowledge hubs under different technology regimes – New evidence from academic patenting," Working Papers on Innovation and Space, Philipps University Marburg, Department of Geography, number 2013-10, Oct.
- Friedrich Dornbusch & Sidonia von Proff & Thomas Brenner, 2013, "The organizational and regional determinants of inter-regional collaborations – Academic inventors as bridging agents," Working Papers on Innovation and Space, Philipps University Marburg, Department of Geography, number 2013-11, Sep.
- Michael Kremer & Christopher M. Snyder, 2013, "When Is Prevention More Profitable than Cure? The Impact of Time-Varying Consumer Heterogeneity," Working Paper, Harvard University OpenScholar, number 70726, Jan.
- Maurizio Avola & Alberto Gherardini & Rosanna Nisticò, 2013, "Catania’s Electronic Production System," QA - Rivista dell'Associazione Rossi-Doria, Associazione Rossi Doria, issue 1, March.
- Yuzhe Zhang & Matthew Mitchell, 2013, "Shared Rights and Technological Progress," 2013 Meeting Papers, Society for Economic Dynamics, number 678.
- Edwin Lai, 2013, "Cumulative Innovation, Growth and Welfare-Improving Patent Policy," 2013 Meeting Papers, Society for Economic Dynamics, number 854.
- Franziska Weiss & Timo Boppart, 2013, "Non-homothetic preferences and industry directed technical change," 2013 Meeting Papers, Society for Economic Dynamics, number 916.
- Berenice Guevara Delgado & Yordanis Garcia Leiva, 2013, "conocimiento juridico. Una propuesta tecnologica para su gestion," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 1, pages 1-12, March, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7066185.
- Montserrat Diaz-Mendez & Michael Saren, 2013, "On business ethics: values hierarchy and the role of research," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 1, pages 1-6, April.
- Sara Artiles Visbal & Yarine Marquez Perez, 2013, "Modelo de Gestion de Informacion y Conocimiento: resultados de su aplicacion en una empresa en perfeccionamiento," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 1, pages 13-23, March, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7066191.
- Zsofia Braxmair & Erzsebet Hetesi, 2013, "Completing studies or leaving University: modelling the determinants of student departure," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 1, pages 21-31, April.
- Yusnier Matos Arias & Nemury Silega Martinez, 2013, "Estilo arquitectonico para el sistema integrado de gestion Cedrux," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 1, pages 24-36, March, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7066195.
- Veronica Nobre de Oliveira & Antonio Chamorro-Mera & Paulo Filipe de Almeida Cravo Lourenco, 2013, "The importance of the environment in the selection of sun and sea holiday destinations and its relationship with the environmental commitment: the case of Portuguese and Spanish tourists," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 1, pages 33-43, April.
- Yosveni Escalona Escalona & Alejandro Romero Vega & Sergio A. Marrero Osorio & Rafael Rodriguez Puente, 2013, "Sistema para la solucion de problemas de computo basado en el Metodo de los Grafos Dicromaticos," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 1, pages 37-46, March, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7066199.
- Cristian Bologa & Maria P. Garcia & Gheorghe Faur & Paul Bresfelean, 2013, "Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) cubes. A case study in Labour Inspectorate of Alba County (Romania)," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 1, pages 53-59, April.
- George Zheliazkov & Jose Luis Vazquez & Desislava Ivanova & Ivan Georgiev, 2013, "A strategy for alternative tourism development in the framework of cross-border cooperation between Bulgaria and Greece," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 1, pages 61-65, April.
- Jesus Garcia-Gonzalez, 2013, "Corporate responsibility from the demand view," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 1, pages 67-68, April.
- Maria Mercedes Galan-Ladero & Clementina Galera-Casquet, 2013, "Does the donation size influence on attitudes toward cause-related marketing?," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 1, pages 7-19, April.
- Maite Nunez Hernandez & Sara M. Artiles Visbal, 2013, "Propuesta de pautas para la Identificacion del Conocimiento en el Perfeccionamiento Empresarial," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 2, pages 1-18, May, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7080499.
- Arvydas Guogis, 2013, "What kind of new branding in Administration is necessary to apply in European public and non-profit sectors? A particular reference to Eastern European countries," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 2, pages 1-6, August.
- Andrei Tiganas, 2013, "Fostering public attendance within territorial marketing aiming image strategy improvement in the Romanian city of Cluj-Napoca," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 2, pages 17-32, August.
- Karela Gonzalez & Jose G. Sanchez Morles & Norma M. Caira Tovar, 2013, "Herramientas Informativas para la Vigilancia Tecnologica en Disenos Curriculares de Universidades Publicas," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 2, pages 19-31, May, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7080503.
- Sara M. Artiles Visbal & Maibelys Pumar Hernandez, 2013, "Gestion del Conocimiento: Elementos para Mejorar el Proceso de Identificacion en las Organizaciones," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 2, pages 32-52, May, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7080507.
- Miguel Trias-Vilar & Maria Antonia Garcia-Sastre, 2013, "Corporate social responsibility: a study of premium luxury hotels on the Balearic Islands," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 2, pages 33-44, August.
- Olena Slozko & Valeriia Kovach, 2013, "Enterprises ecologization as a priority development of management processes on the modern age of economical development," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 2, pages 45-51, August.
- Joanna Hernik, 2013, "Logo as a visiting card of a theatre. A case study of Polish theatres," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 2, pages 53-60, August.
- Dinaidys Gomez Selemeneva & Blanca Blanco Camping & Juan R. Conde Camilo, 2013, "Sistema de Control Interno para el Perfeccionamiento de la Gestion Empresarial en Cuba," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 2, pages 53-65, May, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7080513.
- Cristian Bologa & Jose Luis Vazquez & Gheorghe Faur & Paul Bresfelean & Nicolae Ghisoiu, 2013, "On a model of enterprise architecture for public institutions in Romania," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 2, pages 61-67, August.
- George Zheliazkov & Desislava Ivanova & Ivan Georgiev, 2013, "On the planning of the socio-economic development of the Municipality of Tvarditsa (Bulgaria)," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 2, pages 69-74, August.
- Paula Odete Fernandes & Ana Paula Monte & Sandra Cristina Afonso, 2013, "Corporate social responsibility for the PSI 20 Portuguese companies," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 2, pages 7-15, August.
- Jaco van Tonder & Frikkie J. Herbst & Marlize Terblanche-Smit, 2013, "Evaluating alternatives to support social marketing: a framework for alcohol control policy development," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 3, pages 1-14, December.
- Maria Jesus Barroso-Mendez & Clementina Galera-Casquet & Victor Valero-Amaro & Maria Mercedes Galan-Ladero, 2013, "Private-nonprofit partnership in the context of CSR: the importance of relationship learning," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 3, pages 15-26, December.
- Istvan Piskoti & Katalin Nagy, 2013, "Social marketing interventions for downtown problems," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 3, pages 27-40, December.
- Lenka Stefcekova & Anna Vanova, 2013, "Comparison of perceived and projected image of Slovakia as a starting point for a country image building strategy," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 3, pages 41-50, December.
- Lucica Matei & Cristina Sandu, 2013, "Social enterprise: towards a marketing approach," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 3, pages 51-57, December.
- Mirna Leko Simic & Suzana Cepl, 2013, "Paliative care: a market niche for nonprofit organizations in Croatia," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 3, pages 59-66, December.
- Kathy Murillo-Acuna & Javier Oubina-Barbolla, 2013, "Brand equity for nonprofit organizations: antecedents and consequences for NGOs," Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), Revista Internacional de Gestión del Conocimiento y la Tecnología (GECONTEC), volume 1, issue 3, pages 67-74, December.
- Koski, Heli, 2013, "ICT outsourcing, user-driven and open innovation strategies in the generation of new data-based solution," ETLA Working Papers, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, number 7, Mar.
- Guillem ACHERMANN, 2013, "Le système territorial d’innovation THE TERRITORIAL INNOVATION SYSTEM," Working Papers, Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO / Research Unit on Industry and Innovation, number 261, Feb.
- Christopher HERBEZ, 2013, "Stratégie d’implantation de Disneyland dans le monde. Innovation d’adaptation aux cultures nationales et régionale DISNEYLAND’S WORLDWIDE IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY. INNOVATION OF ADAPTATION TO REGIONAL AND NATIONAL CONTEXT," Working Papers, Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO / Research Unit on Industry and Innovation, number 262, Feb.
- Serge CAPOT & Didier PERUS, 2013, "Les enjeux de la propriété industrielle appliques aux semences végétales The Challenges of Intellectual Property in Plant Seeds," Working Papers, Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO / Research Unit on Industry and Innovation, number 269, Jun.
- Hammady Ahmed DINE RABEH, 2013, "Firm Resources’ Entanglement Determines ITS Absorptive Capacity: A Review Towards A New Reconceptualization," Working Papers, Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO / Research Unit on Industry and Innovation, number 270, Jun.
- Maria Lorek, 2013, "Innovations environnementales et transition des territoires industriels et portuaires : le cas de Gdansk, Pologne Environmental Innovation and the Economic Transition of the Industrial and port areas: The case of Gdnsk, Poland," Working Papers, Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO / Research Unit on Industry and Innovation, number 273, Oct.
- Stéphane GORIA, 2013, "La veille créative, une veille orientée innovation
[Reative Watch, An Information Watch Oriented Towards Innovation]," Working Papers, Réseau de Recherche sur l’Innovation. / Research Network on Innovation, number 34. - Terry Gregory & Roberto Patuelli, 2013, "Demographic Ageing and the Polarization of Regions - An Exploratory Space-Time Analysis," Working Paper series, Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis, number 51_13, Aug, revised Feb 2015.
- Ganeshan Wignaraja, 2013, "Understanding Innovation in Production Networks in East Asia," ADBI Working Papers, Asian Development Bank Institute, number 410, Mar.
- Ganeshan Wignaraja, 2013, "Regional Trade Agreements and Enterprises in Southeast Asia," ADBI Working Papers, Asian Development Bank Institute, number 442, Oct.
- Jeong Yeon Lee & Doyeon Kim, 2013, "Different Models for Regional Integration: Lessons from Total Factor Productivity in Europe," ADBI Working Papers, Asian Development Bank Institute, number 452, Dec.
- Faqin Lin & Hsiao Chink Tang, 2013, "Exporting and Innovation: Theory and Firm-Level Evidence from the People's Republic of China," Working Papers on Regional Economic Integration, Asian Development Bank, number 111, Apr.
- Maria Kaneva, 2013, "Econometric persistence in innovation and analysis of the patent activity of Russian companies," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), volume 32, issue 4, pages 93-109.
- Hugo Pinto, 2013, "Knowledge Transfer and the ‘Academic Enterprise’ in the Algarve: Contributions from Social Studies of Science and Technology to the Understanding of University-Firm Relations," Spatial and Organizational Dynamics Discussion Papers, CIEO-Research Centre for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics, University of Algarve, number 2013-5, Nov.
- Silvia Fernandes, 2013, "Aligning Technology with Business: A Continuous Effort," Spatial and Organizational Dynamics Discussion Papers, CIEO-Research Centre for Spatial and Organizational Dynamics, University of Algarve, number 2013-6, Nov.
- Georg Wamser & Chang Woon Nam & Alina Schoenberg, 2013, "The Lisbon Agenda and Innovation-oriented Cohesion Policy: A New Challenge for Economic Integration among the EU Regions," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, volume 28, pages 37-58.
- António Gonçalves & Marielba Zacarias & Pedro Sousa, 2013, "How to Model People Work Practices from Ontological Transactions," Journal of Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, CinTurs - Research Centre for Tourism, Sustainability and Well-being, University of Algarve, volume 1, issue 1, pages 46-65.
- Paul Villarroel & Werner Hernani-Limarino, 2013, "La evolución de la pobreza en Bolivia: un enfoque multidimensional," Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Economico, Carrera de Economía de la Universidad Católica Boliviana (UCB), issue 20, pages 7-75.
- Cristina LEOVARIDIS, 2013, "Aspects Of Innovation Within Romanian Enterprises, Compared To Other European Countries," Annals of Spiru Haret University, Economic Series, Universitatea Spiru Haret, volume 4, issue 1, pages 23-34.
- Albert N. Link & John T. Scott, 2013, "Public R&D Subsidies, Outside Private Support, and Employment Growth," UNCG Economics Working Papers, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics, number 13-1, Feb.
- Samantha R. Bradley & Christopher S. Hayter & Albert N. Link, 2013, "Proof of Concept Centers in the United States: An Exploratory Look," UNCG Economics Working Papers, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics, number 13-4, Mar.
- Michael J. Hall & Stephen K. Layson & Albert N. Link, 2013, "The Division of Policy Research and Analysis at the National Science Foundation: Its Support of Research on the Returns to R&D," UNCG Economics Working Papers, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics, number 13-6, Apr.
- Albert N. Link & John T. Scott, 2013, "Bending the Arc of Innovation: Public Support of R&D in Small, Entrepreneurial Firms," UNCG Economics Working Papers, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics, number 13-8, May.
- Samantha R. Bradley & Dora Gicheva & Lydia Hassell & Albert N. Link, 2013, "Gender Differences in Access to Private Investment Funding to Support the Development of New Technologies," UNCG Economics Working Papers, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics, number 13-9, May.
- Samantha R. Bradley & Christopher S. Hayter & Albert N. Link, 2013, "Models and Methods of University Technology Transfer," UNCG Economics Working Papers, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics, number 13-10, Jun.
- Samantha R. Bradley & Dora Gicheva & Lydia Hassell & Albert N. Link, 2013, "Private Investment to Support New Technologies: Quantifying Gender Differences," UNCG Economics Working Papers, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics, number 13-11, Jul.
- Albert N. Link & Cristiano Antonelli, 2013, "Building the Economics of Knowledge: A Roadmap," UNCG Economics Working Papers, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics, number 13-21, Nov.
- Dennis P. Leyden & Albert N. Link & Donald S. Siegel, 2013, "A Theoretical Analysis of the Role of Social Networks in Entrepreneurship," UNCG Economics Working Papers, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics, number 13-22, Dec.
- Martin Fiedler, 2013, "Critical Considerations towards Contactless Payment Processes in the Retail Industry," Journal of Interdisciplinary Economic Research, Allensbach Hochschule, issue 1, pages 56-60.
- Benjamin von Block-Schlesier, 2013, "Supervision, Controll and Reglementation of Multinational Enterprises in a Globalised World," Journal of Interdisciplinary Economic Research, Allensbach Hochschule, issue 1, pages 65-71.
- Paul Zarembka (ed.), 2013, "Contradictions: Finance, Greed, And Labor Unequally Paid," RESEARCH IN POLITICAL ECONOMY, Paul Zarembka, number volm28a, ISBN: ARRAY(0x833dd388).
- Robert Ågren & Max Rolfstam, 2013, "A Conjecture on Institutional Rationalities and Property Rights in Public Procurement of Innovation," Rivista di Politica Economica, SIPI Spa, issue 2, pages 137-157, April-Jun.
- Aleksandrs Cepilovs, 2013, "Public Procurement for Innovation in Small States. The Case of Latvia," Rivista di Politica Economica, SIPI Spa, issue 2, pages 99-136, April-Jun.
- Pier Francesco Asso & Vito Pipitone, 2013, "Ostacoli e determinanti dell’innovazione: un’analisi sulle imprese siciliane di successo," Rivista di Politica Economica, SIPI Spa, issue 3, pages 157-193, July-Sept.
- Oliviero A. Carboni, 2013, "Investment in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT): The Role of Geographic Distance and Industry Proximity," The Review of Regional Studies, Southern Regional Science Association, volume 43, issue 2,3, pages 191-212, Winter.
- David B. Audretsch & Dennis P. Leyden & Albert N. Link, 2013, "Regional Appropriation of University-Based Knowledge and Technology for Economic Development," Economic Development Quarterly, , volume 27, issue 1, pages 56-61, February, DOI: 10.1177/0891242412472536.
- Dumnaya Natalia & Yudanov A.Yu. & Kolodnyaya G.V., 2013, "Russia: knowledge intensive entrepreneurship under conditions of superior foreign competition in a liberal transition/market economy," Мир новой экономики, CyberLeninka;Федеральное государственное образовательное бюджетное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации» (Финансовый университет), issue 1, pages 76-86.
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