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Endogenous Market Structures and Innovation by Leaders: An Empirical Test

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  • Dirk Czarnitzki
  • Federico Etro
  • Kornelius Kraft

Abstract

Simple models of competition for the market with endogenous entry show that, contrary to the Arrow view, an endogenous entry threat in a market induces the average firm to invest less in R&D and the incumbent leader to invest more. We test these predictions based on a unique dataset and survey for the German manufacturing sector (the Mannheim Innovation Panel). In line with our predictions, endogenous entry threats as perceived by the firms reduce R&D intensity for the average firm, but they increase it for an incumbent leader. These results hold after a number of robustness tests with instrumental variable regressions.
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  • Dirk Czarnitzki & Federico Etro & Kornelius Kraft, 2014. "Endogenous Market Structures and Innovation by Leaders: An Empirical Test," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 81(321), pages 117-139, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:econom:v:81:y:2014:i:321:p:117-139
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    Cited by:

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    4. Shastitko. Andrey (Шаститко, Андрей) & Komkova, Anastasia Andreevna (Комкова, Анастасия Андреевна) & Kurdin, Alexander (Курдин, Александр) & Shastitko, Anastasia (Шаститко, Анастасия), 2016. "Competition Policy and Incentives for Innovation [Конкурентная Политика И Стимулы К Инновационной Деятельности]," Working Papers 1447, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration.
    5. Etro, Federico, 2019. "Mergers of complements and entry in innovative industries," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 302-326.
    6. Etro, Federico, 2011. "Endogenous market structures and contract theory: Delegation, principal-agent contracts, screening, franchising and tying," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 55(4), pages 463-479, May.
    7. Diekhof, Josefine & Cantner, Uwe, 2017. "Incumbents' responses to innovative entrants: A multi-country dynamic analysis," ZEW Discussion Papers 17-052, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    8. Michael Peneder & Martin Woerter, 2014. "Competition, R&D and innovation: testing the inverted-U in a simultaneous system," Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 653-687, July.
    9. Li Fang & Zhang Sheng, 2021. "Policy orientation, knowledge dynamic ability and green innovation: A mediation model based on China provincial panel data," Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci/Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Economics and Business, vol. 39(1), pages 9-37.
    10. Kiedaisch, Christian, 2015. "Intellectual property rights in a quality-ladder model with persistent leadership," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 194-213.
    11. Grieben, Wolf-Heimo & Şener, Fuat, 2017. "Wage bargaining, trade and growth," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(3), pages 564-587.
    12. Keisuke Hattori & Takeshi Yoshikawa, 2016. "Free entry and social inefficiency under co-opetition," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 118(2), pages 97-119, June.
    13. Jiawen Chen & Linlin Liu, 2018. "Profiting from Green Innovation: The Moderating Effect of Competitive Strategy," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-23, December.
    14. Federico Etro, 2014. "Some thoughts on the Sutton approach," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 112(2), pages 99-113, June.
    15. Aschhoff, B. & Crass, D. & Doherr, T. & Hud, M. & Hünermund, P. & Iferd, Y. & Köhler, C. & Peters, B. & Rammer, C. & Schubert, T. & Schwiebacher, F., 2014. "Dokumentation zur Innovationserhebung 2013," ZEW Dokumentationen 14-01, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    16. Zhou, Junbi & Wang, Mingyue, 2023. "The role of government-industry-academia partnership in business incubation: Evidence from new R&D institutions in China," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    17. Etro, Federico, 2019. "Monopolistic competition for the market with heterogeneous firms," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 9-12.
    18. Tobias Stucki & Martin Woerter, 2019. "Competitive Pressure and Diversification into Green R&D," Review of Industrial Organization, Springer;The Industrial Organization Society, vol. 55(2), pages 301-325, September.
    19. Doina Caragea & Theodor Cojoianu & Mihai Dobri & Andreas Hoepner & Oana Peia & Davide Romelli, 2024. "Competition and Innovation in the Financial Sector: Evidence from the Rise of FinTech Start-ups," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 65(1), pages 103-140, February.
    20. Hyungna Oh & Jong Ho Hong, 2014. "Citizens' Distrust in Government and Project Implementation in the Public Sector," Korean Economic Review, Korean Economic Association, vol. 30, pages 25-40.
    21. Greco, Marco & Grimaldi, Michele & Cricelli, Livio, 2016. "An analysis of the open innovation effect on firm performance," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 501-516.
    22. Uwe Cantner & Josefine Diekhof, 2017. "Incumbents' Asymmetric Responses to Environmentally Friendly Entrants in the Automotive Industry," Jena Economics Research Papers 2017-004, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, revised 13 Jul 2017.
    23. Balsmeier, Benjamin & Delanote, Julie, 2015. "Employment growth heterogeneity under varying intellectual property rights regimes in European transition economies: Young vs. mature innovators," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(4), pages 1069-1084.
    24. Ennasri, Ahmed & Willinger, Marc, 2014. "Incentives and managerial effort under competitive pressure: An experiment," Research in Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(4), pages 324-337.
    25. Karsten Wasiluk, 2014. "Imitation Induced Innovation in General Equilibrium," Working Paper Series of the Department of Economics, University of Konstanz 2014-12, Department of Economics, University of Konstanz.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • O32 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D

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