Research classified by Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) codes

2016

• Kavonius, Ilja Kristian & Wieland, Elisabeth, 2016, "Estimating gross value added volumes and prices by institutional sector," Statistics Paper Series, European Central Bank, number 14, Jul.
• Ismail Tijjani Idris & Sabri Nayan, 2016, "The Moderating Role of Loan Monitoring on the Relationship between Macroeconomic Variables and Non-performing Loans in Association of Southeast Asian Nations Countries," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, volume 6, issue 2, pages 402-408.
• Villarreal, Francisco G. & Garry, Stefanie, 2016, "El uso de indicadores clave para evaluar el desempeño económico a largo plazo de América Latina," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), April.
• Villarreal, Francisco G. & Garry, Stefanie, 2016, "The use of key indicators to assess Latin America’s long-term economic performance," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), April.
• Kilama, Eric Gabin, 2016, "The influence of China and emerging donors aid allocation: A recipient perspective," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 38, issue C, pages 76-91, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2015.11.010.
• Liou, Ruey-Wan & Lin, Hsing-Chun & Chang, Ching-Cheng & Hsu, Shih-Hsun, 2016, "Unveiling the true value of across-strait trade: The global value chain approach," China Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 41, issue C, pages 159-180, DOI: 10.1016/j.chieco.2016.10.001.
• Engelbrecht, Hans-Jürgen, 2016, "Comprehensive versus inclusive wealth accounting and the assessment of sustainable development: An empirical comparison," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, volume 129, issue C, pages 12-20, DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.05.014.
• Aruoba, S. Borağan & Diebold, Francis X. & Nalewaik, Jeremy & Schorfheide, Frank & Song, Dongho, 2016, "Improving GDP measurement: A measurement-error perspective," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, volume 191, issue 2, pages 384-397, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.12.009.
• Inklaar, Robert & Diewert, W. Erwin, 2016, "Measuring industry productivity and cross-country convergence," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, volume 191, issue 2, pages 426-433, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2015.12.013.
• Díaz, Antonia & Franjo, Luis, 2016, "Capital goods, measured TFP and growth: The case of Spain," European Economic Review, Elsevier, volume 83, issue C, pages 19-39, DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2015.11.009.
• Abrigo, Michael R.M. & Racelis, Rachel H. & Salas, J.M. Ian & Herrin, Alejandro N., 2016, "Decomposing economic gains from population age structure transition in the Philippines," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, volume 8, issue C, pages 19-27, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2016.09.002.
• Lamprou, Dimitra, 2016, "Nowcasting GDP in Greece: The impact of data revisions and forecast origin on model selection and performance," The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, Elsevier, volume 14, issue PA, pages 93-102, DOI: 10.1016/j.jeca.2016.07.006.
• Jones, C.I., 2016, "The Facts of Economic Growth," Handbook of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, chapter 0, in: J. B. Taylor & Harald Uhlig, "Handbook of Macroeconomics", DOI: 10.1016/bs.hesmac.2016.03.002.
• Hill, Robert J. & Syed, Iqbal A., 2016, "Hedonic price–rent ratios, user cost, and departures from equilibrium in the housing market," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, volume 56, issue C, pages 60-72, DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2015.11.001.
• Jesus, Maria Antónia & Jorge, Susana, 2016, "Accounting basis adjustments and deficit reliability: Evidence from southern European countries," Revista de Contabilidad - Spanish Accounting Review, Elsevier, volume 19, issue 1, pages 77-88, DOI: 10.1016/j.rcsar.2015.01.004.
• Kevin J. Mumford, 2016, "Prosperity, Sustainability and the Measurement of Wealth," Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, number 201619, Jul.
• Redding, Stephen J. & Weinstein, David E., 2016, "A unified approach to estimating demand and welfare," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library, number 67681, Aug.
• Stohr, Christian, 2016, "Trading gains: new estimates of Swiss GDP,1851 to 2008," Economic History Working Papers, London School of Economics and Political Science, Department of Economic History, number 67032, Jun.
• Bishwanath Goldar, 2016, "Manufacturing growth in India in recent years," Indian Growth and Development Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, volume 9, issue 2, pages 102-113, November, DOI: 10.1108/IGDR-08-2016-0037.
• Stefano Fenoaltea, 2016, "The Measurement of Production: Lessons from the Engineering Industry in Italy, 1911," Research in Economic History, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, "Research in Economic History", DOI: 10.1108/S0363-326820160000032002.
• Raymundo M. Campos-Vazquez & Emmanuel Chavez & Gerardo Esquivel, 2016, "Estimating top income shares without tax return data: Mexico since the 1990s," Serie documentos de trabajo del Centro de Estudios Económicos, El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios Económicos, number 2016-04, Apr.
• Kevin X. D. Huang & Guoqiang Tian, 2016, "China's Macroeconomic Outlook and Risk Assessment: Counterfactual Analysis, Policy Simulation, and Long-Term Governance¡ªA Summary of Annual Report (2015¨C2016)," Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities, Higher Education Press, volume 11, issue 2, pages 173-191, June.
• Òscar Jordà & Moritz Schularick & Alan M. Taylor, 2016, "Macrofinancial History and the New Business Cycle Facts," Working Paper Series, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, number 2016-23, Oct, DOI: 10.24148/wp2016-23.
• Maxim L. Pinkovskiy & Xavier X. Sala-i-Martin, 2016, "Newer need not be better: evaluating the Penn World Tables and the World Development Indicators using nighttime lights," Staff Reports, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, number 778, Jun.
• Victor Kummritz & Bastiaan Quast, 2016, "Global Value Chains in Low and Middle Income Countries," CTEI Working Papers series, Centre for Trade and Economic Integration, The Graduate Institute, number 10-2016, Jan.
• Stohr, Christian, 2016, "Trading gains: new estimates of swiss gdp, 1851 to 2008," Working Papers, University of Geneva, Paul Bairoch Institute of Economic History, number unige:86942.
• Eric Gabin Kilama, 2016, "The influence of China and emerging donors aid allocation: A recipient perspective," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-01410663.
• Damien Broussolle, 2016, "Tertiarisation revisited in the perspective of Hill’s views on services, with some insights on EU and France
  [La tertiarisation revisitée dans la perspective des services de Hill, un éclairage sur le cas de l’UE et de la France]," Post-Print, HAL, number hal-01680449, Sep, DOI: 10.15122/isbn.978-2-406-06277-6.p.0.
• Peter Mihalyi & Iván Szelenyi, 2016, "Two different sources of inequalities: profits and rents in advanced market economies," KRTK-KTI WORKING PAPERS, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies, number 1630, Aug.
• Georg Erber & Ulrich Fritsche & Patrick Harms, 2016, "Labor Productivity Slowdown in the Developed Economies. Another Productivity Puzzle?," Macroeconomics and Finance Series, University of Hamburg, Department of Socioeconomics, number 201604, Sep.
• Leandro Prados de la Escosura, 2016, "Spain’s Historical National Accounts: Expenditure and Output, 1850-2015," Working Papers, European Historical Economics Society (EHES), number 0103, Sep.
• Jerven , Morten, 2016, "Historical patterns of economic growth in Africa: A review," African Economic History Working Paper, African Economic History Network, number 28/2016, Aug.
• Heshmati, Almas, 2016, "A Review of the Circular Economy and its Implementation," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, number 431, Apr.
• Becker, Torbjörn, 2016, "Russia’s Oil Dependence and the EU," SITE Working Paper Series, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm Institute of Transition Economics, number 38, Aug.
• Waldenström, Daniel, 2016, "Wealth-Income Ratios in a Small, Developing Economy: Sweden, 1810–2014," Working Paper Series, Research Institute of Industrial Economics, number 1134, Sep.
• Abildgren, Kim, 2016, "The National Wealth of Denmark 1845-2013 in a European Perspective," Nationaløkonomisk tidsskrift, Nationaløkonomisk Forening, volume 2016, issue 1, pages 1-19.
• Andersson, Fredrik N. G. & Lennard, Jason, 2016, "Irish GDP between the Famine and the First World War: Estimates Based on a Dynamic Factor Model," Working Papers, Lund University, Department of Economics, number 2016:13, Jun, revised 16 Jan 2018.
• Doppelhofer, Gernot & Hansen, Ole-Petter Moe & Weeks, Melvyn, 2016, "Determinants of long-term economic Growth redux: A Measurement Error Model Averaging (MEMA) approach," Discussion Paper Series in Economics, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Economics, number 19/2016, Dec.
• Gulnara Abdrakhmanova & Galina Gennadievna Kovaleva & Sergey M. Plaksin, 2016, "Approaches to Defining and Measuring Russia’S Internet Economy," HSE Working papers, National Research University Higher School of Economics, number WP BRP 61/STI/2016.
• MA, Ye & JONG, Herman de, 2016, "Unfolding the Turbulent Century: A Reconstruction of China's Economic Development, 1840-1912," Discussion paper series, Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study, Hitotsubashi University, number HIAS-E-29, May.
• Kuboniwa, Masaaki & 久保庭, 眞彰 & Tabata, Shinichiro & Nakamura, Yasushi, 2016, "Soviet Foreign Trade Earnings Revisited," RRC Working Paper Series, Russian Research Center, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, number 60, Oct.
• Kuboniwa, Masaaki, 2016, "Estimating GDP and Foreign Rents of the Oil and Gas Sector in the USSR then and Russia now," RRC Working Paper Series, Russian Research Center, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University, number 61, Oct.
• Wanger, Susanne & Weigand, Roland & Zapf, Ines, 2016, "Measuring hours worked in Germany : contents, data and methodological essentials of the IAB working time measurement concept (Die Berechnung der geleisteten Arbeitsstunden in Deutschland : Inhalte, Daten und methodische Grundlagen der IAB Arbeitszeit," Journal for Labour Market Research, Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), Nürnberg [Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Germany], volume 49, issue 3, pages 213-238, DOI: 10.1007/s12651-016-0206-0.
• Velázquez-Valadez, Guillermo & Guzman-Alonso, Roberto & Allier-Campuzano, Héctor, 2016, "Análisis del producto interno bruto como determinante del crecimiento económico. Estudio comparativo: México-Argentina (2003-2013)," eseconomía, Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, volume 11, issue 45, pages 33-56, Segundo s.
• Champagne, Julien & Kurmann, Andre & Stewart, Jay, 2016, "Reconciling the Divergence in Aggregate U.S. Wage Series," IZA Discussion Papers, IZA Network @ LISER, number 9754, Feb.
• Lumengo Bonga-Bonga & Ferdinand Ahiakpor, 2016, "Assessing The Detreminants Of Economic Growth In Ghana," Journal of Developing Areas, Tennessee State University, College of Business, volume 50, issue 4, pages 153-172, October-D.
• Yu, Liu & Meng, Bo & Hubacek, Klaus & Xue, Jinjun & Feng, Kuishuang & Gao, Yuning, 2016, "How does firm heterogeneity information impact the estimation of embodied carbon emissions in Chinese exports?," IDE Discussion Papers, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO), number 592, Mar.
• Hubacek, Klaus, 2016, "Consumption-based accounting of U.S. CO2 emissions from 1990 to 2010," IDE Discussion Papers, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO), number 593, Mar.
• Kim, Jiyoung, 2016, "Inter-industry analysis and monetary policy evaluations in the Korean flow of funds accounts," IDE Discussion Papers, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO), number 619, Oct.
• William A. Barnett & Marcelle Chauvet & Danilo Leiva-Leon & Liting Su, 2016, "The Credit-Card-Services Augmented Divisia Monetary Aggregates," WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS, University of Kansas, Department of Economics, number 201604, Aug, revised Aug 2016.
• William A. Barnett & Marcelle Chauvet & Danilo Leiva-Leon & Liting Su, 2016, "Nowcasting Nominal GDP with the Credit-Card Augmented Divisia Monetary Aggregates," WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS, University of Kansas, Department of Economics, number 201605, Aug, revised Aug 2016.
• William A. Barnett & Liting Su, 2016, "Risk Adjustment of the Credit-Card Augmented Divisia Monetary Aggregates," WORKING PAPERS SERIES IN THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ECONOMICS, University of Kansas, Department of Economics, number 201606, Aug, revised Aug 2016.
• Peter G. Fennell & David J. P. O’Sullivan & Antoine Godin & Stephen Kinsella, 2016, "Is It Possible to Visualise Any Stock Flow Consistent Model as a Directed Acyclic Graph?," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, volume 48, issue 2, pages 307-316, August, DOI: 10.1007/s10614-015-9521-8.
• Vadim Dumitrascu & Roxana Arabela Dumitrascu, 2016, "The Fundamentals of a Business Model Based on Responsible Investments," Academic Journal of Economic Studies, Faculty of Finance, Banking and Accountancy Bucharest,"Dimitrie Cantemir" Christian University Bucharest, volume 2, issue 1, pages 42-57, March.
• Klaus Abberger & Yngve Abrahamsen & Florian Chatagny & Andreas Dibiasi & Florian Eckert & Anne Kathrin Funk & Michael Graff & Florian Hälg & David Iselin & Heiner Mikosch & Stefan Neuwirth & Alexander, 2016, "Schweizer Wirtschaft in turbulentem Umfeld," KOF Analysen, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich, volume 10, issue 1, pages 1-72, March, DOI: 10.3929/ethz-a-005427569.
• Klaus Abberger & Yngve Abrahamsen & Florian Chatagny & Andreas Dibiasi & Florian Eckert & Anne Kathrin Funk & Michael Graff & Florian Hälg & David Iselin & Heiner Mikosch & Stefan Neuwirth & Alexander, 2016, "Preise fangen sich langsam, verhaltener Konjunkturausblick," KOF Analysen, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich, volume 10, issue 2, pages 1-29, June, DOI: 10.3929/ethz-a-005427569.
• Klaus Abberger & Yngve Abrahamsen & Florian Chatagny & Andreas Dibiasi & Florian Eckert & Anne Kathrin Funk & Michael Graff & Florian Hälg & David Iselin & Heiner Mikosch & Stefan Neuwirth & Alexander, 2016, "Zurück zu moderatem Wachstum," KOF Analysen, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich, volume 10, issue 3, pages 1-108, October, DOI: 10.3929/ethz-a-005427569.
• Klaus Abberger & Yngve Abrahamsen & Florian Chatagny & Andreas Dibiasi & Florian Eckert & Anne Kathrin Funk & Michael Graff & Florian Hälg & David Iselin & Heiner Mikosch & Stefan Neuwirth & Alexander, 2016, "Langsame Erholung in unsicheren Zeiten," KOF Analysen, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich, volume 10, issue 4, pages 1-27, December, DOI: 10.3929/ethz-a-005427569.
• Pierre CLAVEL, 2016, "Matthew P. Drennan, Income Inequality: Why it Matters and Why Most Economicsts Didn’t Notice," Journal of Economics and Political Economy, KSP Journals, volume 3, issue 2, pages 411-414, June.
• Susana SANTOS, 2016, "The Informal Aspects of the Activity of Countries Studied Through Social Accounting and Socio-Demographic Matrices," Journal of Economic and Social Thought, KSP Journals, volume 3, issue 1, pages 49-78, March.
• Samson Mbewe & Ingrid Woolard, 2016, "Cross-Sectional Features of Wealth Inequality in South Africa: Evidence from the National Income Dynamics Study," SALDRU Working Papers, Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town, number 185.
• Roman Matkovskyy, 2016, "A comparison of pre- and post-crisis efficiency of OECD countries: evidence from a model with temporal heterogeneity in time and unobservable individual effect," European Journal of Comparative Economics, Cattaneo University (LIUC), volume 13, issue 2, pages 135-167, December.
• Rashid Amjad & Namra Awais, 2016, "Pakistan’s Productivity Performance and TFP Trends, 1980–2015: Cause for Real Concern," Lahore Journal of Economics, Department of Economics, The Lahore School of Economics, volume 21, issue Special E, pages 33-63, September.
• Komlos, John, 2016, "Has Creative Destruction become more Destructive?," Munich Reprints in Economics, University of Munich, Department of Economics, number 43465.
• Alinezhad, Alireza & Nasiri Sadeghloo, Mohammad Javad, 2016, "Application of Malmquist Index in Two-Stage DEA for Measurement of Productivity Growth," Journal of Money and Economy, Monetary and Banking Research Institute, Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, volume 11, issue 1, pages 31-51, January.
• Youjin Hahn & Stephen Matteo Miller & Hee-Seung Yang, 2016, "Inequality, Risk-Sharing and the Crisis: A View From Australia," Monash Economics Working Papers, Monash University, Department of Economics, number 15-16, Nov.
• Òscar Jordà & Moritz Schularick & Alan M. Taylor, 2016, "Macrofinancial History and the New Business Cycle Facts," NBER Chapters, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, "NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2016, Volume 31".
• Joseph Davis & Marc D. Weidenmier, 2016, "America's First Great Moderation," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 21856, Jan.
• Alexander Bick & Nicola Fuchs-Schündeln & David Lagakos, 2016, "How do Hours Worked Vary with Income? Cross-Country Evidence and Implications," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 21874, Jan.
• George-Marios Angeletos & Chen Lian, 2016, "Incomplete Information in Macroeconomics: Accommodating Frictions in Coordination," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 22297, Jun.
• Dale W. Jorgenson & Mun S. Ho & Jon D. Samuels, 2016, "Education, Participation, and the Revival of U.S. Economic Growth," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 22453, Jul.
• Stephen J. Redding & David E. Weinstein, 2016, "Measuring Aggregate Price Indexes with Taste Shocks: Theory and Evidence for CES Preferences," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 22479, Aug.
• Òscar Jordà & Moritz Schularick & Alan M. Taylor, 2016, "Macrofinancial History and the New Business Cycle Facts," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 22743, Oct.
• Thomas Piketty & Emmanuel Saez & Gabriel Zucman, 2016, "Distributional National Accounts: Methods and Estimates for the United States," NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number 22945, Dec.
• Kanhaiya Singh & M.R. Saluja, 2016, "Input–Output Table for India: 2013-14," NCAER Working Papers, National Council of Applied Economic Research, number 111, Dec.
• Pencho Ivanov, 2016, "Economic Interests - the Argument of Marketing Management," Economic Alternatives, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 1, pages 119-125, March.
• Assen Kovachev, 2016, "Algorithm for Balancing the Product-Resource Recurrent Actions in the Economic Development," Economic Alternatives, University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, issue 2, pages 142-148, June.
• Felix Arnold & Hansjörg Blöchliger, 2016, "Regional GDP in OECD countries: How has inequality developed over time?," OECD Economics Department Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 1329, Oct, DOI: 10.1787/5jlpq7xz3tjc-en.
• Carol Corrado & Olga Ukhaneva, 2016, "Hedonic Prices for Fixed Broadband Services: Estimation across OECD Countries," OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers, OECD Publishing, number 2016/7, Oct, DOI: 10.1787/5jlpl4sgc9hj-en.
• Florea Adrian, 2016, "The Relationship Between Gdp/Capita Dynamics And The Level Of Migration Inside Romanian S Macroregions," Annals of Faculty of Economics, University of Oradea, Faculty of Economics, volume 1, issue 2, pages 194-202, December.
• Emmanuel Saez & Gabriel Zucman, 2016, "Editor's Choice Wealth Inequality in the United States since 1913: Evidence from Capitalized Income Tax Data," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, volume 131, issue 2, pages 519-578.
• Stanislav Percic & Constantin-Marius Apostoaie, 2016, "A Critical Review of the Most Relevant Welfare Indicators from an Environmental Perspective," Ovidius University Annals, Economic Sciences Series, Ovidius University of Constantza, Faculty of Economic Sciences, volume 0, issue 1, pages 223-230, July.
• Giuseppe Della Torre, 2016, "Sviluppo dei Conti Nazionali e pianificazione del Secondo conflitto mondiale: l'arretratezza dell'Italia (Development of national accounts and planning of the second World War: The Italy's backwardness)," Il Pensiero Economico Italiano, Fabrizio Serra Editore, Pisa - Roma, volume 24, issue 1, pages 107-121.
• Li, Maohua & Zéman, Zoltán & Li, Jing, 2016, "The Impact of CSR on Chinese Economic Development," Public Finance Quarterly, Corvinus University of Budapest, volume 61, issue 4, pages 500-515.
• Bradut-Vasile Bolos & Mihaela-Daciana Bolos, 2016, "Romanian recessions within 1995-2016 timeframe," Acta Marisiensis. Series Oeconomica, "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu-Mureș, România - Faculty of Economics and Law, volume 1, pages 39-60, December.
• Chong, Fen Nee & Liew, Venus Khim-Sen & Suhaimi, Rosita, 2016, "Does Research and Development Expenditure Co-integrate with Gross National Income of ASEAN Countries?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 107981.
• Ledenyov, Dimitri O. & Ledenyov, Viktor O., 2016, "Digital DNA of economy of scale and scope," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 68929, Jan.
• Georgescu, George, 2016, "The world trade data distortion and its contagious impact. A brief comment on the WTO “Made in the World” initiative," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 69483, Feb.
• Azimi, Mohammad Naim, 2016, "An economic growth model: Evaluating the interaction of market consumption with GDP growth rate in Afghanistan," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 69517, Jan, revised 11 Jan 2016.
• Ledenyov, Dimitri O. & Ledenyov, Viktor O., 2016, "Precise measurement of macroeconomic variables in time domain using three dimensional wave diagrams," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 69576, Feb.
• Accolley, Delali, 2016, "Physical and Human Capital over the Business Cycle," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 71017, Apr.
• Ahmad, Khalil & Ali, Amjad, 2016, "Rising Population and Food Insecurity Linkages in Pakistan: Testing Malthusian Population Growth Theory," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 71131, Jan.
• Georgescu, George, 2016, "Produsul intern brut. Istorie, relevanţă şi limitări în interpretare
  [The Gross Domestic Product. History, relevance and limitations in its interpretation]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 72491, Jul.
• Schwärzler, Marion Cornelia & Kronenberg, Tobias, 2016, "Methodology of the National Health Account for Germany - Database, compilation and results," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 73561, Sep.
• Georgescu, George, 2016, "The Gross Domestic Product. History, relevance and limitations in its interpretation," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 73644, Sep.
• Amjad, Rashid & Awais, Namra, 2016, "Pakistan's productivity performance and TFP trends 1980-2015: Cause for real concern," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 75017, Sep.
• González-Laxe, Fernando & Armesto-Pina, José Francisco & Lago-Peñas, Santiago & Sanchez-Fernandez, Patricio, 2016, "Cuentas económicas de Galicia: Tercer trimestre de 2016
  [Galicia's economic accounts: 2016 Third quarter]," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 76464, Dec.
• Megersa, kelbesa & Cassimon, Danny, 2016, "Debt Sustainability and direction of trade: What does Africa’s shifting engagement with BRIC and OECD tells us?," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 76581, May.
• Ostwald, Dennis A. & Legler, Benno & Schwärzler, Marion Cornelia, 2016, "Der ökonomische Fußabdruck der Privaten Krankenversicherung in Deutschland. Quantifizierung der volkswirtschaftlichen Bedeutung der PKV im Kontext der Gesundheitswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnung (GGR) des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie ," MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany, number 76743, Dec.
• Luboš Marek & Stanislava Hronová & Richard Hindls, 2016, "Příspěvek k časnějším odhadům hodnot čtvrtletních národních účtů
  [Contribution to the Earlier Estimations of Quarterly National Accounts]," Politická ekonomie, Prague University of Economics and Business, volume 2016, issue 6, pages 633-650, DOI: 10.18267/j.polek.1101.
• Thanee Chaiwat, 2016, "Night Lights, Economic Growth, and Spatial Inequality of Thailand," PIER Discussion Papers, Puey Ungphakorn Institute for Economic Research, number 26, May.
• Gianni La Cava, 2016, "Housing Prices, Mortgage Interest Rates and the Rising Share of Capital Income in the United States," RBA Research Discussion Papers, Reserve Bank of Australia, number rdp2016-04, May.
• Raymond Mataloni & Kim Ruhl & Dylan Rassier & Fatih Guvenen, 2016, "Offshore Profit Shifting and Domestic Productivity Measurement," 2016 Meeting Papers, Society for Economic Dynamics, number 1382.
• Stefania Albanesi, 2016, "Credit Growth and the Financial Crisis: A New Narrative," 2016 Meeting Papers, Society for Economic Dynamics, number 575.
• Roman Arkhipov & Pavel Katyshev, 2016, "Electric power generation and GDP in Russia: Cointegration analysis," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), volume 44, pages 38-49.
• William Barnett & Marcelle Chauvet & Danilo Leiva-Leon & Liting Su, 2016, "Nowcasting Nominal GDP with the Credit-Card Augmented Divisia Monetary," Studies in Applied Economics, The Johns Hopkins Institute for Applied Economics, Global Health, and the Study of Business Enterprise, number 59, Aug.
• William Barnett & Liting Su, 2016, "Risk Adjustment of the Credit-Card Augmented Divisia Monetary Aggregates," Studies in Applied Economics, The Johns Hopkins Institute for Applied Economics, Global Health, and the Study of Business Enterprise, number 67, Oct.
• Walter Gómez D’Angelo, 2016, "Términos de intercambio, PIB e Ingreso Interno Real en Bolivia," Revista Latinoamericana de Desarrollo Economico, Carrera de Economía de la Universidad Católica Boliviana (UCB), issue 26, pages 45-68.
• Eugen Scarlat, 2016, "Connectivity - Based Clustering of GDP Time Series," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, volume 0, issue 1, pages 23-38, March.
• Toader, Serban & Iancu, Victor & Olteanu, Dan, 2016, "Welfare Trends in Romania 1990 - 2014," Working Papers of National Institute for Economic Research, Institutul National de Cercetari Economice (INCE), number 161212, Dec.
• Liliana DUGULEANA & Constantin DUGULEANA & Steliana BUSUIOCEANU, 2016, "A Structural Analysis of European Union Economy," Romanian Statistical Review, Romanian Statistical Review, volume 64, issue 3, pages 19-51, September.
• Erdogan Bakir & Al Campbell, 2016, "Kalecki and the Determinants of the Profit Rate in the United States," Review of Radical Political Economics, Union for Radical Political Economics, volume 48, issue 4, pages 577-587, December, DOI: 10.1177/0486613416665835.
• Sorin Gabriel Badea & Florin Radu, 2016, "Balanced economic growth," Social-Economic Debates, Association for Entreprenorial Spirit Promotion, volume 5, issue 2, pages 67-75, August.
• Nadim Ahmad & Paul Schreyer, 2016, "Are GDP and Productivity Up to the Challenges of the Digital Economy?," International Productivity Monitor, Centre for the Study of Living Standards, volume 30, pages 4-27, Spring.
• Susanne Wanger & Roland Weigand & Ines Zapf, 2016, "Measuring hours worked in Germany – Contents, data and methodological essentials of the IAB working time measurement concept
  [Die Berechnung der geleisteten Arbeitsstunden in Deutschland – Inhalte, Daten und methodische Grundlagen der IAB Arbeitsz," Journal for Labour Market Research, Springer;Institute for Employment Research/ Institut für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB), volume 49, issue 3, pages 213-238, November, DOI: 10.1007/s12651-016-0206-0.
• Rintaro Yamaguchi & Masayuki Sato & Kazuhiro Ueta, 2016, "Measuring Regional Wealth and Assessing Sustainable Development: An Application to a Disaster-Torn Region in Japan," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, volume 129, issue 1, pages 365-389, October, DOI: 10.1007/s11205-015-1106-3.
• Fabrizio Antolini, 2016, "The Evolution of National Accounting and New Statistical Information: Happiness and Gross Domestic Product, Can We Measure It?," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, volume 129, issue 3, pages 1075-1092, December, DOI: 10.1007/s11205-015-1156-6.
• Frank Bickenbach & Eckhardt Bode & Peter Nunnenkamp & Mareike Söder, 2016, "Night lights and regional GDP," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), volume 152, issue 2, pages 425-447, May, DOI: 10.1007/s10290-016-0246-0.
• Franziska Bremus & Christian Grimme & Lina Zwick, 2016, "Deutschlands Position in der Weltwirtschaft
  [Germany’s Position in the World Economy]," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 96, issue 11, pages 806-810, November, DOI: 10.1007/s10273-016-2053-6.
• Michael Grömling, 2016, "Digitale Revolution — eine neue Herausforderung für die Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnungen?
  [Digital Revolution — New Challenges for National Accounting?]," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 96, issue 2, pages 135-139, February, DOI: 10.1007/s10273-016-1938-8.
• Michael Grömling, 2016, "Digitale Revolution — eine neue Herausforderung für die Volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnungen?," Wirtschaftsdienst, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, volume 96, issue 2, pages 135-139, February, DOI: 10.1007/s10273-016-1938-8.
• David Greasley & Nick Hanley & Eoin McLaughlin & Les Oxley, 2016, "Australia: a Land of Missed Opportunities?," Discussion Papers in Environment and Development Economics, University of St. Andrews, School of Geography and Sustainable Development, number 2016-08, Mar.
• Iqbal Syed & Jan de Haan, 2016, "Age, Time, Vintage, and Price Indexes: Measuring the Depreciation Pattern of Houses," Discussion Papers, School of Economics, The University of New South Wales, number 2016-01, Feb.
• Viv B. Hall & C. John McDermott, 2016, "Recessions and recoveries in New Zealand's post-Second World War business cycles," New Zealand Economic Papers, Taylor & Francis Journals, volume 50, issue 3, pages 261-280, September, DOI: 10.1080/00779954.2015.1129358.
• Yücel Candemir, 2016, "Dördüncü Sanayi Devrimi, Küreselleşme ve Ulusal Gelir Muhasebesi," Ekonomi-tek - International Economics Journal, Turkish Economic Association, volume 5, issue 2, pages 1-34, May.
• Masaru Inaba & Keisuke Otsu, 2016, "Regional Business Cycle and Growth Features of Japan," CIRJE F-Series, CIRJE, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo, number CIRJE-F-1005, Mar.
• Diewert, W. Erwin & Fox, Kevin J., 2016, "Kevin J. Fox Interview of W. Erwin Diewert," Microeconomics.ca working papers, Vancouver School of Economics, number erwin_diewert-2016-6, Jun, revised 02 Jun 2016.
• Luis Bértola, 2016, "El PIB per cápita de Uruguay 1870-2015: una reconstrucción," Documentos de trabajo, Programa de Historia Económica, FCS, Udelar, number 48, Dec.
• Hecq, A.W. & Jacobs, J.P.A.M. & Stamatogiannis, M., 2016, "Testing for news and noise in non-stationary time series subject to multiple historical revisions," Research Memorandum, Maastricht University, Graduate School of Business and Economics (GSBE), number 004, Jan, DOI: 10.26481/umagsb.2016004.
• Mirko Armiento, 2016, "The Sustainable Welfare Index for Italy, 1960-2013," Working Papers, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Department of Economics, Society & Politics - Scientific Committee - L. Stefanini & G. Travaglini, number 1601, revised 2016.
• Luciano Stefanini & Maria Letizia Guerra, 2016, "On Possibilistic Representations of Fuzzy Intervals," Working Papers, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Department of Economics, Society & Politics - Scientific Committee - L. Stefanini & G. Travaglini, number 1602, revised 2016.
• Andreasch Michael & Lindner Peter, 2016, "Micro- and Macrodata: a Comparison of the Household Finance and Consumption Survey with Financial Accounts in Austria," Journal of Official Statistics, Sciendo, volume 32, issue 1, pages 1-28, March, DOI: 10.1515/jos-2016-0001.
• Thomas Piketty & Emmanuel Saez & Gabriel Zucman, 2016, "Distributional National Accounts: Methods and Estimates for the United States," Working Papers, World Inequality Lab, number 201603, Dec.
• Debra Bloch & Falilou Fall, 2016, "Government Debt Indicators:Understanding the Data," Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy (JICEP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., volume 7, issue 01, pages 1-28, February, DOI: 10.1142/S1793993316500022.
• Jin Seo Cho & Myung-Ho Park & Peter C.B. Phillips, 2016, "Practical Kolmogorov-Smirnov Testing by Minimum Distance Applied to Measure Top Income Shares in Korea," Working papers, Yonsei University, Yonsei Economics Research Institute, number 2016rwp-88, Jun.
• Corrado, Carol & Haskel, Jonathan & Jona-Lasinio, Cecilia & Iommi, Massimiliano, 2016, "Intangible investment in the EU and US before and since the Great Recession and its contribution to productivity growth," EIB Working Papers, European Investment Bank (EIB), number 2016/08.
• Artige, Lionel, 2016, "Measurement of Innovation: Where Do We Stand?," Proceedings of the ENTRENOVA - ENTerprise REsearch InNOVAtion Conference (2016), Rovinj, Croatia, IRENET - Society for Advancing Innovation and Research in Economy, Zagreb, "Proceedings of the ENTRENOVA - ENTerprise REsearch InNOVAtion Conference, Rovinj, Croatia, 8-9 September 2016".
• Metzger, Christoph, 2016, "Accounting of pay-as-you-go pension schemes using accrued-to-date liabilities: An example for Switzerland," FZG Discussion Papers, University of Freiburg, Research Center for Generational Contracts (FZG), number 59.
• Metzger, Christoph, 2016, "The German statutory pension scheme: Balance sheet, cross-sectional internal rates of return and implicit tax rates," FZG Discussion Papers, University of Freiburg, Research Center for Generational Contracts (FZG), number 63.
• Fuchs-Schündeln, Nicola & Bick, Alexander & Lagakos, David, 2016, "How Do Average Hours Worked Vary with Development? Cross-Country Evidence and Implications," VfS Annual Conference 2016 (Augsburg): Demographic Change, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 145576.
• Born, Benjamin & Pfeifer, Johannes, 2016, "Uncertainty-driven business cycles: assessing the markup channel," VfS Annual Conference 2016 (Augsburg): Demographic Change, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association, number 145608.

2015

• Oasis Kodila-Tedika & Simplice A. Asongu, 2015, "The Effect of Intelligence on Financial Development: A Cross-Country Comparison," Research Africa Network Working Papers, Research Africa Network (RAN), number 15/002, Feb.
• Nelson Manzano, 2015, "Análisis de contexto de la situación productiva y laboral de Cochabamba," Development Research Working Paper Series, Institute for Advanced Development Studies, number 05/2015, May.
• Robert C. Feenstra & Robert Inklaar & Marcel P. Timmer, 2015, "The Next Generation of the Penn World Table," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, volume 105, issue 10, pages 3150-3182, October.
• Oasis Kodila-Tedika & Simplice Asongu, 2015, "The Effect of Intelligence on Financial Development: A Cross-Country Comparison," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute., African Governance and Development Institute., number 15/002, Feb.
• Ball, Eldon & Soloveichik, Rachel & Mosheim, Roberto, , "Long‐Lived Working Animals As Capital Assets," 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, July 26-28, San Francisco, California, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, number 205744, DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.205744.
• Carolina Román & Henry Willebald, 2015, "Formación de capital en el largo plazo en Uruguay, 1870-2011," Investigaciones de Historia Económica - Economic History Research (IHE-EHR), Journal of the Spanish Economic History Association, Asociación Española de Historia Económica, volume 11, issue 01, pages 20-30.
• Péter Földvári & Bas van Leeuwen & Dmitry Didenko, 2015, "Capital formation and economic growth under central planning and transition: A theoretical and empirical analysis, ca. 1920–2008," Acta Oeconomica, Akadémiai Kiadó, Hungary, volume 65, issue 1, pages 27-50, March.
• Dr. Yisheng Huang (ed.), 2015, "Hyperbola Economics Towards A Utopian Economy," Hyperbola Economics towards A Utopian Economy, Better Advances Press, Canada, number 01, edition 1.
• Angel De la Fuente, 2015, "Series enlazadas de Contabilidad Regional para España, 1980-2014," Working Papers, BBVA Bank, Economic Research Department, number 1527, Sep.
• Angel De la Fuente, 2015, "Series Contabilidad Regional (II): Asalariados, rentas del trabajo y salarios medios," Working Papers, BBVA Bank, Economic Research Department, number 1531, Dec.
• Cristina Fabrizi & Raffaella Pico & Luca Casolaro & Mariano Graziano & Elisabetta Manzoli & Sonia Soncin & Luciano Esposito & Giuseppe Saporito & Tiziana Sodano, 2015, "The real estate market, the supply chain and credit: the effects of the great recession," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 263, Mar.
• Eliana Viviano, 2015, "The growth of the service sector and demand for services," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers), Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area, number 290, Sep.
• Nivat, D., 2015, "Revenus d’investissements directs à l’étranger et profits des groupes du CAC 40 de 2005 à 2013," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 200, pages 51-62.
• Tatevik Sekhposyan & Barbara Rossi, 2015, "Macroeconomic Uncertainty Indices for the Euro Area and Individual Member Countries," Working Papers, Barcelona School of Economics, number 820, Sep.
• Wenbiao Cai & Manish Pandey, 2015, "The Agricultural Productivity Gap In Europe," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, volume 53, issue 4, pages 1807-1817, October.
• Eiji Fujii, 2015, "Reconsidering The Price–Income Relationship Across Countries," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, volume 20, issue 5, pages 733-760, December.
• Stefano Fenoaltea, 2015, "Italian Industrial Production, 1861-1913: A Statistical Reconstruction. A. Introduction," Carlo Alberto Notebooks, Collegio Carlo Alberto, number 412.
• Stefano Fenoaltea, 2015, "Italian Industrial Production, 1861-1913: A Statistical Reconstruction. B. The Extractive Industries," Carlo Alberto Notebooks, Collegio Carlo Alberto, number 413.
• Stefano Fenoaltea, 2015, "Italian Industrial Production, 1861-1913: A Statistical Reconstruction. C. The Non-metallic Mineral Products Industries," Carlo Alberto Notebooks, Collegio Carlo Alberto, number 414.
• Stefano Fenoaltea, 2015, "Italian Industrial Production, 1861-1913: A Statistical Reconstruction. D. The Chemical, Coal and Petroleum Products, and Rubber Industries," Carlo Alberto Notebooks, Collegio Carlo Alberto, number 415.
• Stefano Fenoaltea, 2015, "Italian Industrial Production, 1861-1913: A Statistical Reconstruction. E. The Metalmaking Industries," Carlo Alberto Notebooks, Collegio Carlo Alberto, number 416.
• Stefano Fenoaltea, 2015, "Italian Industrial Production, 1861 1913: A Statistical Reconstruction. F. The Engineering Industries," Carlo Alberto Notebooks, Collegio Carlo Alberto, number 419.
• Stefano Fenoaltea, 2015, "Italian Industrial Production, 1861 1913: A Statistical Reconstruction. J. The Utilities Industries," Carlo Alberto Notebooks, Collegio Carlo Alberto, number 421.
• Stefano Fenoaltea, 2015, "Italian Industrial Production, 1861 1913: A Statistical Reconstruction. K. The Construction Industries," Carlo Alberto Notebooks, Collegio Carlo Alberto, number 422.
• Christian Lessmann & André Seidel, 2015, "Regional Inequality, Convergence, and its Determinants - A View from Outer Space," CESifo Working Paper Series, CESifo, number 5322.
• Wolfgang Nierhaus, 2015, "Realwert des Bruttoinlandsprodukts und Terms of Trade: Ergebnisse für 2014," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, volume 68, issue 03, pages 36-40, February.
• Wolfgang Nierhaus, 2015, "Terms of Trade und Trading Gain," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, volume 68, issue 09, pages 16-20, May.
• Steffen Henzel & Claire Thürwächter, 2015, "Verlässlichkeit der EU-Methode zur Schätzung des Produktionspotenzials in Deutschland," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, volume 68, issue 18, pages 18-24, September.
• Nicholas Oulton, 2015, "Space-Time (In)Consistency in the National Accounts: Causes and Cures," Discussion Papers, Centre for Macroeconomics (CFM), number 1524, Apr, revised Oct 2015.
• Sandro Claudio LERA & Didier SORNETTE, 2015, "Secular Bipolar Growth Rate of the Real US GDP Per Capita: Implications for Understanding Past and Future Economic Growth," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series, Swiss Finance Institute, number 15-62, Dec.
• Frantisek Brazdik & Zuzana Humplova & Frantisek Kopriva, 2015, "Evaluating a Structural Model Forecast: Decomposition Approach," Working Papers, Czech National Bank, Research and Statistics Department, number 2015/12, Dec.
• Hernando Zuleta, 2015, "Getting Growth Accounting Right," Documentos CEDE, Universidad de los Andes, Facultad de Economía, CEDE, number 13814, Aug.
• Alcides de Jesús Padilla Sierra, 2015, "Uso de variables de actividad económica en la estimación del PIB per cápita microterritorial," Revista Cuadernos de Economia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID.
• Julián VILLAMIL S & Gustavo HERNANDEZ, 2015, "Encadenamientos, Clústeres y Flujos de Trabajo en la Economía Colombiana," Archivos de Economía, Departamento Nacional de Planeación, number 12647, Mar.
• Julián VILLAMIL S & Gustavo HERN�NDEZ, 2015, "Encadenamientos, Clústeres y Flujos de Trabajo en Economía Colombiana," Archivos de Economía, Departamento Nacional de Planeación, number 12649, Mar.
• Esteban Ezequiel Maito, 2015, "Cien anos de acumulación de capital en Argentina: tasa de ganancia, composición del capital y distribución del producto," Ensayos de Economía, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín, number 14625, Dec.
• Waldenstrom, Daniel, 2015, "Wealth-income ratios in a small, late-industrializing, welfare-state economy: Sweden, 1810?2014," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 10878, Oct.
• Waldenstrom, Daniel, 2015, "The National Wealth of Sweden, 1810?2014," CEPR Discussion Papers, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers, number 10882, Oct.
• Sybille MERTENS & Michel MAREE, 2015, "Que « produit » l’entreprise d’économie sociale ?," CIRIEC Working Papers, CIRIEC - Université de Liège, number 1505, May.
• Aráoz, María Florencia & Nicolini, Esteban, 2015, "Persistence vs. Reversal and Agglomeration Economies vs. Natural Resources. Regional inequality in Argentina in the first half of the twentieth century," IFCS - Working Papers in Economic History.WH, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto Figuerola, number wp15-05, May.
• Tony HARPER, 2015, "Leonid Grinin & Andrey Akorotayev, Great Divergence and Great Convergence: A Global Perspective," Journal of Economics and Political Economy, EconSciences Journals, volume 2, issue 3, pages 428-433, September.
• Jeff STEVENS, 2015, "Addressing Bad Management Practices in a Family Owned Oil Field Environmental Organization: A Longitudinal Case Study of a Management Turn Around," Journal of Economic and Social Thought, EconSciences Journals, volume 2, issue 3, pages 175-192, September.
• Jin Seo Cho & Myung-Ho Park & Peter C. B. Phillips, 2015, "Minimum Distance Testing and Top Income Shares in Korea," Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics, Yale University, number 2007, Jun.
• Kevin Mumford, 2015, "Prosperity, sustainability and the measurement of wealth," Development Economics Working Papers, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research, number 24841, Apr.
• Kevin Mumford, 2015, "Prosperity, sustainability and the measurement of wealth," EABER Working Papers, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research, number 24841, Apr.
• Jiménez, Luis Felipe & Manuelito, Sandra, 2015, "Rasgos estilizados de la relación entre inversión y crecimiento en América Latina, 1980-2012," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), April.