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Credit frictions, selection into external finance and gains from trade

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  • Florian Unger

Abstract

This paper analyzes the effects of credit frictions in a trade model where heterogeneous firms select both into exporting and into two types of external finance. While small producers face stronger credit frictions and rely on bank finance, large firms have access to cheaper bond finance. The analysis shows that a bank credit shock leads to an increase in the share of firms that use bond finance. This selection effect is used to explain the observed decrease in bank finance relative to bond finance during the global financial crisis of 2007–2009. A calibration of the model to the crisis period documents that endogenous selection into external finance reduces the negative implications of credit frictions on product variety, exports and gains from trade. Frictions sur le marché du crédit, option de financement externe et gains commerciaux. Cet article analyse l'effet des frictions sur le marché du crédit dans un modèle commercial où les entreprises hétérogènes choisissent à la fois d'exporter et de recourir à deux types de financement externe. Tandis que les petits producteurs s'appuient sur un financement bancaire tout en étant confrontés à des frictions plus fortes sur le marché du crédit, les grandes entreprises quant à elles profitent d'un financement obligataire à meilleur marché. Notre analyse montre qu'un choc de crédit bancaire entraîne une hausse du nombre d'entreprises recourant au financement obligataire. Nous utilisons cet effet de sélection pour expliquer la diminution du financement bancaire, observée au cours de la crise financière mondiale de 2008–2009, au profit du financement obligataire. Un calage du modèle sur la période de crise montre qu'un choix endogène en matière de financement externe permet de réduire les conséquences négatives des frictions sur le marché du crédit, notamment sur la gamme de produits, les exportations et les gains commerciaux.

Suggested Citation

  • Florian Unger, 2021. "Credit frictions, selection into external finance and gains from trade," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(3), pages 1206-1251, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:canjec:v:54:y:2021:i:3:p:1206-1251
    DOI: 10.1111/caje.12529
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    1. Carsten Eckel & Florian Unger, 2023. "Credit Constraints, Endogenous Innovations, And Price Setting In International Trade," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 64(4), pages 1715-1747, November.
    2. Reto Foellmi & Stefan Legge & Alexa Tiemann, 2021. "Innovation and trade in the presence of credit constraints," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(3), pages 1168-1205, November.

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    JEL classification:

    • F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • L11 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms

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