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Capital market imperfections and trade liberalization in general equilibrium

Author

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  • Irlacher, Michael
  • Unger, Florian

Abstract

This paper develops a new international trade model with firm-specific credit frictions and endogenous borrowing costs in general equilibrium. We highlight new implications of globalization when general equilibrium effects on capital markets are present. In particular, we show that globalization increases the share of financially constrained firms and affects producers very differently depending on their exposure to credit frictions. While the positive effect of globalization dominates for unconstrained firms, higher borrowing costs and tougher competition especially hurt credit-rationed producers. We show that these new adjustments increase the heterogeneity among firms and reduce welfare gains from trade. Our theory is consistent with new empirical patterns from World Bank firm-level data. We show that credit frictions are positively related to the degree of product competition and to the variance of sales across firms.

Suggested Citation

  • Irlacher, Michael & Unger, Florian, 2018. "Capital market imperfections and trade liberalization in general equilibrium," Munich Reprints in Economics 62877, University of Munich, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:lmu:muenar:62877
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    Cited by:

    1. Carsten Eckel & Florian Unger, 2023. "Credit Constraints, Endogenous Innovations, And Price Setting In International Trade," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 64(4), pages 1715-1747, November.
    2. Carlo Altomonte & Domenico Favoino & Tommaso Sonno, 2018. "Markups and Productivity under Heterogeneous Financial Frictions," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers 18100, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    3. Irlacher, Michael & Unger, Florian, 2018. "Capital market imperfections and trade liberalization in general equilibrium," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 402-423.
    4. Carlo Altomonte & Domenico Favoino & Tommaso Sonno, 2017. "Markups, Productivity and the Financial Capability of Firms," BAFFI CAREFIN Working Papers 1755, BAFFI CAREFIN, Centre for Applied Research on International Markets Banking Finance and Regulation, Universita' Bocconi, Milano, Italy.
    5. Florian Unger, 2021. "Credit frictions, selection into external finance and gains from trade," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(3), pages 1206-1251, November.
    6. Shan Gao & Zheng Li, 2025. "Trade Policy Uncertainty, Financing Constraints, and Firm Innovation: Evidence from China," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 16(2), pages 8929-8960, June.
    7. Reto Foellmi & Stefan Legge & Alexa Tiemann, 2021. "Innovation and trade in the presence of credit constraints," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 54(3), pages 1168-1205, November.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F36 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
    • F61 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Microeconomic Impacts

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