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Banque de France

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Content

2021, Issue 236

1 Twenty years of growth in France’s trade in services
[Vingt ans d’essor des échanges de services de la France]
by Bui Quang Pierre, & Gigout Timothée. Abstract : Trade in services is playing an increasingly important role in French foreign trade. Between 2000 and 2019, it grew by 156%, twice as fast as trade in goods (+75%) or GDP (+64%). It also generated an average annual surplus of over EUR 20 billion. The nature of the services traded has also changed: the share of business services, which take place upstream (research and development, trade in intellectual property) or during the production process (consultancy, IT services), increased (from 65% to 78%), to the detriment of services to final consumers (travel, leisure). The health crisis has strongly affected trade in services. French exports dropped by 16% in 2020, and imports by 14%, leading to a EUR 16 billion surplus, down from EUR 24 billion in 2019. Les échanges de services occupent une place croissante dans le commerce extérieur français. Entre 2000 et 2019, ils ont crû de 156 %, soit deux fois plus vite que les échanges de biens (+ 75 %) ou que le PIB (+ 64 %). Ils ont en outre engendré un excédent moyen de plus de 20 milliards d’euros par an. La nature des services échangés a également évolué : la part des services aux entreprises, intervenant en amont (recherche et développement, échanges de propriété intellectuelle) ou durant le processus de production (conseils, services informatiques), a augmenté (de 65 % à 78 %), au détriment des services aux consommateurs finaux (voyages, loisirs). La crise sanitaire a fortement affecté les échanges de services. Les exportations françaises ont diminué de 16 % en 2020, et les importations de 14 %, conduisant à un excédent de 16 milliards d’euros, inférieur à celui de 2019 (24 milliards).
2 Does household mortgage debt influence the transmission of monetary policy in the United Kingdom?
[L’endettement immobilier des ménages influence-t-il la transmission de la politique monétaire au Royaume-Uni ?]
by Hubert Paul
3 French goods exports and the challenge of the Covid 19 crisis
[Les exportations françaises de biens au défi de la crise sanitaire]
by Berthou Antoine, & Gaulier Guillaume.
4 Review of world and France travel in 2020: from annus horribilis to lasting reconfiguration?
[Bilan des voyages dans le monde et en France en 2020 : de l’annus horribilis à une reconfiguration durable ?]
by Le Gallo Florian, & Schmitt Kevin.
5 The importance of the link between climate change and population for economic development
[L’importance du lien entre changement climatique et population pour le développement économique]
by Lesterquy Pauline
6 Measuring firms’ inflation expectations
[Mesurer les anticipations d’inflation des entreprises]
by Bouche Paul, & Gerardin Mathilde, & Gautier Erwan, Savignac Frédérique & Savignac Frédérique.