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Four decades of wealth and debt in France
[Quatre décennies de patrimoine et d’endettement en France]

Author

Listed:
  • Fabrice Bidaud
  • Gabriel Fontaine

Abstract

The Banque de France now publishes long term statistics on France’s national financial accounts, starting in 1977 instead of 1995. Combined with the non financial national accounts, which have been available from INSEE since 1978, they describe wealth and debt in France over more than four decades. This article illustrates some of the major trends observed since 1978: the rise in national wealth has largely been concentrated in land underlying buildings; households have been the main beneficiaries of the increase in the value of property wealth, while the state’s wealth has increasingly been affected by the rise in public debt; the financial sector has expanded strongly thanks to the expansion in financial services, with a corresponding rise in assets and liabilities; lastly, changes in companies’ financial assets and liabilities have been driven by developments in equities, as a result of cross holdings and higher valuations. La Banque de France publie désormais les statistiques des comptes nationaux financiers français sur longue période, depuis 1977 au lieu de 1995 auparavant. Alliées aux comptes nationaux non financiers, déjà mis à disposition par l’Insee depuis 1978, elles décrivent le patrimoine et l’endettement en France sur plus de quatre décennies. Cet article illustre certaines des grandes évolutions constatées depuis 1978 : la hausse du patrimoine national se concentre largement sur les terrains bâtis ; les ménages sont les principaux bénéficiaires de l’augmentation de valeur du patrimoine foncier, tandis que celui de l’État est de plus en plus grevé par l’augmentation de la dette publique ; le secteur financier se développe fortement sous l’effet de l’élargissement des services financiers, avec un accroissement parallèle des actifs et des passifs ; enfin, les variations des actifs et passifs financiers des entreprises sont portées par l’évolution des actions, sous l’effet des détentions croisées et de la hausse des valorisations.

Suggested Citation

  • Fabrice Bidaud & Gabriel Fontaine, 2023. "Four decades of wealth and debt in France [Quatre décennies de patrimoine et d’endettement en France]," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 248.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2023:248:08
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