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Why is inflation rising so little in Japan?
[Pourquoi l’inflation augmente-t-elle peu au Japon ?]

Author

Listed:
  • Nicolas Châtelais

Abstract

The level of long term inflation is far lower in Japan than in other advanced countries, partly because of weak household consumption. Consumption was first severely affected by the banking crisis in the early 1990s and then by the debt deflation dynamic that followed. Since the beginning of the 2000s, the structural weakness in private consumption has mainly been due to sluggish wage growth. Two explanatory factors emerge: (i) capital has absorbed a substantial share of the (modest) gains in growth due to the weakening of workers’ bargaining power; and (ii) chronic corporate underinvestment caused by weak expected demand and the resulting very weak productivity gains (particularly in sectors sheltered from international competition) has curtailed wage growth. Le niveau d’inflation de long terme est beaucoup plus faible au Japon que dans les autres pays avancés, en partie à cause de la faiblesse de la consommation des ménages. La consommation a tout d’abord fortement pâti de la crise bancaire du début des années 1990 et de la dynamique de désinflation par la dette qui s’est ensuivie. Depuis le début des années 2000, la faiblesse structurelle de la consommation privée résulte essentiellement de l’atonie de la croissance des salaires. Deux facteurs explicatifs ressortent : i) le facteur capital a engrangé une part substantielle des (faibles) gains de la croissance en raison de l’affaiblissement du pouvoir de négociation des travailleurs ; ii) le sous investissement chronique des entreprises causé par la faiblesse de la demande anticipée et les très faibles gains de productivité qui en découlent (notamment dans le secteur abrité de la concurrence internationale) ont freiné la croissance des salaires.

Suggested Citation

  • Nicolas Châtelais, 2022. "Why is inflation rising so little in Japan? [Pourquoi l’inflation augmente-t-elle peu au Japon ?]," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 242.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2022:242:07
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    References listed on IDEAS

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