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The increasing reliance of large French groups on debt: a financing strategy that has its limitations
[Le recours croissant des grands groupes français à l’endettement : une stratégie de financement qui montre ses limites]

Author

Listed:
  • Hélène CHARASSON-JASSON

Abstract

Since 2014, large French groups have increased their use of debt relative to other resources for the financing of their activities. The fall in the average cost of debt has created a favourable environment for this type of strategy, making it less risky in the short term. Indeed, in 2018, the coverage of interest and related expenses by operating earnings reached its highest level in a decade. This financing strategy nonetheless exposes firms to longer term risks: • their return on equity starts to be driven more by a leverage effect than by improvements in operating profitability; • their ability to service their debt would deteriorate markedly if interest rates were to rise over the medium-term; • if needed, they would find it harder to rebuild their cash buffers, which have shrunk in size since the highs of 2012; • new financial debt is notably being used to finance acquisitions, the future earnings on which may turn out to be lower than anticipated. Depuis 2014, les grands groupes français renforcent la part des dettes dans les ressources engagées pour financer leur activité. La chute du coût moyen de l’endettement crée un environnement favorable à cette stratégie, réduisant son risque à court terme. Ainsi, en 2018, les flux tirés de l’exploitation n’ont jamais aussi bien couvert, depuis dix ans, le coût des intérêts et charges assimilées. Cependant, cette stratégie de financement comporte des risques à plus long terme : • la rentabilité des capitaux devient davantage soutenue par l’effet de levier que par la rentabilité opérationnelle ; • la capacité de remboursement se dégraderait nettement en cas de remontée des taux d’intérêt à moyen terme ; • en cas de besoin, les groupes auront davantage de difficultés à reconstituer un coussin de liquidité qui a diminué depuis le haut niveau atteint en 2012 ; • les nouvelles dettes financières servent notamment à financer des opérations de croissance externe, dont les revenus futurs anticipés peuvent s’avérer surévalués.

Suggested Citation

  • Hélène CHARASSON-JASSON, 2019. "The increasing reliance of large French groups on debt: a financing strategy that has its limitations [Le recours croissant des grands groupes français à l’endettement : une stratégie de financemen," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 226.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2019:226:04
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General
    • G31 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G33 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Bankruptcy; Liquidation
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance

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