IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bfr/bullbf/202123804.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Ten years on from the business tax reform: how has it affected companies’ behaviour?
[Dix ans après la réforme de la taxe professionnelle : quels effets sur le comportement des entreprises ?]

Author

Listed:
  • Antonin Bergeaud
  • Edouard Jousselin
  • Clément Malgouyres

Abstract

In 2010, the French corporation tax known as the local economic contribution or CET (contribution économique territoriale) replaced the business tax (TP – taxe professionnelle). This latter tax on production had come under frequent criticism because it hampered companies’ competitiveness and productivity, particularly because the tax base included non-real estate assets. These assets are now excluded from the tax base. This article looks at the effects of that reform, which had a significant impact on companies, whose activity has increased as a result. While the introduction of the CET reduced the marginal cost of investment in equipment, companies’ capital intensity has not increased, the rise in employment having been more or less proportional to that of investment. But by harmonising the different tax rates, which had caused variations in the local cost of capital, the reform enabled companies to better allocate their production factors and improve their competitiveness. En 2010, la contribution économique territoriale (CET) a remplacé la taxe professionnelle. Cet impôt de production était souvent critiqué, car il pesait sur la compétitivité et sur la productivité des entreprises, en raison notamment de son assiette intégrant le capital non immobilier. Depuis, ce dernier est exclu de l’assiette de la nouvelle contribution. Cet article évalue les effets de la réforme qui a constitué un choc important pour les entreprises, dont l’activité a augmenté en conséquence. Alors que le passage à la CET a réduit le coût marginal de l’investissement en équipements, l’intensité capitalistique des entreprises n’a pas augmenté pour autant, la hausse de l’emploi ayant été à peu près proportionnelle à celle de l’investissement. Mais, en diminuant l’hétérogénéité des taux d’imposition (source de variation du coût du capital sur le territoire), la réforme a ouvert aux entreprises la possibilité de mieux allouer leurs facteurs de production et d’améliorer leur compétitivité.

Suggested Citation

  • Antonin Bergeaud & Edouard Jousselin & Clément Malgouyres, 2021. "Ten years on from the business tax reform: how has it affected companies’ behaviour? [Dix ans après la réforme de la taxe professionnelle : quels effets sur le comportement des entreprises ?]," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 238.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2021:238:04
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://publications.banque-france.fr/sites/default/files/medias/documents/bulletin-banque-de-france_238-4_en_taxe_prof.pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://publications.banque-france.fr/sites/default/files/medias/documents/bulletin-banque-de-france_238-4_taxe_professionnelle.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Philippe Aghion & Antonin Bergeaud & Timo Boppart & Peter J. Klenow & Huiyu Li, 2019. "Missing Growth from Creative Destruction," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 109(8), pages 2795-2822, August.
    2. Matthias Kehrig & Nicolas Vincent, 2019. "Good Dispersion, Bad Dispersion," NBER Working Papers 25923, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Chang-Tai Hsieh & Peter J. Klenow, 2009. "Misallocation and Manufacturing TFP in China and India," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 124(4), pages 1403-1448.
    4. Laurent Simula & Alain Trannoy, 2009. "Taxe professionnelle, imposition des entreprises et coût d'usage du capital," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, vol. 119(5), pages 677-690.
    5. Roland Rathelot & Patrick Sillard, 2008. "The Importance of Local Corporate Taxes in Business Location Decisions: Evidence From French Micro Data," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 118(527), pages 499-514, March.
    6. Gerald Auten & Robert Carroll, 1999. "The Effect Of Income Taxes On Household Income," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 81(4), pages 681-693, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Francisco Queiró, 2022. "Entrepreneurial Human Capital and Firm Dynamics [How Large Are Human-Capital Externalities? Evidence from Compulsory Schooling Laws]," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 89(4), pages 2061-2100.
    2. Nicholas Bloom & Charles I. Jones & John Van Reenen & Michael Webb, 2020. "Are Ideas Getting Harder to Find?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 110(4), pages 1104-1144, April.
    3. Antonin Bergeaud & Simon Ray, 2021. "Adjustment Costs and Factor Demand: New Evidence from Firms’ Real Estate [The heterogeneous impact of market size on innovation: evidence from French firm-level exports]," The Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 131(633), pages 70-100.
    4. Philippe Aghion, 2017. "Entrepreneurship and growth: lessons from an intellectual journey," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 48(1), pages 9-24, January.
    5. Philippe Aghion & Antonin Bergeaud & Timo Boppart & Peter J Klenow & Huiyu Li, 2023. "A Theory of Falling Growth and Rising Rents," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 90(6), pages 2675-2702.
    6. Isaac Baley & Andrés Blanco, 2021. "Aggregate Dynamics in Lumpy Economies," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 89(3), pages 1235-1264, May.
    7. Yang, Jin & Zhou, Chuanli, 2021. "Does industrial clustering mitigate the sensitivity of firm relocation to tax differentials? The role of financing," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 40(C).
    8. Kenji Fujiwara, 2024. "Firm heterogeneity in competition among the big and the small," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 76(1), pages 147-166, January.
    9. Li,Yue - ETICI & Sinha Roy,Sutirtha, 2020. "The Employment Effect of Place-Based Policies : Evidence from India," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9477, The World Bank.
    10. Bańbura, Marta & Albani, Maria & Ambrocio, Gene & Bursian, Dirk & Buss, Ginters & de Winter, Jasper & Gavura, Miroslav & Giordano, Claire & Júlio, Paulo & Le Roux, Julien & Lozej, Matija & Malthe-Thag, 2018. "Business investment in EU countries," Occasional Paper Series 215, European Central Bank.
    11. Ian Goldin & Pantelis Koutroumpis & François Lafond & Julian Winkler, 2024. "Why Is Productivity Slowing Down?," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 62(1), pages 196-268, March.
    12. Evguenia Bessonova & Anna Tsvetkova, 2019. "Productivity convergence trends within Russian industries: firm-level evidence," Bank of Russia Working Paper Series wps51, Bank of Russia.
    13. Isaac Baley & Andrés Blanco, 2022. "The long-run effects of corporate tax reforms," Economics Working Papers 1813, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.
    14. Wang, Wenya & Yang, Ei, 2023. "Multi-product firms and misallocation," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    15. Francisco Queiró, 2018. "Entrepreneurial Human Capital and Firm Dynamics," GEE Papers 00116, Gabinete de Estratégia e Estudos, Ministério da Economia, revised Dec 2018.
    16. Feld, Lars P. & Schmidt, Christoph M. & Schnabel, Isabel & Truger, Achim & Wieland, Volker, 2019. "Den Strukturwandel meistern. Jahresgutachten 2019/20 [Dealing with Structural Change. Annual Report 2019/20]," Annual Economic Reports / Jahresgutachten, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung, volume 127, number 201920.
    17. Hartwig, Benny & Lieberknecht, Philipp, 2020. "Monetary policy, firm exit and productivity," Discussion Papers 61/2020, Deutsche Bundesbank.
    18. J. David Brown & Emin Dinlersoz & John S. Earle, 2022. "Productivity Dispersion, Misallocation, and Reallocation Frictions: Theory and Evidence from Policy Reforms," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 64(1), pages 1-43, March.
    19. Anderton, Robert & Jarvis, Valerie & Labhard, Vincent & Morgan, Julian & Petroulakis, Filippos & Vivian, Lara, 2020. "Virtually everywhere? Digitalisation and the euro area and EU economies," Occasional Paper Series 244, European Central Bank.
    20. Kaoru Hosono & Miho Takizawa, 2022. "Japan's productivity stagnation: Using dynamic Hsieh–Klenow decomposition," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 40(1), pages 218-232, January.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2021:238:04. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Michael brassart (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/bdfgvfr.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.