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French sovereign debt liquidity: main factors, recent developments and resilience during the Covid crisis
[Déterminants, évolutions de la liquidité de la dette souveraine française et résilience au cours de la crise Covid]

Author

Listed:
  • Rossi Arthur
  • Lecomte Ernest
  • Legrand Théophile
  • Nguyen Benoît

Abstract

For a debt instrument to be considered a safe asset, its liquidity must be preserved – it can be bought and sold without a loss – especially when interest rates fluctuate significantly. This article measures the liquidity of French sovereign debt by analysing the “free float” – the debt that can be traded on financial markets. It finds that the liquidity of sovereign securities with a lower free float declined more during the Covid crisis. The Eurosystem’s securities lending facility has helped to mitigate the scarcity effect created by the decline in free float since 2015. Moreover, during the period of liquidity stress that started to subside at the end of March 2020, liquidity deteriorated first in the repo market, then in the cash market and finally in the futures market. Nevertheless, in a global context where liquidity stress episodes are more frequent, French public debt remains one of the most liquid in Europe. Pour qu’une dette constitue un actif sûr, il est nécessaire de préserver sa liquidité c’est-à-dire pouvoir l’acheter et la vendre sans perte, notamment lorsque les taux varient fortement. Cet article mesure la liquidité de la dette souveraine française en analysant le « flottant » – la dette pouvant s’échanger sur les marchés financiers. Il établit que la liquidité des titres souverains ayant un flottant plus faible s’est davantage réduite pendant la Covid. La facilité de prêts de titres de l’Eurosystème a permis d’atténuer l’effet de rareté créé par la baisse du flottant depuis 2015. De plus, lors du stress de liquidité qui a commencé à s’atténuer fin mars 2020, la liquidité s’est d’abord détériorée sur le marché des pensions livrées, puis sur les marchés comptant et enfin à terme. Néanmoins, dans un contexte mondial où les épisodes de stress de liquidité sont plus fréquents, la dette publique française demeure l’une des plus liquides en Europe.

Suggested Citation

  • Rossi Arthur & Lecomte Ernest & Legrand Théophile & Nguyen Benoît, 2023. "French sovereign debt liquidity: main factors, recent developments and resilience during the Covid crisis [Déterminants, évolutions de la liquidité de la dette souveraine française et résilience au," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 246.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2023:246:01
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    References listed on IDEAS

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