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European instruments aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions
[Les instruments européens visant à réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre]

Author

Listed:
  • Chloé Bellec
  • Carine Bouthevillain

Abstract

The European Commission’s “Fit for 55” legislative package aims to equip the European Union (EU) with the means to reach climate neutrality by 2050 by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It proposes (i) to revise the emissions trading system to set a higher carbon price, (ii) to set up a carbon border adjustment mechanism at the EU’s borders to reduce “carbon leakage” and (iii) to encourage third countries to commit to reducing their emissions. The characteristics of these mechanisms pose several challenges: succeeding in decarbonising economies while preserving the competitiveness of European companies, complying with the rules of the World Trade Organization and the EU’s other international requirements, and cushioning the macroeconomic and social impacts. The French Presidency of the EU, which ended last June, made significant progress in these priority areas. Le paquet législatif « Ajustement à l’objectif 55 » de la Commission européenne vise à doter l’Union européenne (UE) des moyens d’atteindre la neutralité climatique en 2050 en réduisant les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Il propose i) de réviser le mécanisme de quotas d’émissions pour fixer un prix du carbone plus élevé, ii) de créer un mécanisme d’ajustement carbone aux frontières de l’UE pour réduire les « fuites de carbone » et inciter les pays tiers à s’engager dans la réduction de leurs émissions. Les caractéristiques de ces mécanismes soulèvent plusieurs défis : réussir à décarboner les économies tout en préservant la compétitivité des entreprises européennes, respecter les règles de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce et autres obligations internationales de l’UE, et amortir les conséquences macroéconomiques et sociales. La présidence française de l’UE, achevée en juin dernier, a obtenu des avancées importantes dans ces domaines jugés comme prioritaires.

Suggested Citation

  • Chloé Bellec & Carine Bouthevillain, 2022. "European instruments aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions [Les instruments européens visant à réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre]," Bulletin de la Banque de France, Banque de France, issue 242.
  • Handle: RePEc:bfr:bullbf:2022:242:01
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. R. H. Coase, 2013. "The Problem of Social Cost," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 56(4), pages 837-877.
    2. Cecilia Bellora & Lionel Fontagné, 2022. "EU in Search of a WTO-Compatible Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism," Working Papers 2022-01, CEPII research center.
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